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Castillo-Corujo A, Saaranen MJ, Ruddock LW. Cytoplasmic production of Fabs in chemically defined media in fed-batch fermentation. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 215:106404. [PMID: 37979630 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Fragment of antigen-binding region (Fab) of antibodies are important biomolecules, with a broad spectrum of functionality in the biomedical field. While full length antibodies are usually produced in mammalian cells, the smaller size, lack of N-glycosylation and less complex structure of Fabs make production in microbial cell factories feasible. Since Fabs contain disulfide bonds, such production is often done in the periplasm, but there the formation of the inter-molecular disulfide bond between light and heavy chains can be problematic. Here we studied the use of the CyDisCo system (cytoplasmic disulfide bond formation in E. coli) to express two Fabs (Herceptin and Maa48) in the cytoplasm of E. coli in fed-batch fermentation using a generic chemically defined media. We were able to solubly express both Fabs with purified yields of 565 mg/L (Maa48) and 660 mg/L (Herceptin) from low density fermentation. Both proteins exhibited CD spectra consistent with natively folded protein and both were biologically active. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration of high-level production of biological active Fabs in the cytoplasm of E. coli in industrially relevant fermentation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirva J Saaranen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lloyd W Ruddock
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Challenges in Expression and Purification of Functional Fab Fragments in E. coli: Current Strategies and Perspectives. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8040175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microbial host systems remain the most efficient and cost-effective chassis for biotherapeutics production. Escherichia coli is often the preferred host due to ease of cloning, scale-up, high product yields, and most importantly, cost-effective cultivation. E. coli often experience difficulties in producing biologically active therapeutics such as Fab fragments, which require protein folding and subsequent three-dimensional structure development. This paper outlines the recent improvements in upstream and downstream unit operations for producing Fab fragments in E. coli. Monoclonal antibody fragments (Fab) are a rising class of biotherapeutics and their production has been optimised using coexpression of molecular chaperones such as DsbC or DnaK–DnaJ–GrpE, as well as strain engineering for post-translational modifications such as disulphide bridging. Different media systems such as EnBase and combining nitrogen source supplementation with low-temperature cultivation have resulted in improvement in cell integrity, protein expression, and protein refolding. The recovery of native proteins from insoluble inclusion bodies can be improved by adjusting refolding conditions, as well as by incorporating multimodal and affinity chromatography for achieving high product yields in purification. Recent developments summarised in this review may tune the E. coli expression system to produce more complex and glycosylated proteins for therapeutic use in the near future.
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Chen H, Chen JS, Paerhati P, Jakos T, Bai SY, Zhu JW, Yuan YS. Strategies and Applications of Antigen-Binding Fragment (Fab) Production in Escherichia coli. PHARMACEUTICAL FRONTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWith the advancement of genetic engineering, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have made far-reaching progress in the treatment of various human diseases. However, due to the high cost of production, the increasing demands for antibody-based therapies have not been fully met. Currently, mAb-derived alternatives, such as antigen-binding fragments (Fab), single-chain variable fragments, bispecifics, nanobodies, and conjugated mAbs have emerged as promising new therapeutic modalities. They can be readily prepared in bacterial systems with well-established fermentation technology and ease of manipulation, leading to the reduction of overall cost. This review aims to shed light on the strategies to improve the expression, purification, and yield of Fab fragments in Escherichia coli expression systems, as well as current advances in the applications of Fab fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Sheng Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Pameila Paerhati
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tanja Jakos
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yi Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Wei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Sheng Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Sandomenico A, Sivaccumar JP, Ruvo M. Evolution of Escherichia coli Expression System in Producing Antibody Recombinant Fragments. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176324. [PMID: 32878291 PMCID: PMC7504322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies and antibody-derived molecules are continuously developed as both therapeutic agents and key reagents for advanced diagnostic investigations. Their application in these fields has indeed greatly expanded the demand of these molecules and the need for their production in high yield and purity. While full-length antibodies require mammalian expression systems due to the occurrence of functionally and structurally important glycosylations, most antibody fragments and antibody-like molecules are non-glycosylated and can be more conveniently prepared in E. coli-based expression platforms. We propose here an updated survey of the most effective and appropriate methods of preparation of antibody fragments that exploit E. coli as an expression background and review the pros and cons of the different platforms available today. Around 250 references accompany and complete the review together with some lists of the most important new antibody-like molecules that are on the market or are being developed as new biotherapeutics or diagnostic agents.
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Kim AH, Lee S, Jeon S, Kim GT, Lee EJ, Kim D, Kim Y, Park TS. Addition of an N-Terminal Poly-Glutamate Fusion Tag Improves Solubility and Production of Recombinant TAT-Cre Recombinase in Escherichia coli. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:109-117. [PMID: 31693834 PMCID: PMC9728232 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1909.09028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cre recombinase is widely used to manipulate DNA sequences for both in vitro and in vivo research. Attachment of a trans-activator of transcription (TAT) sequence to Cre allows TATCre to penetrate the cell membrane, and the addition of a nuclear localization signal (NLS) helps the enzyme to translocate into the nucleus. Since the yield of recombinant TAT-Cre is limited by formation of inclusion bodies, we hypothesized that the positively charged arginine-rich TAT sequence causes the inclusion body formation, whereas its neutralization by the addition of a negatively charged sequence improves solubility of the protein. To prove this, we neutralized the positively charged TAT sequence by proximally attaching a negatively charged poly-glutamate (E12) sequence. We found that the E12 tag improved the solubility and yield of E12-TAT-NLS-Cre (E12-TAT-Cre) compared with those of TAT-NLS-Cre (TATCre) when expressed in E. coli. Furthermore, the growth of cells expressing E12-TAT-Cre was increased compared with that of the cells expressing TAT-Cre. Efficacy of the purified TATCre was confirmed by a recombination test on a floxed plasmid in a cell-free system and 293 FT cells. Taken together, our results suggest that attachment of the E12 sequence to TAT-Cre improves its solubility during expression in E. coli (possibly by neutralizing the ionic-charge effects of the TAT sequence) and consequently increases the yield. This method can be applied to the production of transducible proteins for research and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Gachon University, Sungnam 320, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Department of Research and Development, LumiMac, Inc., Seoul 05844, Republic of Korea
| | - Suwon Jeon
- Department of Life Sciences, Gachon University, Sungnam 320, Republic of Korea
| | - Goon-Tae Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Gachon University, Sungnam 320, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jig Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 0722, Republic of Korea
| | - Daham Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 0722, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggyu Kim
- Department of Research and Development, LumiMac, Inc., Seoul 05844, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Gachon University, Sungnam 320, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-31-750-8824 Fax: +82-31-750-8573 E-mail:
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Fink M, Vazulka S, Egger E, Jarmer J, Grabherr R, Cserjan‐Puschmann M, Striedner G. Microbioreactor Cultivations of Fab‐ProducingEscherichia coliReveal Genome‐Integrated Systems as Suitable for Prospective Studies on Direct Fab Expression Effects. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800637. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Fink
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Production of Next‐Level Biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 18 A‐1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Sophie Vazulka
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Production of Next‐Level Biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 18 A‐1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Esther Egger
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Production of Next‐Level Biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 18 A‐1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Johanna Jarmer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KGDr. Boehringer‐Gasse 5‐11 A‐1120 Vienna Austria
| | - Reingard Grabherr
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Production of Next‐Level Biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 18 A‐1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Monika Cserjan‐Puschmann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Production of Next‐Level Biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 18 A‐1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Gerald Striedner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Production of Next‐Level Biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 18 A‐1190 Vienna Austria
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Sifniotis V, Cruz E, Eroglu B, Kayser V. Current Advancements in Addressing Key Challenges of Therapeutic Antibody Design, Manufacture, and Formulation. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:E36. [PMID: 31544842 PMCID: PMC6640721 DOI: 10.3390/antib8020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibody technology heavily dominates the biologics market and continues to present as a significant industrial interest in developing novel and improved antibody treatment strategies. Many noteworthy advancements in the last decades have propelled the success of antibody development; however, there are still opportunities for improvement. In considering such interest to develop antibody therapies, this review summarizes the array of challenges and considerations faced in the design, manufacture, and formulation of therapeutic antibodies, such as stability, bioavailability and immunological engagement. We discuss the advancement of technologies that address these challenges, highlighting key antibody engineered formats that have been adapted. Furthermore, we examine the implication of novel formulation technologies such as nanocarrier delivery systems for the potential to formulate for pulmonary delivery. Finally, we comprehensively discuss developments in computational approaches for the strategic design of antibodies with modulated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Sifniotis
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Esteban Cruz
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Barbaros Eroglu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Veysel Kayser
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
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Luo M, Zhao M, Cagliero C, Jiang H, Xie Y, Zhu J, Yang H, Zhang M, Zheng Y, Yuan Y, Du Z, Lu H. A general platform for efficient extracellular expression and purification of Fab from Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3341-3353. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09745-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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