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Kuddus M, Roohi, Bano N, Sheik GB, Joseph B, Hamid B, Sindhu R, Madhavan A. Cold-active microbial enzymes and their biotechnological applications. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14467. [PMID: 38656876 PMCID: PMC11042537 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms known as psychrophiles/psychrotrophs, which survive in cold climates, constitute majority of the biosphere on Earth. Their capability to produce cold-active enzymes along with other distinguishing characteristics allows them to survive in the cold environments. Due to the relative ease of large-scale production compared to enzymes from plants and animals, commercial uses of microbial enzyme are alluring. The ocean depths, polar, and alpine regions, which make up over 85% of the planet, are inhabited to cold ecosystems. Microbes living in these regions are important for their metabolic contribution to the ecosphere as well as for their enzymes, which may have potential industrial applications. Cold-adapted microorganisms are a possible source of cold-active enzymes that have high catalytic efficacy at low and moderate temperatures at which homologous mesophilic enzymes are not active. Cold-active enzymes can be used in a variety of biotechnological processes, including food processing, additives in the detergent and food industries, textile industry, waste-water treatment, biopulping, environmental bioremediation in cold climates, biotransformation, and molecular biology applications with great potential for energy savings. Genetically manipulated strains that are suitable for producing a particular cold-active enzyme would be crucial in a variety of industrial and biotechnological applications. The potential advantage of cold-adapted enzymes will probably lead to a greater annual market than for thermo-stable enzymes in the near future. This review includes latest updates on various microbial source of cold-active enzymes and their biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Kuddus
- Department of Biochemistry, College of MedicineUniversity of HailHailSaudi Arabia
| | - Roohi
- Protein Research Laboratory, Department of BioengineeringIntegral UniversityLucknowIndia
| | - Naushin Bano
- Protein Research Laboratory, Department of BioengineeringIntegral UniversityLucknowIndia
| | | | - Babu Joseph
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical SciencesShaqra UniversityShaqraSaudi Arabia
| | - Burhan Hamid
- Center of Research for DevelopmentUniversity of KashmirSrinagarIndia
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food TechnologyTKM Institute of TechnologyKollamKeralaIndia
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- School of BiotechnologyAmrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AmritapuriKollamKeralaIndia
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Wei X, Sui Z, Guo M, Chen S, Zhang Z, Geng J, Xiao J, Huang D. The potential of degrading natural chitinous wastes to oligosaccharides by chitinolytic enzymes from two Talaromyces sp. isolated from rotten insects (Hermetia illucens) under solid state fermentation. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:223-238. [PMID: 36547866 PMCID: PMC9944152 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00882-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is difficult to produce chitin oligosaccharides by hydrolyzing untreated natural chitinous waste directly. In this study, two fungi Talaromyces allahabadensis Hi-4 and Talaromyces funiculosus Hi-5 from rotten black soldier fly were isolated and identified through multigene phylogenetic and morphological analyses. The chitinolytic enzymes were produced by solid state fermentation, and the growth conditions were optimized by combining single-factor and central composite design. The best carbon sources were powder of molting of mealworms (MMP) and there was no need for additional nitrogen sources in two fungi, then the maximum chitinolytic enzyme production of 46.80 ± 3.30 (Hi-4) and 55.07 ± 2.48 (Hi-5) U/gds were achieved after analyzing the 3D response surface plots. Pure chitin (colloidal chitin) and natural chitinous substrates (represented by MMP) were used to optimize degradation abilities by crude enzymes obtained from the two fungi. The optimum temperature for hydrolyzing MMP (40 °C both in two fungi) were lower and closer to room temperature than colloidal chitin (55 °C for Hi-4 and 45 °C for Hi-5). Then colloidal chitin, MMP and the powder of shrimp shells (SSP) were used for analyzing the products after 5-day degradation. The amounts of chitin oligosaccharides from SSP and MMP were about 1/6 (Hi-4), 1/17 (Hi-5) and 1/8 (Hi-4), 1/10 (Hi-5), respectively, in comparison to colloidal chitin. The main components of the products were GlcNAc for colloidal chitin, (GlcNAc)2 for MMP, and oligosaccharides with higher degree of polymerization (4-6) were obtained when hydrolyzing SSP, which is significant for applications in medicine and health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunfan Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhuoxiao Sui
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mengyuan Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Sicong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zongqi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jin Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jinhua Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Dawei Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Ghattavi S, Homaei A. Marine enzymes: Classification and application in various industries. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123136. [PMID: 36621739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oceans are regarded as a plentiful and sustainable source of biological compounds. Enzymes are a group of marine biomaterials that have recently drawn more attention because they are produced in harsh environmental conditions such as high salinity, extensive pH, a wide temperature range, and high pressure. Hence, marine-derived enzymes are capable of exhibiting remarkable properties due to their unique composition. In this review, we overviewed and discussed characteristics of marine enzymes as well as the sources of marine enzymes, ranging from primitive organisms to vertebrates, and presented the importance, advantages, and challenges of using marine enzymes with a summary of their applications in a variety of industries. Current biotechnological advancements need the study of novel marine enzymes that could be applied in a variety of ways. Resources of marine enzyme can benefit greatly for biotechnological applications duo to their biocompatible, ecofriendly and high effectiveness. It is beneficial to use the unique characteristics offered by marine enzymes to either develop new processes and products or improve existing ones. As a result, marine-derived enzymes have promising potential and are an excellent candidate for a variety of biotechnology applications and a future rise in the use of marine enzymes is to be anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Ghattavi
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
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Polyextremophilic Chitinolytic Activity by a Marine Strain (IG119) of Clonostachys rosea. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030688. [PMID: 35163952 PMCID: PMC8838608 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The investigation for novel unique extremozymes is a valuable business for which the marine environment has been overlooked. The marine fungus Clonostachys rosea IG119 was tested for growth and chitinolytic enzyme production at different combinations of salinity and pH using response surface methodology. RSM modelling predicted best growth in-between pH 3.0 and 9.0 and at salinity of 0-40‱, and maximum enzyme activity (411.137 IU/L) at pH 6.4 and salinity 0‱; however, quite high production (>390 IU/L) was still predicted at pH 4.5-8.5. The highest growth and activity were obtained, respectively, at pH 4.0 and 8.0, in absence of salt. The crude enzyme was tested at different salinities (0-120‱) and pHs (2.0-13.0). The best activity was achieved at pH 4.0, but it was still high (in-between 3.0 and 12.0) at pH 2.0 and 13.0. Salinity did not affect the activity in all tested conditions. Overall, C. rosea IG119 was able to grow and produce chitinolytic enzymes under polyextremophilic conditions, and its crude enzyme solution showed more evident polyextremophilic features. The promising chitinolytic activity of IG119 and the peculiar characteristics of its chitinolytic enzymes could be suitable for several biotechnological applications (i.e., degradation of salty chitin-rich materials and biocontrol of spoiling organisms, possibly solving some relevant environmental issues).
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Varrella S, Barone G, Tangherlini M, Rastelli E, Dell’Anno A, Corinaldesi C. Diversity, Ecological Role and Biotechnological Potential of Antarctic Marine Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7050391. [PMID: 34067750 PMCID: PMC8157204 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Antarctic Ocean is one of the most remote and inaccessible environments on our planet and hosts potentially high biodiversity, being largely unexplored and undescribed. Fungi have key functions and unique physiological and morphological adaptations even in extreme conditions, from shallow habitats to deep-sea sediments. Here, we summarized information on diversity, the ecological role, and biotechnological potential of marine fungi in the coldest biome on Earth. This review also discloses the importance of boosting research on Antarctic fungi as hidden treasures of biodiversity and bioactive molecules to better understand their role in marine ecosystem functioning and their applications in different biotechnological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Varrella
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Giulio Barone
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies, National Research Council (IRBIM-CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Michael Tangherlini
- Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica “Anton Dohrn”, Fano Marine Centre, Viale Adriatico 1-N, 61032 Fano, Italy;
| | - Eugenio Rastelli
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica “Anton Dohrn”, Fano Marine Centre, Viale Adriatico 1-N, 61032 Fano, Italy;
| | - Antonio Dell’Anno
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Corinaldesi
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (C.C.)
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Rojas-Osnaya J, Rocha-Pino Z, Nájera H, González-Márquez H, Shirai K. Novel transglycosylation activity of β-N-acetylglucosaminidase of Lecanicillium lecanii produced by submerged culture. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 145:759-767. [PMID: 31887380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pasqualetti M, Barghini P, Giovannini V, Fenice M. High Production of Chitinolytic Activity in Halophilic Conditions by a New Marine Strain of Clonostachys rosea. Molecules 2019; 24:E1880. [PMID: 31100818 PMCID: PMC6571954 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-eight fungal strains have been isolated from different natural marine substrates and plate screened for their production of chitinolytic activity. The two apparent best producers, Trichoderma lixii IG127 and Clonostachys rosea IG119, were screened in shaken cultures in media containing 1% colloidal chitin, 1% yeast nitrogen base and 38‰ NaCl, for their ability to produce chitinolytic enzymes under halophilic conditions. In addition, they were tested for optimal growth conditions with respect to pH, salinity and temperature. The Trichoderma strain appeared to be a slight halotolerant fungus, while C. rosea IG119 clearly showed to be a halophilic marine fungus, its optimal growth conditions being very coherent for life in the marine environment (i.e., pH 8.0, salinity 38‰). Due to its high and relatively fast activity (258 U/L after 192 h of growth) accompanied by its halophilic behaviour (growth from 0 to 160‰ of salinity), C. rosea was selected for further studies. In view of possible industrial applications, its medium for chitinolytic enzyme production was optimized by Response Surface Methodology using 1% colloidal chitin and different concentrations of corn step liquor and yeast nitrogen base (0-0.5%). Time course of growth under optimized condition showed that maximum activity (394 U/L) was recorded after 120 h on medium containing Corn Steep Liquor 0.47% and Yeast Nitrogen Base 0.37%. Maximum of productivity (3.3 U/Lh) was recorded at the same incubation time. This was the first study that demonstrated high chitinolytic activity in a marine strain of C. rosea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Pasqualetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
- Laboratorio di Ecologia dei Funghi Marini, CoNISMa, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Paolo Barghini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Valeria Giovannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Fenice
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia Marina Applicata, CoNISMa, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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Kumar M, Brar A, Vivekanand V, Pareek N. Process optimization, purification and characterization of a novel acidic, thermostable chitinase from Humicola grisea. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:931-938. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Microbial and viral chitinases: Attractive biopesticides for integrated pest management. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:818-838. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Duarte AWF, Dos Santos JA, Vianna MV, Vieira JMF, Mallagutti VH, Inforsato FJ, Wentzel LCP, Lario LD, Rodrigues A, Pagnocca FC, Pessoa Junior A, Durães Sette L. Cold-adapted enzymes produced by fungi from terrestrial and marine Antarctic environments. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:600-619. [PMID: 29228814 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1379468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antarctica is the coldest, windiest, and driest continent on Earth. In this sense, microorganisms that inhabit Antarctica environments have to be adapted to harsh conditions. Fungal strains affiliated with Ascomycota and Basidiomycota phyla have been recovered from terrestrial and marine Antarctic samples. They have been used for the bioprospecting of molecules, such as enzymes. Many reports have shown that these microorganisms produce cold-adapted enzymes at low or mild temperatures, including hydrolases (e.g. α-amylase, cellulase, chitinase, glucosidase, invertase, lipase, pectinase, phytase, protease, subtilase, tannase, and xylanase) and oxidoreductases (laccase and superoxide dismutase). Most of these enzymes are extracellular and their production in the laboratory has been carried out mainly under submerged culture conditions. Several studies showed that the cold-adapted enzymes exhibit a wide range in optimal pH (1.0-9.0) and temperature (10.0-70.0 °C). A myriad of methods have been applied for cold-adapted enzyme purification, resulting in purification factors and yields ranging from 1.70 to 1568.00-fold and 0.60 to 86.20%, respectively. Additionally, some fungal cold-adapted enzymes have been cloned and expressed in host organisms. Considering the enzyme-producing ability of microorganisms and the properties of cold-adapted enzymes, fungi recovered from Antarctic environments could be a prolific genetic resource for biotechnological processes (industrial and environmental) carried out at low or mild temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysson Wagner Fernandes Duarte
- a Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca , Arapiraca , Brazil.,b Divisão de Recursos Microbianos , Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Paulínia , Brazil
| | - Juliana Aparecida Dos Santos
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Marina Vitti Vianna
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Juliana Maíra Freitas Vieira
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Vitor Hugo Mallagutti
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Fabio José Inforsato
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Lia Costa Pinto Wentzel
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Luciana Daniela Lario
- d Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Universidad Nacional de Rosario , Rosario , Argentina.,e Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica , Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Andre Rodrigues
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Fernando Carlos Pagnocca
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa Junior
- e Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica , Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Lara Durães Sette
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
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Berini F, Presti I, Beltrametti F, Pedroli M, Vårum KM, Pollegioni L, Sjöling S, Marinelli F. Production and characterization of a novel antifungal chitinase identified by functional screening of a suppressive-soil metagenome. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:16. [PMID: 28137256 PMCID: PMC5282697 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Through functional screening of a fosmid library, generated from a phytopathogen-suppressive soil metagenome, the novel antifungal chitinase—named Chi18H8 and belonging to family 18 glycosyl hydrolases—was previously discovered. The initial extremely low yield of Chi18H8 recombinant production and purification from Escherichia coli cells (21 μg/g cell) limited its characterization, thus preventing further investigation on its biotechnological potential. Results We report on how we succeeded in producing hundreds of milligrams of pure and biologically active Chi18H8 by developing and scaling up to a high-yielding, 30 L bioreactor process, based on a novel method of mild solubilization of E. coli inclusion bodies in lactic acid aqueous solution, coupled with a single step purification by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Chi18H8 was characterized as a Ca2+-dependent mesophilic chitobiosidase, active on chitin substrates at acidic pHs and possessing interesting features, such as solvent tolerance, long-term stability in acidic environment and antifungal activity against the phytopathogens Fusarium graminearum and Rhizoctonia solani. Additionally, Chi18H8 was found to operate according to a non-processive endomode of action on a water-soluble chitin-like substrate. Conclusions Expression screening of a metagenomic library may allow access to the functional diversity of uncultivable microbiota and to the discovery of novel enzymes useful for biotechnological applications. A persisting bottleneck, however, is the lack of methods for large scale production of metagenome-sourced enzymes from genes of unknown origin in the commonly used microbial hosts. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a novel metagenome-sourced enzyme produced in hundreds-of-milligram amount by recovering the protein in the biologically active form from recombinant E. coli inclusion bodies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0634-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Berini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy. .,"The Protein Factory Research Center", Politecnico di Milano and University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Presti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,"The Protein Factory Research Center", Politecnico di Milano and University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Chemo Biosynthesis, Corana, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Kjell M Vårum
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,"The Protein Factory Research Center", Politecnico di Milano and University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Sara Sjöling
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Flavia Marinelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,"The Protein Factory Research Center", Politecnico di Milano and University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Fu X, Yan Q, Wang J, Yang S, Jiang Z. Purification and biochemical characterization of novel acidic chitinase from Paenicibacillus barengoltzii. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:973-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Villa-Lerma G, González-Márquez H, Gimeno M, Trombotto S, David L, Ifuku S, Shirai K. Enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin pretreated by rapid depressurization from supercritical 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane toward highly acetylated oligosaccharides. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 209:180-186. [PMID: 26970920 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of chitin treated under supercritical conditions was successfully carried out using chitinases obtained by an optimized fermentation of the fungus Lecanicillium lecanii. The biopolymer was subjected to a pretreatment based on suspension in supercritical 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (scR134a), which possesses a critical temperature and pressure of 101°C and 40bar, respectively, followed by rapid depressurization to atmospheric pressure and further fibrillation. This methodology was compared to control untreated chitins and chitin subjected to steam explosion showing improved production of reducing sugars (0.18mg/mL), enzymatic hydrolysis and high acetylation (FA of 0.45) in products with degrees of polymerization between 2 and 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Villa-Lerma
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Biotechnology Department, Laboratory of Biopolymers and Pilot Plant of Bioprocessing of Agro-Industrial and Food By-Products, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340, Iztapalapa, México City, Mexico
| | - Humberto González-Márquez
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Biotechnology Department, Laboratory of Biopolymers and Pilot Plant of Bioprocessing of Agro-Industrial and Food By-Products, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340, Iztapalapa, México City, Mexico
| | - Miquel Gimeno
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Stéphane Trombotto
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères IMP@Lyon1, UMR CNRS 5223, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 15 bd A. Latarjet, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Laurent David
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères IMP@Lyon1, UMR CNRS 5223, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 15 bd A. Latarjet, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Shinsuke Ifuku
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, Koyamacho-minami 4-101, Tottori City, Tottori Prefecture 680-8550, Japan
| | - Keiko Shirai
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Biotechnology Department, Laboratory of Biopolymers and Pilot Plant of Bioprocessing of Agro-Industrial and Food By-Products, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340, Iztapalapa, México City, Mexico.
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Abrashev R, Feller G, Kostadinova N, Krumova E, Alexieva Z, Gerginova M, Spasova B, Miteva-Staleva J, Vassilev S, Angelova M. Production, purification, and characterization of a novel cold-active superoxide dismutase from the Antarctic strain Aspergillus glaucus 363. Fungal Biol 2016; 120:679-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Fenice M. The Psychrotolerant Antarctic Fungus Lecanicillium muscarium CCFEE 5003: A Powerful Producer of Cold-Tolerant Chitinolytic Enzymes. Molecules 2016; 21:447. [PMID: 27058517 PMCID: PMC6273617 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lecanicillium muscarium CCFEE 5003, isolated in Continental Antarctica, is a powerful producer of extracellular cold-tolerant enzymes. Chitin-hydrolyzing enzymes seems to be the principal extracellular catalytic activities of this psychrotolerant fungus. The production of chitinolytic activities is induced by chitin and other polysaccharides and is submitted to catabolite repression. The chitinolytic system of L. muscarium consists of a number of different proteins having various molecular weights and diverse biochemical characteristics, but their most significant trait is the marked cold-tolerance. L. muscarium and selected strains of the biocontrol agent of pathogenic fungi Trichoderma harzianum, have been compared for their ability to produce chitinolytic enzymes at different temperatures. At low temperatures the Antarctic strain was definitely much more efficient. Moreover, the fungus was able to exert a strong mycoparasitic action against various other fungi and oomycetes at low temperatures. The parasitic role of this organism appeared related to the production of cell wall degrading enzymes being the release of extracellular chitinolytic enzymes a key event in the mycoparasitic process. Due to the mentioned characteristics, L. muscarium could have an important role for potential applications such as the degradation of chitin-rich materials at low temperature and the biocontrol of pathogenic organisms in cold environments. For these reasons and in view of future industrial application, the production of chitinolytic enzymes by the Antarctic fungus has been up-scaled and optimised in bench-top bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Fenice
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, University of Tuscia, Largo Università snc, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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16
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Kitching M, Ramani M, Marsili E. Fungal biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles: mechanism and scale up. Microb Biotechnol 2014. [PMID: 25154648 DOI: 10.1111/1751–7915.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are a widespread research tool because of their oxidation resistance, biocompatibility and stability. Chemical methods for AuNP synthesis often produce toxic residues that raise environmental concern. On the other hand, the biological synthesis of AuNPs in viable microorganisms and their cell-free extracts is an environmentally friendly and low-cost process. In general, fungi tolerate higher metal concentrations than bacteria and secrete abundant extracellular redox proteins to reduce soluble metal ions to their insoluble form and eventually to nanocrystals. Fungi harbour untapped biological diversity and may provide novel metal reductases for metal detoxification and bioreduction. A thorough understanding of the biosynthetic mechanism of AuNPs in fungi is needed to reduce the time of biosynthesis and to scale up the AuNP production process. In this review, we describe the known mechanisms for AuNP biosynthesis in viable fungi and fungal protein extracts and discuss the most suitable bioreactors for industrial AuNP biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kitching
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Meghana Ramani
- Center for Materials science and Nano Devices, Department of Physics, SRM University, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Enrico Marsili
- Marine and Environmental Sensing Technology Hub, Dublin City University, Dublin, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
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17
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Kitching M, Ramani M, Marsili E. Fungal biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles: mechanism and scale up. Microb Biotechnol 2014; 8:904-17. [PMID: 25154648 PMCID: PMC4621444 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are a widespread research tool because of their oxidation resistance, biocompatibility and stability. Chemical methods for AuNP synthesis often produce toxic residues that raise environmental concern. On the other hand, the biological synthesis of AuNPs in viable microorganisms and their cell-free extracts is an environmentally friendly and low-cost process. In general, fungi tolerate higher metal concentrations than bacteria and secrete abundant extracellular redox proteins to reduce soluble metal ions to their insoluble form and eventually to nanocrystals. Fungi harbour untapped biological diversity and may provide novel metal reductases for metal detoxification and bioreduction. A thorough understanding of the biosynthetic mechanism of AuNPs in fungi is needed to reduce the time of biosynthesis and to scale up the AuNP production process. In this review, we describe the known mechanisms for AuNP biosynthesis in viable fungi and fungal protein extracts and discuss the most suitable bioreactors for industrial AuNP biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kitching
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Meghana Ramani
- Center for Materials science and Nano Devices, Department of Physics, SRM University, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Enrico Marsili
- Marine and Environmental Sensing Technology Hub, Dublin City University, Dublin, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
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18
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Cultivating conditions optimization of the anaerobic digestion of corn ethanol distillery residuals using response surface methodology. OPEN CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-014-0542-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis study investigated the individual and interactive effects of three factors — temperature, inoculum/substrate ratio (ISR) and inoculum typology — on the anaerobic digestion of corn ethanol distillery wastewater. Biochemical methane potential assays planned with factorial design with two independent quantitative variables on three levels (ISR: 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1; temperature: 30°C, 33.5°C, 37°C) and one independent qualitative variable (inoculum type: suspended, granular, mixed) have been performed. Response Surface Methodology has been used to study the effect of the factors with the aim of maximizing the specific methane yields (YCH4) obtainable with this substrate. The results show that all three investigated factors influence in a significant matter the YCH4, the ISR having the strongest effect on it. The temperature has significant influence on the YCH4 only in combination with high ISR values. The optimal conditions for the maximum YCH4 (551 mL CH4 g−1 VSadded) have been found at 37°C operating temperature, ISR=3:1 and using granular inoculum. These conditions gave rise to a 4-fold increase of YCH4 with respect to the worst combination of factors (YCH4=129 mL g−1 VSadded for the suspended inoculum type, at 30°C and ISR=1:1). The results improve the knowledge on the digestion of this substrate, providing information for successful process up-scaling.
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