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Filip J, Vinter Š, Čechová E, Sotolářová J. Materials interacting with inorganic selenium from the perspective of electrochemical sensing. Analyst 2021; 146:6394-6415. [PMID: 34596173 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00677k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic selenium, the most common form of harmful selenium in the environment, can be determined using electrochemical sensors, which are compact, fast, reliable and easy-to-operate devices. Despite progress in this area, there is still significant room for developing high-performance selenium electrochemical sensors. To achieve this, one should take into account (i) the electrochemical process that selenium undergoes on the electrode; (ii) the valence state of selenium species in the sample and (iii) modification of the sensor surface by a material with high affinity to selenium. The goal of this review is to provide a knowledge base for these issues. After the Introduction section, mechanisms and principles of the electrochemical reduction of selenium are introduced, followed by a section introducing the modification of electrodes with materials interacting with selenium and a section dedicated to speciation methods, including the reduction of non-detectable Se(VI) to detectable Se(IV). In the following sections, the main types of materials (metallic, polymers, hybrid (nano)materials…) interacting with inorganic selenium (mostly absorbents) are reviewed to show the diversity of properties that may be endowed to sensors if the materials were to be used for the modification of electrodes. These features for the main material categories are outlined in the conclusion section, where it is stated that the engineered polymers may be the most promising modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Filip
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nad Ovčírnou 3685, Zlín 760 01, Czechia.
| | - Štěpán Vinter
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nad Ovčírnou 3685, Zlín 760 01, Czechia.
| | - Erika Čechová
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nad Ovčírnou 3685, Zlín 760 01, Czechia.
| | - Jitka Sotolářová
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nad Ovčírnou 3685, Zlín 760 01, Czechia.
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Tellurium: A Rare Element with Influence on Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Biological Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115924. [PMID: 34072929 PMCID: PMC8199023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metalloid tellurium is characterized as a chemical element belonging to the chalcogen group without known biological function. However, its compounds, especially the oxyanions, exert numerous negative effects on both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Recent evidence suggests that increasing environmental pollution with tellurium has a causal link to autoimmune, neurodegenerative and oncological diseases. In this review, we provide an overview about the current knowledge on the mechanisms of tellurium compounds' toxicity in bacteria and humans and we summarise the various ways organisms cope and detoxify these compounds. Over the last decades, several gene clusters conferring resistance to tellurium compounds have been identified in a variety of bacterial species and strains. These genetic determinants exhibit great genetic and functional diversity. Besides the existence of specific resistance mechanisms, tellurium and its toxic compounds interact with molecular systems, mediating general detoxification and mitigation of oxidative stress. We also discuss the similarity of tellurium and selenium biochemistry and the impact of their compounds on humans.
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Extreme Environments and High-Level Bacterial Tellurite Resistance. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120601. [PMID: 31766694 PMCID: PMC6955997 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria have long been known to possess resistance to the highly toxic oxyanion tellurite, most commonly though reduction to elemental tellurium. However, the majority of research has focused on the impact of this compound on microbes, namely E. coli, which have a very low level of resistance. Very little has been done regarding bacteria on the other end of the spectrum, with three to four orders of magnitude greater resistance than E. coli. With more focus on ecologically-friendly methods of pollutant removal, the use of bacteria for tellurite remediation, and possibly recovery, further highlights the importance of better understanding the effect on microbes, and approaches for resistance/reduction. The goal of this review is to compile current research on bacterial tellurite resistance, with a focus on high-level resistance by bacteria inhabiting extreme environments.
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Tymoshok NO, Kharchuk MS, Kaplunenko VG, Bityutskyy VS, Tsekhmistrenko SI, Tsekhmistrenko OS, Spivak MY, Melnichenko ОМ. Evaluation of effects of selenium nanoparticles on Bacillus subtilis. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.15421/021980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to characterize of selenium nanoparticles (Nano-Se) which were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids to obtain the aqueous selenium citrate solution. The study was conducted using bacteriological and electronic-microscopic methods. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and spectroscopy analyses demonstrated that nano-selenium particles obtained by the method of selenium ablation had the size of 4–8 nm. UV-Visible Spectrum colloidal solution Nano-Se exhibited absorption maxima at 210 nm. To clarify some effects of the action of Nano-Se on Bacillus subtilis, we investigated the interaction of Nano-Se with B. subtilis IMV B-7392 before and after incubation with Nano-Se, examining TEM images. It has been shown that exposure to B. subtilis IMV B-7392 in the presence of Nano-Se is accompanied by the rapid uptake of Nano-Se by bacterial culture. TEM analysis found that the electron-dense Nano-Se particles were located in the intracellular spaces of B. subtilis IMV B-7392. That does not lead to changes in cultural and morphological characteristics of B. subtilis IMV B-7392. Using TEM, it has been shown that penetration of nanoparticles in the internal compartments is accompanied with transient porosity of the cell membrane of B. subtilis IMV B-7392 without rupturing it. The effective concentration of Nano-Se 0.2 × 10–3 mg/mL was found to increase the yield of biologically active substances of B. subtilis. In order to create probiotic nano-selenium containing products, the nutrient medium of B. subtilis IMV B-7392 was enriched with Nano-Se at 0.2 × 10–3 mg/mL. It was found that particles Nano-Se are non-toxic to the culture and did not exhibit bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects. The experimentally demonstrated ability of B. subtilis to absorb selenium nanoparticles has opened up the possibility of using Nano-Se as suitable drug carriers.
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Nguyen VK, Choi W, Ha Y, Gu Y, Lee C, Park J, Jang G, Shin C, Cho S. Microbial tellurite reduction and production of elemental tellurium nanoparticles by novel bacteria isolated from wastewater. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Detoxification and reduction of selenite to elemental red selenium by Frankia. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2018; 112:127-139. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-1196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Formation of Se(0), Te(0), and Se(0)-Te(0) nanostructures during simultaneous bioreduction of selenite and tellurite in a UASB reactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2899-2911. [PMID: 29399711 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous removal of selenite and tellurite from synthetic wastewater was achieved through microbial reduction in a lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor operated with 12 h hydraulic retention time at 30 °C and pH 7 for 120 days. Lactate was supplied as electron donor at an organic loading rate of 528 or 880 mg COD L-1 day-1. The reactor was initially fed with a synthetic influent containing 0.05 mM selenite and tellurite each (phase I, day 1-60) and subsequently with 0.1 mM selenite and tellurite each (phase II, day 61-120). At the end of phase I, selenite and tellurite removal efficiencies were 93 and 96%, respectively. The removal percentage dropped to 87 and 81% for selenite and tellurite, respectively, at the beginning of phase II because of the increased influent concentrations. The removal efficiencies of both selenite and tellurite were gradually restored within 20 days and stabilized at ≥ 97% towards the end of the experiment. Powder X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of biogenic Se(0), Te(0), and Se(0)-Te(0) nanostructures. Scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed aggregates comprising of Se(0), Te(0), and Se-Te nanostructures embedded in a layer of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of chemical signatures of the EPS which capped the nanoparticle aggregates that had been formed and immobilized in the granular sludge. This study suggests a model for technologies for remediation of effluents containing Se and Te oxyanions coupled with biorecovery of bimetal(loid) nanostructures.
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Rosenfeld CE, Kenyon JA, James BR, Santelli CM. Selenium (IV,VI) reduction and tolerance by fungi in an oxic environment. GEOBIOLOGY 2017; 15:441-452. [PMID: 28044397 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microbial processes are known to mediate selenium (Se) oxidation-reduction reactions, strongly influencing Se speciation, bioavailability, and transport throughout the environment. While these processes have commonly been studied in anaerobic bacteria, the role that aerobic fungi play in Se redox reactions could be important for Se-rich soil systems, dominated by microbial activity. We quantified fungal growth, aerobic Se(IV, VI) reduction, and Se immobilization and volatilization in the presence of six, metal-tolerant Ascomycete fungi. We found that the removal of dissolved Se was dependent on the fungal species, Se form (i.e., selenite or selenate), and Se concentration. All six species grew and removed dissolved Se(IV) or Se(VI) from solution, with five species reducing both oxyanions to Se(0) biominerals, and all six species removing at least 15%-20% of the supplied Se via volatilization. Growth rates of all fungi, however, decreased with increasing Se(IV,VI) concentrations. All fungi removed 85%-93% of the dissolved Se(IV) within 10 d in the presence of 0.01 mm Se(IV), although only about 20%-30% Se(VI) was removed when grown with 0.01 mm Se(VI). Fungi-produced biominerals were typically 50- to 300-nm-diameter amorphous or paracrystalline spherical Se(0) nanoparticles. Our results demonstrate that activity of common soil fungi can influence Se form and distribution, and these organisms may therefore play a role in detoxifying Se-polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Rosenfeld
- Department of Mineral Sciences, Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Earth Science and BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J A Kenyon
- Department of Mineral Sciences, Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
- MIT/WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography, Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - B R James
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - C M Santelli
- Department of Mineral Sciences, Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Earth Science and BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Maltman C, Donald LJ, Yurkov V. Two distinct periplasmic enzymes are responsible for tellurite/tellurate and selenite reduction by strain ER-Te-48 associated with the deep sea hydrothermal vent tube worms at the Juan de Fuca Ridge black smokers. Arch Microbiol 2017; 199:1113-1120. [PMID: 28432382 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1382-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Strain ER-Te-48 isolated from a deep-ocean hydrothermal vent tube worm is capable of resisting and reducing extremely high levels of tellurite, tellurate, and selenite, which are used for respiration anaerobically. Tellurite and tellurate reduction is accomplished by a periplasmic enzyme of 215 kDa comprised of 3 subunits (74, 42, and 25 kDa) in a 2:1:1 ratio. The optimum pH and temperature for activity is 8.0 and 35 °C, respectively. Tellurite reduction has a V max of 5.6 µmol/min/mg protein and a K m of 3.9 mM. In the case of the tellurate reaction, V max and K m were 2.6 µmol/min/mg protein and 2.6 mM, respectively. Selenite reduction is carried out by another periplasmic enzyme with a V max of 2.8 µmol/min/mg protein, K m of 12.1 mM, and maximal activity at pH 6.0 and 38 °C. This protein is 165 kDa and comprised of 3 subunits of 98, 44, and 23 kDa in a 1:1:1 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Maltman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Lynda J Donald
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Vladimir Yurkov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Tellurite and Tellurate Reduction by the Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototroph Erythromonas ursincola, Strain KR99 Is Carried out by a Novel Membrane Associated Enzyme. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5020020. [PMID: 28422063 PMCID: PMC5488091 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythromonas ursincola, strain KR99 isolated from a freshwater thermal spring of Kamchatka Island in Russia, resists and reduces very high levels of toxic tellurite under aerobic conditions. Reduction is carried out by a constitutively expressed membrane associated enzyme, which was purified and characterized. The tellurite reductase has a molecular weight of 117 kDa, and is comprised of two subunits (62 and 55 kDa) in a 1:1 ratio. Optimal activity occurs at pH 7.0 and 28 °C. Tellurite reduction has a Vmax of 5.15 µmol/min/mg protein and a Km of 3.36 mM. The enzyme can also reduce tellurate with a Vmax and Km of 1.08 µmol/min/mg protein and 1.44 mM, respectively. This is the first purified membrane associated Te oxyanion reductase.
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Presentato A, Piacenza E, Anikovskiy M, Cappelletti M, Zannoni D, Turner RJ. Rhodococcus aetherivorans BCP1 as cell factory for the production of intracellular tellurium nanorods under aerobic conditions. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:204. [PMID: 27978836 PMCID: PMC5157098 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tellurite (TeO32−) is recognized as a toxic oxyanion to living organisms. However, mainly anaerobic or facultative-anaerobic microorganisms are able to tolerate and convert TeO32− into the less toxic and available form of elemental Tellurium (Te0), producing Te-deposits or Te-nanostructures. The use of TeO32−-reducing bacteria can lead to the decontamination of polluted environments and the development of “green-synthesis” methods for the production of nanomaterials. In this study, the tolerance and the consumption of TeO32− have been investigated, along with the production and characterization of Te-nanorods by Rhodococcus aetherivorans BCP1 grown under aerobic conditions. Results Aerobically grown BCP1 cells showed high tolerance towards TeO32− with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2800 μg/mL (11.2 mM). TeO32− consumption has been evaluated exposing the BCP1 strain to either 100 or 500 μg/mL of K2TeO3 (unconditioned growth) or after re-inoculation in fresh medium with new addition of K2TeO3 (conditioned growth). A complete consumption of TeO32− at 100 μg/mL was observed under both growth conditions, although conditioned cells showed higher consumption rate. Unconditioned and conditioned BCP1 cells partially consumed TeO32− at 500 μg/mL. However, a greater TeO32− consumption was observed with conditioned cells. The production of intracellular, not aggregated and rod-shaped Te-nanostructures (TeNRs) was observed as a consequence of TeO32− reduction. Extracted TeNRs appear to be embedded in an organic surrounding material, as suggested by the chemical–physical characterization. Moreover, we observed longer TeNRs depending on either the concentration of precursor (100 or 500 μg/mL of K2TeO3) or the growth conditions (unconditioned or conditioned grown cells). Conclusions Rhodococcus aetherivorans BCP1 is able to tolerate high concentrations of TeO32− during its growth under aerobic conditions. Moreover, compared to unconditioned BCP1 cells, TeO32−conditioned cells showed a higher oxyanion consumption rate (for 100 μg/mL of K2TeO3) or to consume greater amount of TeO32− (for 500 μg/mL of K2TeO3). TeO32− consumption by BCP1 cells led to the production of intracellular and not aggregated TeNRs embedded in an organic surrounding material. The high resistance of BCP1 to TeO32− along with its ability to produce Te-nanostructures supports the application of this microorganism as a possible eco-friendly nanofactory. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0602-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Presentato
- Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Elena Piacenza
- Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Max Anikovskiy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Martina Cappelletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Unit of General and Applied Microbiology, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Davide Zannoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Unit of General and Applied Microbiology, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Raymond J Turner
- Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Maltman C, Walter G, Yurkov V. A Diverse Community of Metal(loid) Oxide Respiring Bacteria Is Associated with Tube Worms in the Vicinity of the Juan de Fuca Ridge Black Smoker Field. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149812. [PMID: 26914590 PMCID: PMC4767881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Epibiotic bacteria associated with tube worms living in the vicinity of deep sea hydrothermal vents of the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the Pacific Ocean were investigated for the ability to respire anaerobically on tellurite, tellurate, selenite, selenate, metavanadate and orthovanadate as terminal electron acceptors. Out of 107 isolates tested, 106 were capable of respiration on one or more of these oxides, indicating that metal(loid) oxide based respiration is not only much more prevalent in nature than is generally believed, but also is an important mode of energy generation in the habitat. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed the bacterial community to be rich and highly diverse, containing many potentially new species. Furthermore, it appears that the worms not only possess a close symbiotic relationship with chemolithotrophic sulfide-oxidizing bacteria, but also with the metal(loid) oxide transformers. Possibly they protect the worms through reduction of the toxic compounds that would otherwise be harmful to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Maltman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Graham Walter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Vladimir Yurkov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Maltman C, Yurkov V. The Effect of Tellurite on Highly Resistant Freshwater Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophs and Their Strategies for Reduction. Microorganisms 2015; 3:826-38. [PMID: 27682119 PMCID: PMC5023272 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms3040826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Six fresh water aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs (Erythromicrobium ezovicum, strain E1; Erythromicrobium hydrolyticum, E4(1); Erythromicrobium ramosum, E5; Erythromonas ursincola, KR99; Sandaracinobacter sibiricus, RB 16-17; and Roseococcus thiosulfatophilus, RB3) possessing high level resistance to TeO32− and the ability to reduce it to elemental Te were studied to understand their interaction with this highly toxic oxyanion. Tested organic carbon sources, pH, and level of aeration all had an impact on reduction. Physiological and metabolic responses of cells to tellurite varied among strains. In its presence, versus absence, cellular biomass either increased (KR99, 66.6% and E5, 21.2%) or decreased (RB3, 66.1%, E1, 57.8%, RB 16-17, 41.5%, and E4(1), 21.3%). The increase suggests a possible benefit from tellurite. Cellular ATP production was similarly affected, resulting in an increase (KR99, 15.2% and E5, 38.9%) or decrease (E4(1), 31.9%; RB 16-17, 48.8%; RB3, 55.9%; E1, 35.9%). Two distinct strategies to tellurite reduction were identified. The first, found in E4(1), requires de novo protein preparations as well as an undisturbed whole cell. The second strategy, in which reduction depended on a membrane associated constitutive reductase, was used by the remaining strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Maltman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Vladimir Yurkov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Maltman C, Piercey-Normore MD, Yurkov V. Tellurite-, tellurate-, and selenite-based anaerobic respiration by strain CM-3 isolated from gold mine tailings. Extremophiles 2015; 19:1013-9. [PMID: 26254805 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-015-0776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The newly discovered strain CM-3, a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium from gold mine tailings of the Central Mine in Nopiming Provincial Park, Canada, is capable of dissimilatory anaerobic reduction of tellurite, tellurate, and selenite. CM-3 possesses very high level resistance to these oxides, both aerobically and anaerobically. During aerobic growth, tellurite and tellurate resistance was up to 1500 and 1000 µg/ml, respectively. In the presence of selenite, growth occurred at the highest concentration tested, 7000 µg/ml. Under anaerobic conditions, resistance was decreased to 800 µg/ml for the Te oxides; however, much like under aerobic conditions, growth with selenite still took place at 7000 µg/ml. In the absence of oxygen, CM-3 couples oxide reduction to an increase in biomass. Following an initial drop in viable cells, due to switching from aerobic to anaerobic conditions, there was an increase in CFU/ml greater than one order of magnitude in the presence of tellurite (6.6 × 10(3)-8.6 × 10(4) CFU/ml), tellurate (4.6 × 10(3)-1.4 × 10(5) CFU/ml), and selenite (2.7 × 10(5)-5.6 × 10(6) CFU/ml). A control culture without metalloid oxides showed a steady decrease in CFU/ml with no recovery. ATP production was also increased in the presence of each oxide, further indicating anaerobic respiration. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a 99.0 % similarity of CM-3 to Pseudomonas reactans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Maltman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Shirsat S, Kadam A, Naushad M, Mane RS. Selenium nanostructures: microbial synthesis and applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17921a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides a brief overview of the current research activities that center on the microbial synthesis and the characterization of Se NPs, followed by discussion of the available mechanisms and plausible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mu. Naushad
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajaram S. Mane
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Saudi Arabia
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Srivastava P, Braganca JM, Kowshik M. In vivosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles byHalococcus salifodinaeBK18 and their anti-proliferative properties against HeLa cell line. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 30:1480-7. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavee Srivastava
- Dept. of Biological Sciences; Birla Inst. of Technology and Science Pilani; K K Birla Goa Campus, NH-17B Zuarinagar Goa 403 726 India
| | - Judith M. Braganca
- Dept. of Biological Sciences; Birla Inst. of Technology and Science Pilani; K K Birla Goa Campus, NH-17B Zuarinagar Goa 403 726 India
| | - Meenal Kowshik
- Dept. of Biological Sciences; Birla Inst. of Technology and Science Pilani; K K Birla Goa Campus, NH-17B Zuarinagar Goa 403 726 India
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Alavi S, Amoozegar MA, Khajeh K. Enzyme(s) responsible for tellurite reducing activity in a moderately halophilic bacterium, Salinicoccus iranensis strain QW6. Extremophiles 2014; 18:953-61. [PMID: 24984690 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-014-0665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxyanions of tellurium, like tellurate (TeO4 (2-)) and tellurite (TeO3 (2-)), are highly toxic for most microorganisms. There are a few reports on the bacterial tellurite resistance mechanism(s). Salinicoccus iranensis, a Gram-positive halophilic bacterium, shows high tellurite resistance and NADH-dependent tellurite reduction activity in vitro. Since little is known regarding TeO3 (2-) resistance mechanisms in halophilic microorganisms, here one of the enzymatic reduction activities presented in this microorganism is investigated. To enhance the enzymatic activity during purification, the effect of different parameters including time, inoculation, different pHs, different tellurite concentrations and different salts were optimized. We also examined the tellurite removal rates by diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) during optimization. In the culture medium the optimum conditions obtained showed that at 30 h, 2 % inoculum, pH 7.5, without tellurite and with 5 % NaCl (w/v) the highest enzyme activity and tellurite removal were observed. Results of the purification procedure done by hydroxyapatite batch-mode, ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by phenyl-Sepharose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, showed that the enzyme consisted of three subunits with molecular masses of 135, 63 and 57 kDa. In addition to tellurite reduction activity, the enzyme was able to reduce nitrate too. Our study extends the knowledge regarding this process in halophilic microorganisms. Besides, this approach may suggest an application for the organism or the enzyme itself to be used for bioremediation of polluted areas with different contaminants due to its nitrate reductase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Alavi
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
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Dwivedi S, AlKhedhairy AA, Ahamed M, Musarrat J. Biomimetic synthesis of selenium nanospheres by bacterial strain JS-11 and its role as a biosensor for nanotoxicity assessment: a novel se-bioassay. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57404. [PMID: 23483909 PMCID: PMC3587581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) were synthesized by green technology using the bacterial isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain JS-11. The bacteria exhibited significant tolerance to selenite (SeO3(2-)) up to 100 mM concentration with an EC50 value of 140 mM. The spent medium (culture supernatant) contains the potential of reducing soluble and colorless SeO3(2-) to insoluble red elemental selenium (Se(0)) at 37°C. Characterization of red Se° product by use of UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDX) analysis revealed the presence of stable, predominantly monodispersed and spherical selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) of an average size of 21 nm. Most likely, the metabolite phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) released by strain JS-11 in culture supernatant along with the known redox agents like NADH and NADH dependent reductases are responsible for biomimetic reduction of SeO3(2-) to Se° nanospheres. Based on the bioreduction of a colorless solution of SeO3(2-) to elemental red Se(0), a high throughput colorimetric bioassay (Se-Assay) was developed for parallel detection and quantification of nanoparticles (NPs) cytotoxicity in a 96 well format. Thus, it has been concluded that the reducing power of the culture supernatant of strain JS-11 could be effectively exploited for developing a simple and environmental friendly method of Se-NPs synthesis. The results elucidated that the red colored Se° nanospheres may serve as a biosensor for nanotoxicity assessment, contemplating the inhibition of SeO3(2-) bioreduction process in NPs treated bacterial cell culture supernatant, as a toxicity end point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Dwivedi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Maqusood Ahamed
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Musarrat
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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