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Pragya, Sharma KK, Kumar A, Singh D, Kumar V, Singh B. Immobilized phytases: an overview of different strategies, support material, and their applications in improving food and feed nutrition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:5465-5487. [PMID: 34965785 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2020719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Phytases are the most widely used food and feed enzymes, which aid in nutritional improvement by reducing anti-nutritional factor. Despite the benefits, enzymes usage in the industry is restricted by several factors such as their short life-span and poor reusability, which result in high costs for large-scale utilization at commercial scale. Furthermore, under pelleting conditions such as high temperatures, pH, and other factors, the enzyme becomes inactive due to lesser stability. Immobilization of phytases has been suggested as a way to overcome these limitations with improved performance. Matrices used to immobilize phytases include inorganic (Hydroxypatite, zeolite, and silica), organic (Polyacrylamide, epoxy resins, alginate, chitosan, and starch agar), soluble matrix (Polyvinyl alcohol), and nanomaterials including nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanotubes. Several surface analysis methods, including thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and FTIR analysis, have been used to characterize immobilized phytase. Immobilized phytases have been used in a broad range of biotechnological applications such as animal feed, biodegradation of food phytates, preparations of myo-inositol phosphates, and sulfoxidation by vanadate-substituted peroxidase. This article provides information on different matrices used for phytase immobilization from the last two decades, including the process of immobilization and support material, surface analysis techniques, and multifarious biotechnological applications of the immobilized phytases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Krishna Kant Sharma
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Botany, Pt. N.R.S. Govt. College, Rohtak, India
| | - Davender Singh
- Department of Physics, RPS Degree College, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Botany, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Bijender Singh
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, India
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2
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Wang P, Zhang S, Zhang J, Zhu Y. Computational design of penicillin acylase variants with improved kinetic selectivity for the enzymatic synthesis of cefazolin. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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3
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Tacias-Pascacio VG, Morellon-Sterling R, Castañeda-Valbuena D, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Kamli MR, Tavano O, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Immobilization of papain: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:94-113. [PMID: 34375660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Papain is a cysteine protease from papaya, with many applications due to its broad specificity. This paper reviews for first time the immobilization of papain on different supports (organic, inorganic or hybrid supports) presenting some of the features of the utilized immobilization strategies (e.g., epoxide, glutaraldehyde, genipin, glyoxyl for covalent immobilization). Special focus is placed on the preparation of magnetic biocatalysts, which will permit the simple recovery of the biocatalyst even if the medium is a suspension. Problems specific to the immobilization of proteases (e.g., steric problems when hydrolyzing large proteins) are also defined. The benefits of a proper immobilization (enzyme stabilization, widening of the operation window) are discussed, together with some artifacts that may suggest an enzyme stabilization that may be unrelated to enzyme rigidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veymar G Tacias-Pascacio
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico; Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km. 1080, 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Roberto Morellon-Sterling
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC./Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain; Student of Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain
| | - Daniel Castañeda-Valbuena
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km. 1080, 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Majid Rasool Kamli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddad 21589, Saudi Arabia; Center of excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddad 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olga Tavano
- Faculty of Nutrition, Alfenas Federal Univ., 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC./Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External advisory board, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Li A, Cheng C, Qi W, Pan X, Xu X, Wang X, Wu C, Chu J, He B. Combing multiple site-directed mutagenesis of penicillin G acylase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans PX02 with improved catalytic properties for cefamandole synthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 175:322-329. [PMID: 33549660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Penicillin G acylase (PGA) was an important biocatalyst for enzymatic production of second-generation cephalosporin. PGA from Achromobacter xylosoxidans PX02 (AxPGA) showed relatively lower identity to EcPGA (54.9% in α subunit and 51.7% in β subunit), which could synthesize cefamandole in the kinetically controlled N-acylation (kcNa). Semi-rational design of AxPGA and "small and smart" mutant libraries were developed with minimal screening to improve cefamandole production. A triple mutant αR141A/αF142I/βF24G by combining the mutational sites (βF24, αR141, and αF142) from different subunits of AxPGA showed better performance in cefamandole production, with 4.2-fold of improvement in the (kcat/Km)AD value for activated acyl donor (R)-Methyl mandelate. Meanwhile, the (kcat/Km)Ps value for cefamandole by mutant αR141A/αF142I/βF24G was sharply dropped by 25.5 times, indicating its highly synthetic activity and extremely low hydrolysis of cefamandole. Strikingly, the triple mutant αR141A/αF142I/βF24G could form cefamandole with a yield of 85% at an economical substrate ratio (acyl donor/nucleophile) of 1.3:1 (82% at 1.1:1), which advanced the greener and more sustainable process of cefamandole production than the wild type. Furtherly, the improved synthetic ability and lower hydrolysis of cefamandole by mutant were rationalized using molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Weimin Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Xuanping Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Chunying Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Jianlin Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China.
| | - Bingfang He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China.
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5
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Becaro AA, Mendes AA, Adriano WS, Lopes LA, Vanzolini KL, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Tardioli PW, Cass QB, Giordano RDLC. Immobilization and stabilization of d-hydantoinase from Vigna angularis and its use in the production of N-carbamoyl-d-phenylglycine. Improvement of the reaction yield by allowing chemical racemization of the substrate. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Developing a Novel Enzyme Immobilization Process by Activation of Epoxy Carriers with Glucosamine for Pharmaceutical and Food Applications. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the development of an efficient enzyme immobilization procedure based on the activation of epoxy carriers with glucosamine. This approach aims at both creating a hydrophilic microenvironment surrounding the biocatalyst and introducing a spacer bearing an aldehyde group for covalent attachment. First, the immobilization study was carried out using penicillin G acylase (PGA) from Escherichia coli as a model enzyme. PGA immobilized on glucosamine activated supports has been compared with enzyme derivatives obtained by direct immobilization on the same non-modified carriers, in the synthesis of different 3′-functionalized cephalosporins. The derivatives prepared by immobilization of PGA on the glucosamine-carriers performed better than those prepared using the unmodified carriers (i.e., 90% versus 79% cefazolin conversion). The same immobilization method has been then applied to the immobilization of two other hydrolases (neutral protease from Bacillus subtilis, PN, and bromelain from pineapple stem, BR) and one transferase (γ-glutamyl transpeptidase from Bacillus subtilis, GGT). Immobilized PN and BR have been exploited in the synthesis of modified nucleosides and in a bench-scale packed-bed reactor for the protein stabilization of a Sauvignon blanc wine, respectively. In addition, in these cases, the new enzyme derivatives provided improved results compared to those previously described.
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Hormigo D, López-Conejo MT, Serrano-Aguirre L, García-Martín A, Saborido A, de la Mata I, Arroyo M. Kinetically controlled acylation of 6-APA catalyzed by penicillin acylase from Streptomyces lavendulae: effect of reaction conditions in the enzymatic synthesis of penicillin V. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2019.1652274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hormigo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Enzyme Biotechnology Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa López-Conejo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Enzyme Biotechnology Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Serrano-Aguirre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Enzyme Biotechnology Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Enzyme Biotechnology Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Saborido
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Enzyme Biotechnology Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel de la Mata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Enzyme Biotechnology Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Arroyo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Enzyme Biotechnology Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Sklyarenko AV, El’darov MA, Kurochkina VB, Yarotsky SV. Enzymatic synthesis of β-lactam acids (review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683815060150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Wang X, Shi J, Zhang S, Wu H, Jiang Z, Yang C, Wang Y, Tang L, Yan A. MOF-templated rough, ultrathin inorganic microcapsules for enzyme immobilization. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:6587-6598. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00870k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-containing ultrathin titania microcapsules with rough surfaces were prepared by using MOF as a hard template to mediate the hierarchical structures of the microcapsule shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jiafu Shi
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Tang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- People's Republic of China
| | - Anfu Yan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- People's Republic of China
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Oriented Immobilization and Characterization of a Poly-Lysine-Tagged Cephalosporin C Acylase on Glyoxyl Agarose Support. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:2114-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Current state and perspectives of penicillin G acylase-based biocatalyses. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:2867-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5492-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Bonomi P, Bavaro T, Serra I, Tagliani A, Terreni M, Ubiali D. Modulation of the microenvironment surrounding the active site of penicillin G acylase immobilized on acrylic carriers improves the enzymatic synthesis of cephalosporins. Molecules 2013; 18:14349-65. [PMID: 24264137 PMCID: PMC6290566 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181114349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic properties of penicillin G acylase (PGA) from Escherichia coli in kinetically controlled synthesis of β-lactam antibiotics are negatively affected upon immobilization on hydrophobic acrylic carriers. Two strategies have been here pursued to improve the synthetic performance of PGA immobilized on epoxy-activated acrylic carriers. First, an aldehyde-based spacer was inserted on the carrier surface by glutaraldehyde activation (immobilization yield = 50%). The resulting 3-fold higher synthesis/hydrolysis ratio (vs/vh1 = 9.7 ± 0.7 and 10.9 ± 0.7 for Eupergit® C and Sepabeads® EC-EP, respectively) with respect to the unmodified support (vs/vh1 = 3.3 ± 0.4) was ascribed to a facilitated diffusion of substrates and products as a result of the increased distance between the enzyme and the carrier surface. A second series of catalysts was prepared by direct immobilization of PGA on epoxy-activated acrylic carriers (Eupergit® C), followed by quenching of oxiranes not involved in the binding with the protein with different nucleophiles (amino acids, amines, amino alcohols, thiols and amino thiols). In most cases, this derivatization increased the synthesis/hydrolysis ratio with respect to the non derivatized carrier. Particularly, post-immobilization treatment with cysteine resulted in about 2.5-fold higher vs/vh1 compared to the untreated biocatalyst, although the immobilization yield decreased from 70% (untreated Eupergit® C) to 20%. Glutaraldehyde- and cysteine-treated Eupergit® C catalyzed the synthesis of cefazolin in 88% (±0.9) and 87% (±1.6) conversion, respectively, whereas untreated Eupergit® C afforded this antibiotic in 79% (±1.2) conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marco Terreni
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: (M.T.); (D.U.); Tel.: +39-0382-987-265/987-889; Fax: +39-0382-422-975
| | - Daniela Ubiali
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: (M.T.); (D.U.); Tel.: +39-0382-987-265/987-889; Fax: +39-0382-422-975
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Petenzi M, Bavaro T, Cornaggia C, Ubiali D, Pregnolato M, Pasini D. Synthesis, post-modification and characterization of linear polystyrene-based supports for interaction with immobilized biocatalysts. POLYM INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Assessment of immobilized PGA orientation via the LC-MS analysis of tryptic digests of the wild type and its 3K-PGA mutant assists in the rational design of a high-performance biocatalyst. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:745-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6143-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Efficient biocatalyst for large-scale synthesis of cephalosporins, obtained by combining immobilization and site-directed mutagenesis of penicillin acylase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 95:1491-500. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3817-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Garcia-Galan C, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rodrigues RC. Potential of Different Enzyme Immobilization Strategies to Improve Enzyme Performance. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1243] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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17
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Valencia P, Wilson L, Aguirre C, Illanes A. Evaluation of the incidence of diffusional restrictions on the enzymatic reactions of hydrolysis of penicillin G and synthesis of cephalexin. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Bernardino SM, Fernandes P, Fonseca LP. Improved specific productivity in cephalexin synthesis by immobilized PGA in silica magnetic micro-particles. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 107:753-62. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Temporini C, Bonomi P, Serra I, Tagliani A, Bavaro T, Ubiali D, Massolini G, Terreni M. Characterization and Study of the Orientation of Immobilized Enzymes by Tryptic Digestion and HPLC-MS: Design of an Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Cephalosporins. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:1623-32. [DOI: 10.1021/bm100259a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Temporini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy, and Italian Biocatalysis Center, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonomi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy, and Italian Biocatalysis Center, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy
| | - Immacolata Serra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy, and Italian Biocatalysis Center, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy
| | - Auro Tagliani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy, and Italian Biocatalysis Center, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy
| | - Teodora Bavaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy, and Italian Biocatalysis Center, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy
| | - Daniela Ubiali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy, and Italian Biocatalysis Center, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy
| | - Gabriella Massolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy, and Italian Biocatalysis Center, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy
| | - Marco Terreni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy, and Italian Biocatalysis Center, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy
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20
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Çelem EB, Önal S. Immobilization of phytase on epoxy-activated Sepabead EC-EP for the hydrolysis of soymilk phytate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Adikane HV, Thakar DM. Studies of Penicillin G Acylase Immobilization Using Highly Porous Cellulose-Based Polymeric Membrane. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 160:1130-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Illanes A, Wilson L, Aguirre C. Synthesis of Cephalexin in Aqueous Medium with Carrier-bound and Carrier-free Penicillin Acylase Biocatalysts. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 157:98-110. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 04/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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