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Chen L, Xue S, Dai B, Zhao H. Effects of Coix Seed Oil on High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Dyslipidemia. Foods 2022. [PMCID: PMC9601554 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary intervention is becoming more popular as a way to improve lipid metabolism and reduce the prevalence of diet-related chronic disorders. We evaluated the effects of several dietary oils on body weight, fat mass, liver weight, and tumor necrosis factor in obese mice given a high-fat diet (HFD) to discover if coix seed oil (CSO) had an anti-obesity impact. As compared to other dietary fats, CSO treatment considerably lowered body weight and liver index, successfully sup-pressed total cholesterol and triglyceride content, and raised liver lipid deposition and lipid metabolism problem induced by high fat intake. Furthermore, gas chromatography research revealed that CSO extracted by supercritical fluid, with 64% being CSO extracted by supercritical fluid, and the greatest amounts of capric acids and lauric acids being 35.28% and 22.21%, respectively. CSO contained a high content of medium-chain fatty acids and was able to modify hepatic fatty acid metabolism and lipid levels in HFD-induced obese mice. According to the results, CSO has the potential to replace dietary lipids as a promising functional lipid in the prevention of met-abolish disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-137-7757-7107; Fax: +86-571-2800-8902
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Chandra P, Enespa, Singh R, Arora PK. Microbial lipases and their industrial applications: a comprehensive review. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:169. [PMID: 32847584 PMCID: PMC7449042 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipases are very versatile enzymes, and produced the attention of the several industrial processes. Lipase can be achieved from several sources, animal, vegetable, and microbiological. The uses of microbial lipase market is estimated to be USD 425.0 Million in 2018 and it is projected to reach USD 590.2 Million by 2023, growing at a CAGR of 6.8% from 2018. Microbial lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) catalyze the hydrolysis of long chain triglycerides. The microbial origins of lipase enzymes are logically dynamic and proficient also have an extensive range of industrial uses with the manufacturing of altered molecules. The unique lipase (triacylglycerol acyl hydrolase) enzymes catalyzed the hydrolysis, esterification and alcoholysis reactions. Immobilization has made the use of microbial lipases accomplish its best performance and hence suitable for several reactions and need to enhance aroma to the immobilization processes. Immobilized enzymes depend on the immobilization technique and the carrier type. The choice of the carrier concerns usually the biocompatibility, chemical and thermal stability, and insolubility under reaction conditions, capability of easy rejuvenation and reusability, as well as cost proficiency. Bacillus spp., Achromobacter spp., Alcaligenes spp., Arthrobacter spp., Pseudomonos spp., of bacteria and Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., of fungi are screened large scale for lipase production. Lipases as multipurpose biological catalyst has given a favorable vision in meeting the needs for several industries such as biodiesel, foods and drinks, leather, textile, detergents, pharmaceuticals and medicals. This review represents a discussion on microbial sources of lipases, immobilization methods increased productivity at market profitability and reduce logistical liability on the environment and user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Chandra
- Food Microbiology & Toxicology, Department of Microbiology, School for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central) University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025 India
| | - Enespa
- Department of Plant Pathology, School for Agriculture, SMPDC, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007 U.P. India
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, School for Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central) University, Lucknow, U.P. India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Arora
- Department of Microbiology, School for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central) University, Lucknow, U.P. India
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Co-immobilization of bi-lipases on magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient catalyst for synthesis of functional oil rich in diacylglycerols, phytosterol esters and α-linolenic acid. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Valorization of Glycerol through the Enzymatic Synthesis of Acylglycerides with High Nutritional Value. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of specific acylglycerides from the selective esterification of glycerol is an attractive alternative for the valorization of this by-product of the biodiesel industry. In this way, products with high added value are generated, increasing the profitability of the overall process and reducing an associated environmental threat. In this work, nutritional and medically interesting glycerides were obtained by enzymatic esterification through a two-stage process. In the first stage, 1,3-dicaprin was obtained by the regioselective esterification of glycerol and capric acid mediated by the commercial biocatalyst Lipozyme RM IM. Under optimal reaction conditions, 73% conversion of fatty acids and 76% selectivity to 1,3-dicaprin was achieved. A new model to explain the participation of lipase in the acyl migration reaction is presented. It evaluates the conditions in the microenvironment of the active site of the enzyme during the formation of the tetrahedral intermediate. In the second stage, the esterification of the sn-2 position of 1,3-dicaprin with palmitic acid was performed using the lipase from Burkholderia cepacia immobilized on chitosan as the biocatalyst. A biocatalyst containing 3 wt % of lipase showed good activity to esterify the sn-2 position of 1,3-dicaprin. A mixture of acylglycerides consisting mainly of capric acid esterified at sn-1 and sn-3, and of palmitic acid at the sn-2 position was obtained as the reaction product. The influence of the biocatalyst mass, the reaction temperature, and the molar ratio of substrates were evaluated for this reaction using a factorial design. Simple models were used to adjust the consumption of reagents and the generation of different products. The reaction product contained between 76% and 90% of acylglycerides with high nutritional value, depending on the reaction conditions.
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Utama QD, Sitanggang AB, Adawiyah DR, Hariyadi P. Lipase-Catalyzed Interesterification for the Synthesis of Medium-Long-Medium (MLM) Structured Lipids - A Review. Food Technol Biotechnol 2019; 57:305-318. [PMID: 31866744 PMCID: PMC6902296 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.57.03.19.6025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Medium-long-medium (MLM) structured lipids typically contain medium-chain fatty acids (C6-C12) at sn-1,3 and long-chain fatty acids (C14-C24) at sn-2 positions. They have reduced calories and are suitable for the control of obesity, lipid malabsorption and other metabolic disorders. This review focuses on the synthesis of MLM lipids by the enzymatic interesterification. It gives detailed description of biocatalysts, substrates, reactors and synthesis methods, and discusses the use of MLM lipids in food products. The information provided in this review can be considered as the current state-of-the art for developing a future strategy for the synthesis of MLM structured lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qabul Dinanta Utama
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Darmaga, 16680 Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Azis Boing Sitanggang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Darmaga, 16680 Bogor, Indonesia
- Southeast Asian Food and Agricultural Science and Technology (SEAFAST) Center, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Darmaga, 16680 Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Dede Robiatul Adawiyah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Darmaga, 16680 Bogor, Indonesia
- Southeast Asian Food and Agricultural Science and Technology (SEAFAST) Center, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Darmaga, 16680 Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Purwiyatno Hariyadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Darmaga, 16680 Bogor, Indonesia
- Southeast Asian Food and Agricultural Science and Technology (SEAFAST) Center, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Darmaga, 16680 Bogor, Indonesia
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Kok WM, Chuah CH, Cheng SF. Enzymatic synthesis of structured lipids with behenic acid at the sn-1, 3 positions of triacylglycerols. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:353-366. [PMID: 30263758 PMCID: PMC6049627 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A long chain saturated fatty acid (SFA), behenic acid, is incorporated into the sn-1, 3 positions of triacylglycerols in palm olein (POo) and high-oleic sunflower oil (HOS) by solvent-free interesterification catalyzed by Lipozyme RM IM. The enzymatic interesterified HOS (EIE-HOS) yielded 76.5% of BOO and BOB as compared to 45.6% in POo (EIE-POo). The sn-2 position of EIE-HOS displayed 5.3 mol% of SFA which is significantly lower compared to 13.5 mol% in EIE-POo (P < 0.001). The sn-1, 3 positions of EIE-POo exhibited greater amount of behenic acid (82.0 mol%) in relation to EIE-HOS (64.0 mol%) (P < 0.001). Due to the greater variety of constitutive triacylglycerol, EIE-POo showed greater differences between onset (To) and offset temperature (Tf) in the melting endotherms (76.99 °C) as compared to EIE-HOS (68.65 °C), and may offer more intensive cooling sensation and flavor release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Ming Kok
- Unit of Research on Lipids (URL), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cheng-Hock Chuah
- Unit of Research on Lipids (URL), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sit-Foon Cheng
- Unit of Research on Lipids (URL), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Sánchez DA, Tonetto GM, Ferreira ML. Screening of Lipases with Unusual High Activity in the sn-2 Esterification of 1,3-Dicaprin under Mild Operating Conditions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:5010-5017. [PMID: 28573851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the synthesis of acylglycerides with high nutritional value was carried out by enzymatic esterification at sn-2 position of 1,3-dicaprin with palmitic acid. A comparative study of the performance of several biocatalysts according to the obtained products was carried out. The results obtained with several of the biocatalysts evaluated are very interesting, and it would be possible to use them to obtain a mixture of acylglycerides to act as a fat substitute. The final product was composed of about 90% of nutritionally attractive glycerides. These glycerides were medium-chain length triglycerides, medium-long chain triglycerides (mainly triglycerides with medium chain fatty acids at sn-1 and sn-3 positions and long chain fatty acid at sn-2 position), and 1,3-diglycerides. Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase and Burkholderia cepacia lipase immobilized on chitosan demonstrated unusual high activity in the sn-2 esterification of 1,3-dicaprin with palmitic acid at 45 °C and 12 h with 33% yield to 1,3-dicaproyl-2-palmitoyl glycerol. Burkholderia cepacia lipase has the advantage of being immobilized; however, BCL/chitosan has the advantages of being immobilized and therefore its easy recovery from the reaction media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alberto Sánchez
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET , Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, CC 717, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Marta Tonetto
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET , Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, CC 717, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - María Luján Ferreira
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET , Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, CC 717, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Nicolás P, Lassalle VL, Ferreira ML. Quantification of immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) using ICP-AES combined with Bradford method. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 97:97-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Kim BH, Akoh CC. Recent Research Trends on the Enzymatic Synthesis of Structured Lipids. J Food Sci 2015; 80:C1713-24. [PMID: 26189491 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Structured lipids (SLs) are lipids that have been chemically or enzymatically modified from their natural biosynthetic form. Because SLs are made to possess desired nutritional, physicochemical, or textural properties for various applications in the food industry, many research activities have been aimed at their commercialization. The production of SLs by enzymatic procedures has a great potential in the future market because of the specificity of lipases and phospholipases used as the biocatalysts. The aim of this review is to provide concise information on the recent research trends on the enzymatic synthesis of SLs of commercial interest, such as medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols, human milk fat substitutes, cocoa butter equivalents, trans-free or low-trans plastic fats (such as margarines and shortenings), low-calorie fats/oils, health-beneficial fatty acid-rich fats/oils, mono- or diacylglycerols, and structurally modified phospholipids. This limited review covers 108 research articles published between 2010 and 2014 which were searched in Web of Science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Hee Kim
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang Univ, Anseong, 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Casimir C Akoh
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, The Univ. of Georgia, Food Science Building, Athens, GA, 30602-2610, U.S.A
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Study of a new spectrophotometric end-point assay for lipase activity determination in aqueous media. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hou C, Zhu H, Wu D, Li Y, Hou K, Jiang Y, Li Y. Immobilized lipase on macroporous polystyrene modified by PAMAM-dendrimer and their enzymatic hydrolysis. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yanık DK, Keskin H, Fadıloğlu S, Göğüş F. Acidolysis Reaction of Terebinth Fruit Oil with Palmitic and Caprylic Acids to Produce Low Caloric Spreadable Structured Lipid. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-013-2250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Keskin H, Koçak D, Göğüş F, Fadıloğlu S. Enzymatic acidolysis of triolein with palmitic and caprylic acids: Optimization of reaction parameters by response surface methodology. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2012. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.011012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Lee YY, Tang TK, Lai OM. Health Benefits, Enzymatic Production, and Application of Medium- and Long-Chain Triacylglycerol (MLCT) in Food Industries: A Review. J Food Sci 2012; 77:R137-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02793.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Acidolysis of tripalmitin with capric acid using Nb2O5 and MgO as heterogeneous catalysis. CATAL COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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