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Kozaka S, Wakabayashi R, Kamiya N, Goto M. Lyotropic liquid crystal-based transcutaneous peptide delivery system: Evaluation of skin permeability and potential for transcutaneous vaccination. Acta Biomater 2022; 138:273-284. [PMID: 34774785 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Transcutaneous drug delivery is a promising method in terms of drug repositioning and reformulation because of its non-invasive and easy-to-use features. To overcome the skin barrier, which is the biggest challenge in transcutaneous drug delivery, a number of techniques, such as microemulsion, solid-in-oil dispersions and liposomes, have been studied extensively. However, the low viscosity of these formulations limits drug retention on the skin and reduces patient acceptability. Although viscosity can be increased by adding a thickening reagent, such an addition often alters formulation nanostructures and drug solubility, and importantly, decreases skin permeability. In this study, a gel-like lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) was used as a tool to enhance skin permeability. In particular, we prepared 1-monolinolein (ML)-based LLCs with different water contents. All LLCs significantly enhanced skin permeation of a peptide drug, an epitope peptide of melanoma, despite their high viscoelasticity. Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopic analysis of the skin surface treated with the LLCs revealed that the gyroid geometry more strongly interacted with the lamellar structure inside the stratum corneum (SC) than the diamond geometry. Finally, as the result of the in vivo tumor challenge experiment using B16F10 melanoma-bearing mice, the LLC with the gyroid geometry showed stronger vaccine effect against tumor than a subcutaneous injection. Collectively, ML-based LLCs, especially with the gyroid geometry, are a promising strategy to deliver biomacromolecules into skin. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Transcutaneous drug delivery is a promising method for drug repositioning and reformulation because of its non-invasive and easy-to-use features. To overcome the skin barrier, which is the biggest challenge in transcutaneous drug delivery, we used a gel-like lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) as a novel tool to enhance skin permeability. In this paper, we demonstrated that an LLC with a specific liquid crystalline structure has the highest skin permeation enhancement effect for a peptide antigen as a model drug. Moreover, the peptide antigen-loaded LLC showed a vaccine effect that was comparable to a subcutaneous injection in vivo. This study provides a basis for designing a transcutaneous delivery system of peptide drugs with LLC.
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Chen W, Kou M, Lin S, Zhong N. Effects of Solvents on the Glycerolysis Performance of the SBA-15 Supported Lipases. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:385-395. [PMID: 33658468 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB), Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML) and Lecitase® Ultra (LU) were immobilized onto the mesoporous silica SBA-15. The glycerolysis performance of the obtained supported lipases (lipase@SBA-15) in solvent systems was carefully investigated. LU@SBA-15 exhibited good glycerolysis performance in solvent-free system, with diacylglycerols (DAG) content and triacylglycerols (TAG) conversion at 52.4 and 98.6% respectively obtained after 12 h reaction at 60°C. CALB@SBA-15 showed good glycerolysis activity in tert-pentanol and tert-butanol systems, with TAG conversion over 90% obtained. In addition, the present CALB@SBA-15 exhibited selectivity for monoacylglycerols (MAG) production, with glycerol to TAG molar ratio increased to 3:1, MAG content over 80% and TAG conversion over 99% could be obtained from both tert-pentanol and tert-butanol systems. However, RML@SBA-15 showed low glycerolysis activity neither in solvent nor in solvent-free systems. The present results favor the practical enzymatic design for MAG and DAG production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Chen
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Maomao Kou
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Shaoyan Lin
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Nanjing Zhong
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
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Liu X, Shi W, Xu L, Yang B, Liao S, Lan D, Wang W, Wang Y. Two-step enzymatic synthesis of α-linolenic acid-enriched diacylglycerols with high purities from silkworm pupae oil. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:627-634. [PMID: 33159545 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02471-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, α-linolenic acid-enriched diacylglycerols (ALA-DAGs) were prepared via a two-step enzymatic way by combi-lipase using silkworm pupae oils as substrates. Firstly, several factors including temperature, mass ratio of water to oil, pH and enzyme loading were optimized for the hydrolysis of silkworm pupae oil. The maximum fatty acid content (96.51%) was obtained under the conditions: temperature 40 °C, water/oil 3:2 (w/w), pH 7, lipase TL100L loading 400 U/g, lipase PCL loading 30 U/g. Then, ALA was enriched by urea inclusion, with an increased ALA content of 82.50% being obtained. Secondly, the ALA-enriched silkworm pupae DAG oil (SPDO) was prepared by lipase PCL-catalyzed esterification reaction. After molecular distillation, the final SPDO product contained contents of DAGs (97.01%) and ALA (82.50%). This two-step enzymatic way for production of ALA-DAGs was successfully applied in a 100-fold scale-up reaction. Overall, our study provides a promising way for the preparation of ALA-DAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Long Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Sentai Liao
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Dongming Lan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Weifei Wang
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510610, China.
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Nitbani FO, Tjitda PJP, Nurohmah BA, Wogo HE. Preparation of Fatty Acid and Monoglyceride from Vegetable Oil. J Oleo Sci 2020; 69:277-295. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Febri Odel Nitbani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Nusa Cendana University
| | | | - Beta Achromi Nurohmah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada
| | - Hermania Em Wogo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Nusa Cendana University
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Chen F, Zhang G, Liu C, Zhang J, Zhao F, Xu B. Highly Selective Synthesis of Monolaurin via Enzymatic Transesterification under Batch and Continuous Flow Conditions. J Oleo Sci 2019; 68:1125-1132. [PMID: 31611516 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the highly selective production of monolaurin via enzymatic transesterification of methyl laurate and glycerol. It was determined that a binary solvent system (tert-butanol/iso-propanol, 20:80, wt./wt.) was suitable for the enzymatic production of monolaurin, especially in the continuous process. The highest mass fraction of monolaurin in the product mixture (80.8 wt.%) was achieved in a batch mode under the following conditions: a methyl laurate-to-glycerol molar ratio of 1:6, a substrate concentration (methyl laurate in the binary solvent) of 15 wt.%, an enzyme dosage of 6 wt.% of the amount of methyl laurate, and a reaction time of 1.5 h at 50°C. Compared with the results under the batch conditions, a slightly higher yield of monolaurin (82.5 ± 2.5 wt.%) was obtained in a continuous flow system at a flow rate of 0.1 mL/min, while the mass fraction of dilaurin in the product mixture was only 0.7 ± 0.6 wt.%. In addition, the yield of monolaurin remained almost unchanged during the 18 tested days of the continuous experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Chen
- School of Light Industry Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University
| | - Guiju Zhang
- School of Light Industry Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University
| | - Changyao Liu
- School of Light Industry Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University
| | - Jieying Zhang
- School of Light Industry Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University
| | - Feifei Zhao
- School of Light Industry Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University
| | - Baocai Xu
- School of Light Industry Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University
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Solaesa ÁG, Sanz MT, Falkeborg M, Beltrán S, Guo Z. Production and concentration of monoacylglycerols rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by enzymatic glycerolysis and molecular distillation. Food Chem 2015. [PMID: 26213062 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Production of monoacylglycerols (MAGs) rich in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) was conducted through short path distillation (SPD) of an acylglycerol mixture (containing 67% MAGs) produced by enzymatic glycerolysis of sardine oil with glycerol. A stepwise SPD process in a UIC KDL 5 system (vacuum 10(-3)mbar, feeding flow 1.0 mL/min) was proceeded: the first distillation performed at evaporator temperature (TE) of 110 °C to remove glycerol completely and most of FFAs; and the second distillation at optimized TE 155 °C; resulting in a stream distillate with 91% purity and 94% overall recovery of MAGs. This work also demonstrated that SPD is able to concentrate n-3 PUFAs in MAG form by distilling at proper TE e.g. 125 °C, where n-3 PUFAs are concentrated in the residues. Moreover, this work mapped out a complete processing diagram for scalable production of n-3 PUFAs enriched MAGs as potential food emulsifier and ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela García Solaesa
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science (Chemical Engineering Section), Pza. Misael Bañuelos, s/n, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - María Teresa Sanz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science (Chemical Engineering Section), Pza. Misael Bañuelos, s/n, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
| | - Mia Falkeborg
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sagrario Beltrán
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science (Chemical Engineering Section), Pza. Misael Bañuelos, s/n, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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A novel mono- and diacylglycerol lipase highly expressed in Pichia pastoris and its application for food emulsifier preparation. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Towards regioselective enzymatic hydrolysis and glycerolysis of tricaprylin in miniemulsion and the direct preparation of polyurethane from the hydrolysis products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Production of Diacylglycerol-Mixture of Regioisomers with High Purity by Two-Step Enzymatic Reactions Combined with Molecular Distillation. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-013-2365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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