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Liang Y, Ji W, Sun X, Hao Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhang W, Bai Y, Qin X, Luo H, Yao B, Su X, Huang H. Production of cello-oligosaccharides from corncob residue by degradation-synthesis reactions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:13. [PMID: 38170309 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The cellulose-rich corncob residue (CCR) is an abundant and renewable agricultural biomass that has been under-exploited. In this study, two strategies were compared for their ability to transform CCR into cello-oligosaccharides (COS). The first strategy employed the use of endo-glucanases. Although selected endo-glucanases from GH9, GH12, GH45, and GH131 could release COS with degrees of polymerization from 2 to 4, the degrading efficiency was low. For the second strategy, first, CCR was efficiently depolymerized to glucose and cellobiose using the cellulase from Trichoderma reesei. Then, using these simple sugars and sucrose as the starting materials, phosphorylases from different microorganisms were combined to generate COS to a level up to 100.3 g/L with different patterns and degrees of polymerization. Using tomato as a model plant, the representative COS obtained from BaSP (a sucrose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium adolescens), CuCbP (a cellobiose phosphorylase from Cellulomonas uda), and CcCdP (a cellodextrin phosphorylase from Clostridium cellulosi) were shown to be able to promote plant growth. The current study pointed to an approach to make use of CCR for production of the value-added COS. KEY POINTS: • Sequential use of cellulase and phosphorylases effectively generated cello-oligosaccharides from corncob residue. • Cello-oligosaccharides patterns varied in accordance to cellobiose/cellodextrin phosphorylases. • Spraying cello-oligosaccharides promoted tomato growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhe Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wangli Ji
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 South Zhongguancun St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xianhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenzhen Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 South Zhongguancun St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yingguo Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huiying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Huoqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
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2
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Muelbaier H, Arthen F, Collins G, Hickler T, Hohberg K, Lehmitz R, Pauchet Y, Pfenninger M, Potapov A, Romahn J, Schaefer I, Scheu S, Schneider C, Ebersberger I, Bálint M. Genomic evidence for the widespread presence of GH45 cellulases among soil invertebrates. Mol Ecol 2024:e17351. [PMID: 38712904 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulose is a major component of vascular plant biomass. Its decomposition is crucial for the terrestrial carbon cycle. Microorganisms are considered primary decomposers, but evidence increases that some invertebrates may also decompose lignocellulose. We investigated the taxonomic distribution and evolutionary origins of GH45 hydrolases, important enzymes for the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose, in a collection of soil invertebrate genomes. We found that these genes are common in springtails and oribatid mites. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that cellulase genes were acquired early in the evolutionary history of these groups. Domain architectures and predicted 3D enzyme structures indicate that these cellulases are functional. Patterns of presence and absence of these genes across different lineages prompt further investigation into their evolutionary and ecological benefits. The ubiquity of cellulase genes suggests that soil invertebrates may play a role in lignocellulose decomposition, independently or in synergy with microorganisms. Understanding the ecological and evolutionary implications might be crucial for understanding soil food webs and the carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Muelbaier
- Applied Bioinformatics Group, Inst. of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Freya Arthen
- Applied Bioinformatics Group, Inst. of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gemma Collins
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Hickler
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Physical Geography, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Karin Hohberg
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany
| | - Ricarda Lehmitz
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany
| | - Yannick Pauchet
- Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Pfenninger
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute for Molecular and Organismic Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anton Potapov
- Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- International Institute Zittau, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Zittau, Germany
| | - Juliane Romahn
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ina Schaefer
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Animal Ecology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Clément Schneider
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany
| | - Ingo Ebersberger
- Applied Bioinformatics Group, Inst. of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Miklós Bálint
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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3
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Okmane L, Fitkin L, Sandgren M, Ståhlberg J. The first crystal structure of a family 45 glycoside hydrolase from a brown-rot fungus, Gloeophyllum trabeum GtCel45A. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:505-514. [PMID: 38311343 PMCID: PMC10909974 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Here we describe the first crystal structure of a beta-1,4-endoglucanase from a brown-rot fungus, Gloeophyllum trabeum GtCel45A, which belongs to subfamily C of glycoside hydrolase family 45 (GH45). GtCel45A is ~ 18 kDa in size and the crystal structure contains 179 amino acids. The structure is refined at 1.30 Å resolution and Rfree 0.18. The enzyme consists of a single catalytic module folded into a six-stranded double-psi beta-barrel domain surrounded by long loops. GtCel45A is very similar in sequence (82% identity) and structure to PcCel45A from the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Surprisingly though, initial hydrolysis of barley beta-glucan was almost twice as fast in GtCel45A as compared to PcCel45A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Okmane
- Department of Molecular SciencesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Louise Fitkin
- Department of Molecular SciencesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department of Molecular SciencesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Jerry Ståhlberg
- Department of Molecular SciencesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
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4
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Gonçalves AL, Cunha PM, da Silva Lima A, Dos Santos JC, Segato F. Production of recombinant lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases and evaluation effect of its addition into Aspergillus fumigatus var. niveus cocktail for sugarcane bagasse saccharification. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2023; 1871:140919. [PMID: 37164048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising alternative for producing biofuels, despite its recalcitrant nature. There are microorganisms in nature capable of efficiently degrade biomass, such as the filamentous fungi. Among them, Aspergillus fumigatus var. niveus (AFUMN) has a wide variety of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), especially hydrolases, but a low number of oxidative enzymes in its genome. To confirm the enzymatic profile of this fungus, this study analyzed the secretome of AFUMN cultured in sugarcane bagasse as the sole carbon source. As expected, the secretome showed a predominance of hydrolytic enzymes compared to oxidative activity. However, it is known that hydrolytic enzymes act in synergy with oxidative proteins to efficiently degrade cellulose polymer, such as the Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases (LPMOs). Thus, three LPMOs from the fungus Thermothelomyces thermophilus (TtLPMO9D, TtLPMO9H, and TtLPMO9O) were selected, heterologous expressed in Aspergillus nidulans, purified, and used to supplement the AFUMN secretome to evaluate their effect on the saccharification of sugarcane bagasse. The saccharification assay was carried out using different concentrations of AFUMN secretome supplemented with recombinant T. thermophilus LPMOs, as well as ascorbic acid as reducing agent for oxidative enzymes. Through a statistic design created by Design-Expert software, we were able to analyze a possible cooperative effect between these components. The results indicated that, in general, the addition of TtLPMO9D and ascorbic acid did not favor the conversion process in this study, while TtLPMO9O had a highly significant cooperative effect in bagasse saccharification compared to the control using only AFUMN secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Larissa Gonçalves
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Macedo Cunha
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Awana da Silva Lima
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Dos Santos
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Segato
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
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5
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Waghmare P, Xu N, Waghmare P, Liu G, Qu Y, Li X, Zhao J. Production and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Eucalyptus Dissolving Pulp Using Endoglucanases from Myceliophthora thermophila. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10676. [PMID: 37445866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoglucanase (EG) is a key enzyme during enzymatic preparation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Myceliophthora thermophila is a thermophilic fungus that has thermal properties and a high secretion of endoglucanases (EGs), and could serve as potential sources of EGs for the preparation of CNCs. In this work, four different GH families (GH5, GH7, GH12, and GH45) of EGs from M. thermophila were expressed and purified, and their enzymatic characteristics and feasibility of application in CNC preparation were investigated. It was shown that the MtEG5A from M. thermophila has good potential in the enzymatic preparation of CNCs using eucalyptus dissolving pulp as feedstock. It was also observed that there was a synergistic effect between the MtEG5A and other MtEGs in the preparation of CNCs, which improved the yield and properties of CNCs obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis. This study provides a reference for understanding the enzymatic characteristics of different families of EGs from M. thermophile and their potential application in nanocellulose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Waghmare
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Pankajkumar Waghmare
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yinbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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6
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Berto GL, Mattos BD, Velasco J, Zhao B, Segato F, Rojas OJ, Arantes V. Endoglucanase effects on energy consumption in mechanical fibrillation of cellulose fibers into nanocelluloses. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125002. [PMID: 37217053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic processing is seen as a promising means of moving toward environment-friendly industrial processes such as the use of endoglucanase (EG) enzyme in the production of nanocellulose. However, the properties that make EG pretreatment effective in the isolation of fibrillated cellulose remain a subject of debate. To address this issue, we considered EGs from four glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families (5, 6, 7 and 12) and investigated the roles of the tri-dimensional structures and catalytic features depending on the presence of a carbohydrate binding module (CBM). By using eucalyptus Kraft wood fibers, we produced cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) using mild enzymatic pretreatment followed by disc ultra-refining. Compared with the control (in the absence of pretreatment), the GH5 and GH12 enzymes (CBM free) reduced the fibrillation energy by approximately 15 %. The most efficient energy reduction, 25 and 32 %, was achieved with GH5 and GH6 linked to CBM, respectively. They improved the rheological properties of the CNF suspensions (noting that neither of these EGs released soluble products). Interestingly, while the hydrolytic activity was significant (released soluble products), GH7-CBM did not lead to a reduction in fibrillation energy. Hence, the large molecular weight and wide cleft of GH7-CBM led to soluble sugar release but contributed little to fibrillation. Our findings suggest that the improved fibrillation observed upon EG pretreatment is not a consequence of hydrolytic activity or release of products but mostly related to efficient adsorption on the substrate and modification of the surface viscoelastic (amorphogenesis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela L Berto
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP 12602-810, Brazil; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Bruno D Mattos
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Josman Velasco
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP 12602-810, Brazil
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Fernando Segato
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP 12602-810, Brazil
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland; Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Valdeir Arantes
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP 12602-810, Brazil.
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7
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Biochemical Characterization of an Endoglucanase GH7 from Thermophile Thermothielavioides terrestris Expressed on Aspergillus nidulans. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoglucanases (EC 3.2.1.4) are important enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of cellulose, acting randomly in the β-1,4-glycosidic bonds present in the amorphous regions of the polysaccharide chain. These biocatalysts have been classified into 14 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families. The GH7 family is of particular interest since it may act on a broad range of substrates, including cellulose, β-glucan, and xylan, an attractive feature for biotechnological applications, especially in the renewable energy field. In the current work, a gene from the thermophilic fungus Thermothielavioides terrestris, encoding an endoglucanase GH7 (TtCel7B), was cloned in the secretion vector pEXPYR and transformed into the high-protein-producing strain Aspergillus nidulans A773. Purified TtCel7B has a molecular weight of approximately 66 kDa, evidenced by SDS-PAGE. Circular dichroism confirmed the high β-strand content consistent with the canonical GH7 family β-jellyroll fold, also observed in the 3D homology model of TtCel7B. Biochemical characterization assays showed that TtCel7B was active over a wide range of pH values (3.5–7.0) and temperatures (45–70 °C), with the highest activity at pH 4.0 and 65 °C. TtCel7B also was stable over a wide range of pH values (3.5–9.0), maintaining more than 80% of its activity after 24 h. The KM and Vmax values in low-viscosity carboxymethylcellulose were 9.3 mg mL−1 and 2.5 × 104 U mg−1, respectively. The results obtained in this work provide a basis for the development of applications of recombinant TtCel7B in the renewable energy field.
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8
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Okmane L, Nestor G, Jakobsson E, Xu B, Igarashi K, Sandgren M, Kleywegt GJ, Ståhlberg J. Glucomannan and beta-glucan degradation by Mytilus edulis Cel45A: Crystal structure and activity comparison with GH45 subfamily A, B and C. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118771. [PMID: 34893216 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic hydrolysis of barley beta-glucan, konjac glucomannan and carboxymethyl cellulose by a β-1,4-D-endoglucanase MeCel45A from blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, which belongs to subfamily B of glycoside hydrolase family 45 (GH45), was compared with GH45 members of subfamilies A (Humicola insolens HiCel45A), B (Trichoderma reesei TrCel45A) and C (Phanerochaete chrysosporium PcCel45A). Furthermore, the crystal structure of MeCel45A is reported. Initial rates and hydrolysis yields were determined by reducing sugar assays and product formation was characterized using NMR spectroscopy. The subfamily B and C enzymes exhibited mannanase activity, whereas the subfamily A member was uniquely able to produce monomeric glucose. All enzymes were confirmed to be inverting glycoside hydrolases. MeCel45A appears to be cold adapted by evolution, as it maintained 70% activity on cellohexaose at 4 °C relative to 30 °C, compared to 35% for TrCel45A. Both enzymes produced cellobiose and cellotetraose from cellohexaose, but TrCel45A additionally produced cellotriose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Okmane
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gustav Nestor
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Jakobsson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bingze Xu
- Center for Surface Biotechnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kiyohiko Igarashi
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerard J Kleywegt
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jerry Ståhlberg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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9
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Mustafa M, Ali L, Islam W, Noman A, Zhou C, Shen L, Zhu T, Can L, Nasif O, Gasparovic K, latif F, Gao J. Heterologous expression and characterization of glycoside hydrolase with its potential applications in hyperthermic environment. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:751-757. [PMID: 35197741 PMCID: PMC8847942 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With the progressive focus on renewable energy via biofuels production from lignocellulosic biomass, cellulases are the key enzymes that play a fundamental role in this regard. This study aims to unravel the characteristics of Thermotoga maritima MSB8 (Tma) (a hyperthermophile from hot springs) thermostable glycoside hydrolase enzyme. Here, a glycoside hydrolase gene of Thermotoga maritima (Tma) was heterologously expressed and characterized. The gene was placed in the pQE-30 expression vector under the T5 promotor, and the construct pQE-30-Gh was then successfully integrated into Escherichia coli BL21 (DH5α) genome by transformation. Sequence of the glycoside hydrolase contained an open reading frame of 2.124 kbp, encoded a polypeptide of 721 amino acid residues. The molecular weight of the recombinant protein estimated was 79 kDa. The glycoside hydrolase was purified by Ni+2-NTA affinity chromatography and its enzymatic activity was investigated. The recombinant enzyme is highly stable within an extreme pH range (2.0–7.0) and highly thermostable at 80 °C for 72 h indicating its viability in hyperthermic environment and acidic nature. Moreover, the Ca2+ and Mn2+ introduction stimulated the residual activity of recombinant enzyme. Conclusively, the thermostable glycoside hydrolase possesses potential to be exploited for industrial applications at hyperthermic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mustafa
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Waqar Islam
- College of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Chengzeng Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Linsong Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Taoting Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Liu Can
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Omaima Nasif
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Medical City, PO Box-2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kristina Gasparovic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A.Hlinku 2, 94976, Slovakia
| | - Farooq latif
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Jiangtao Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Corresponding author at: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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10
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Amengual NG, Csarman F, Wohlschlager L, Ludwig R. Expression and characterization of a family 45 glycosyl hydrolase from Fomitopsis pinicola and comparison to Phanerochaete chrysosporium Cel45A. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 156:110000. [PMID: 35123123 PMCID: PMC7613719 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To efficiently decompose biomass, fungi have developed various enzymatic and non-enzymatic strategies and are a source of versatile biocatalysts. The endoglucanases in glycosyl hydrolase CAZy family 45 (GH45) are known for their small size, a high thermostability and a broad substrate specificity that has been employed in textile and detergent industries. Here we report the heterologous expression and characterisation of an GH45 endoglucanase from the brown rot Fomitopsis pinicola and its direct comparison to an already characterised GH45 from the white rot Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Both enzymes were recombinantly expressed in Pichia pastoris and purified by two chromatographic steps. The biochemical characterisation highlighted the acidophilic character, with an optimal pH of 4, and a preference for amorphous substrates as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and substrates containing β-1,4-glucans rather than the previously reported β-1,3/1,4-glucans lichenan and β-glucan. The dominating products from β-1,4-glucans were C3-C6 oligosaccharides, whereas from β-1,3/1,4-glucans glucose was the main reaction product. From the characterisation no differences between the brown rot and the white rot GH45 was evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Gacias Amengual
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Florian Csarman
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Lena Wohlschlager
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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11
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Huang Z, Ni G, Zhao X, Wang F, Qu M. Characterization of a GH8 β-1,4-Glucanase from Bacillus subtilis B111 and Its Saccharification Potential for Agricultural Straws. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1446-1454. [PMID: 34409950 PMCID: PMC9705894 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2105.05026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we cloned and expressed an endo-β-1,4-glucanase gene (celA1805) from Bacillus subtilis B111 in Escherichia coli. The recombinant celA1805 contains a glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 8 domain and shared 76.8% identity with endo-1,4-β-glucanase from Bacillus sp. KSM-330. Results showed that the optimal pH and temperature of celA1805 were 6.0 and 50°C, respectively, and it was stable at pH 3-9 and temperature ≤50°C. Metal ions slightly affected enzyme activity, but chemical agents generally inhibited enzyme activity. Moreover, celA1805 showed a wide substrate specificity to CMC, barley β-glucan, lichenin, chitosan, PASC and avicel. The Km and Vmax values of celA1805 were 1.78 mg/ml and 50.09 μmol/min/mg. When incubated with cellooligosaccharides ranging from cellotriose to cellopentose, celA1805 mainly hydrolyzed cellotetrose (G4) and cellopentose (G5) to cellose (G2) and cellotriose (G3), but hardly hydrolyzed cellotriose. The concentrations of reducing sugars saccharified by celA1805 from wheat straw, rape straw, rice straw, peanut straw, and corn straw were increased by 0.21, 0.51, 0.26, 0.36, and 0.66 mg/ml, respectively. The results obtained in this study suggest potential applications of celA1805 in biomass saccharification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition of Jiangxi Province, Nutritional Feed Development Engineering Research Center, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, P.R. China
| | - Guorong Ni
- College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, P.R. China,Corresponding author F. Wang Phone/Fax: +86 791 83813459 E-mail:
| | - Mingren Qu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition of Jiangxi Province, Nutritional Feed Development Engineering Research Center, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, P.R. China,
M. Qu E-mail:
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12
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Higasi PMR, Velasco JA, Pellegrini VOA, de Araújo EA, França BA, Keller MB, Labate CA, Blossom BM, Segato F, Polikarpov I. Light-stimulated T. thermophilus two-domain LPMO9H: Low-resolution SAXS model and synergy with cellulases. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117814. [PMID: 33712158 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), monocopper enzymes that oxidatively cleave recalcitrant polysaccharides, have important biotechnological applications. Thermothelomyces thermophilus is a rich source of biomass-active enzymes, including many members from auxiliary activities family 9 LPMOs. Here, we report biochemical and structural characterization of recombinant TtLPMO9H which oxidizes cellulose at the C1 and C4 positions and shows enhanced activity in light-driven catalysis assays. TtLPMO9H also shows activity against xyloglucan. The addition of TtLPMO9H to endoglucanases from four different glucoside hydrolase families (GH5, GH12, GH45 and GH7) revealed that the product formation was remarkably increased when TtLPMO9H was combined with GH7 endoglucanase. Finally, we determind the first low resolution small-angle X-ray scattering model of the two-domain TtLPMO9H in solution that shows relative positions of its two functional domains and a conformation of the linker peptide, which can be relevant for the catalytic oxidation of cellulose and xyloglucan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M R Higasi
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josman A Velasco
- Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho s/n, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa O A Pellegrini
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evandro A de Araújo
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Alves França
- Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho s/n, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Malene B Keller
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Carlos A Labate
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Benedikt M Blossom
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Fernando Segato
- Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho s/n, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Polikarpov
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Purification and characterization of novel, thermostable and non-processive GH5 family endoglucanase from Fomitopsis meliae CFA 2. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1161-1169. [PMID: 33892036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Endoglucanases from glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5) are the key enzymes in degradation of diverse plant polysaccharides. Present study reports purification, characterization and partial sequencing of novel thermostable GH5 family endoglucanase from a newly isolated brown rot fungi Fomitopsis meliae CFA 2. Endoglucanase was purified 34.18 fold with a specific activity of 302.90 U/mg. The molecular weight of the endoglucanase was 37.87 kDa as determined by SDS PAGE. LC MS/MS analysis identified the protein to be a member of GH5_5 family. The temperature and pH optima for endoglucanase activity were 70 °C and 4.8, respectively. The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of carboxymethyl-cellulose with a Km of 12.0 mg/ml, Vmax of 556.58 μmol/min/mg and Kcat of 129.41/sec. The enzyme was stimulated by Zn+2 and K+ metal ions and DTT. Half-life (t1/2) for endoglucanase was found to be 11.36 h with decimal reduction time (D) of 37.75 h at 70 °C. The activation energy for endoglucanase was found to be 30.76 kJ/mol (50 °C-70 °C). Looking at the results, the endoglucanase from Fomitopsis meliae CFA 2 seems to be a promising thermostable enzyme which may be applicable in applications like biomass hydrolysis.
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14
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Velasco J, de Oliveira Arnoldi Pellegrini V, Sepulchro AGV, Kadowaki MAS, Santo MCE, Polikarpov I, Segato F. Comparative analysis of two recombinant LPMOs from Aspergillus fumigatus and their effects on sugarcane bagasse saccharification. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 144:109746. [PMID: 33541573 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) have been introduced into industrial cocktails used for biomass saccharification due to their capacity to boost enzymatic conversion of recalcitrant cellulose. The genome of the thermotolerant ascomycete Aspergillus fumigatus encodes 7 genes for LPMOs that belong to auxiliary activity family 9 (AA9). Here, we cloned, successfully expressed and performed biochemical evaluation of two CBM-less A. fumigatus LPMOs (AfAA9A and AfAA9B). A high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) analysis demonstrated that AfAA9A and AfAA9B are able to oxide cellulose at C1 and C1/C4 positions, respectively. Synergic effects of LPMOs (separately and in combination) with cellulases were investigated. Supplementation of Celluclast 1.5 L with a low concentration of AfAA9B improved in 20 % the saccharification of sugarcane bagasse pretreated by steam explosion (SEB), while AfAA9A did not improvethe saccharification. Analysis of the hydrolyzed biomass by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed the LPMOs are promoting lignin oxidation in the lignocellulosic material. This study complements the available results concerning the utilization of LPMOs in the enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josman Velasco
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Igor Polikarpov
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Segato
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
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15
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Velasco J, Oliva B, Gonçalves AL, Lima AS, Ferreira G, França BA, Mulinari EJ, Gonçalves TA, Squina FM, Kadowaki MAS, Maiorano A, Polikarpov I, Oliveira LCD, Segato F. Functional characterization of a novel thermophilic exo-arabinanase from Thermothielavioides terrestris. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8309-8326. [PMID: 32813063 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Arabinanases from glycoside hydrolase family GH93 are enzymes with exo-activity that hydrolyze the α-1,5 bonds between arabinose residues present on arabinan. Currently, several initiatives aiming to use byproducts rich in arabinan such as pectin and sugar beet pulp as raw material to produce various compounds of interest are being developed. However, it is necessary to use robust enzymes that have an optimal performance under pH and temperature conditions used in the industrial processes. In this work, the first GH93 from the thermophilic fungus Thermothielavioides terrestris (Abn93T) was heterologously expressed in Aspergillus nidulans, purified and biochemically characterized. The enzyme is a thermophilic glycoprotein (optimum activity at 70 °C) with prolonged stability in acid pHs (4.0 to 6.5). The presence of glycosylation affected slightly the hydrolytic capacity of the enzyme, which was further increased by 34% in the presence of 1 mM CoCl2. Small-angle X-ray scattering results show that Abn93T is a globular-like-shaped protein with a slight bulge at one end. The hydrolytic mechanism of the enzyme was elucidated using capillary zone electrophoresis and molecular docking calculations. Abn93T has an ability to produce (in synergism with arabinofuranosidases) arabinose and arabinobiose from sugar beet arabinan, which can be explored as fermentable sugars and prebiotics. KEY POINTS: • Thermophilic exo-arabinanase from family GH93 • Molecular basis of arabinan depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josman Velasco
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Oliva
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Larissa Gonçalves
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Awana Silva Lima
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Gislene Ferreira
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Alves França
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Evandro José Mulinari
- Departamento de Física e Ciências Aplicadas, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Augusto Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Programa de Processos Tecnológicos e Ambientais, Universidade de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Márcio Squina
- Programa de Processos Tecnológicos e Ambientais, Universidade de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Seiki Kadowaki
- Departamento de Física e Ciências Aplicadas, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Maiorano
- Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo, Diretoria de Operações e Negócios, Núcleo de Bionanomanufatura, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Polikarpov
- Departamento de Física e Ciências Aplicadas, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Cristante de Oliveira
- Department of Physics - Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Segato
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
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16
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Velasco J, Oliva B, Mulinari EJ, Quintero LP, da Silva Lima A, Gonçalves AL, Gonçalves TA, Damasio A, Squina FM, Ferreira Milagres AM, Abdella A, Wilkins MR, Segato F. Heterologous expression and functional characterization of a GH10 endoxylanase from Aspergillus fumigatus var. niveus with potential biotechnological application. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 24:e00382. [PMID: 31799141 PMCID: PMC6881608 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Xylanases decrease the xylan content in pretreated biomass releasing it from hemicellulose, thus improving the accessibility of cellulose for cellulases. In this work, an endo-β-1,4-xylanase from Aspergillus fumigatus var. niveus (AFUMN-GH10) was successfully expressed. The structural analysis and biochemical characterization showed this AFUMN-GH10 does not contain a carbohydrate-binding module. The enzyme retained its activity in a pH range from 4.5 to 7.0, with an optimal temperature at 60 °C. AFUMN-GH10 showed the highest activity in beechwood xylan. The mode of action of AFUMN-GH10 was investigated by hydrolysis of APTS-labeled xylohexaose, which resulted in xylotriose and xylobiose as the main products. AFUMN-GH10 released 27% of residual xylan from hydrothermally-pretreated corn stover and 14% of residual xylan from hydrothermally-pretreated sugarcane bagasse. The results showed that environmentally friendly pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with AFUMN-GH10 in low concentration is a suitable method to remove part of residual and recalcitrant hemicellulose from biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josman Velasco
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Oliva
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Evandro José Mulinari
- Department of Physics and Applied Sciences, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Leidy Patricia Quintero
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Awana da Silva Lima
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Larissa Gonçalves
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Augusto Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Processos Tecnológicos e Ambientais, Universidade de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - André Damasio
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Marcio Squina
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Processos Tecnológicos e Ambientais, Universidade de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Asmaa Abdella
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Industrial Agricultural Products Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mark R. Wilkins
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Industrial Agricultural Products Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Fernando Segato
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
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Valadares F, Gonçalves TA, Damasio A, Milagres AM, Squina FM, Segato F, Ferraz A. The secretome of two representative lignocellulose-decay basidiomycetes growing on sugarcane bagasse solid-state cultures. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 130:109370. [PMID: 31421724 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Secretome evaluations of lignocellulose-decay basidiomycetes can reveal new enzymes in selected fungal species that degrade specific substrates. Proteins discovered in such studies can support biorefinery development. Brown-rot (Gloeophyllum trabeum) and white-rot (Pleurotus ostreatus) fungi growing in sugarcane bagasse solid-state cultures produced 119 and 63 different extracellular proteins, respectively. Several of the identified enzymes are suitable for in vitro biomass conversion, including a range of cellulases (endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases and β-glucosidases), hemicellulases (endoxylanases, α-arabinofuranosidases, α-glucuronidases and acetylxylan esterases) and carbohydrate-active auxiliary proteins, such as AA9 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase, AA1 laccase and AA2 versatile peroxidase. Extracellular oxalate decarboxylase was also detected in both fungal species, exclusively in media containing sugarcane bagasse. Interestingly, intracellular AA6 quinone oxidoreductases were also exclusively produced under sugarcane bagasse induction in both fungi. These enzymes promote quinone redox cycling, which is used to produce Fenton's reagents by lignocellulose-decay fungi. Hitherto undiscovered hypothetical proteins that are predicted in lignocellulose-decay fungi genomes appeared in high relative abundance in the cultures containing sugarcane bagasse, which suggests undisclosed, new biochemical mechanisms that are used by lignocellulose-decay fungi to degrade sugarcane biomass. In general, lignocellulose-decay fungi produce a number of canonical hydrolases, as well as some newly observed enzymes, that are suitable for in vitro biomass digestion in a biorefinery context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Valadares
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, 12602-810, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago A Gonçalves
- Programa de Processos Tecnológicos e Ambientais, Universidade de Sorocaba, 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13080-655, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - André Damasio
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13080-655, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriane Mf Milagres
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, 12602-810, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio M Squina
- Programa de Processos Tecnológicos e Ambientais, Universidade de Sorocaba, 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Segato
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, 12602-810, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - André Ferraz
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, 12602-810, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
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18
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A Thermostable Aspergillus fumigatus GH7 Endoglucanase Over-Expressed in Pichia pastoris Stimulates Lignocellulosic Biomass Hydrolysis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092261. [PMID: 31067833 PMCID: PMC6540056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of avoiding the use of non-renewable energy sources, employing lignocellulosic biomass for ethanol production remains a challenge. Cellulases play an important role in this scenario: they are some of the most important industrial enzymes that can hydrolyze lignocellulose. This study aims to improve on the characterization of a thermostable Aspergillus fumigatus endo-1,4-β-glucanase GH7 (Af-EGL7). To this end, Af-EGL7 was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris X-33. The kinetic parameters Km and Vmax were estimated and suggested a robust enzyme. The recombinant protein was highly stable within an extreme pH range (3.0-8.0) and was highly thermostable at 55 °C for 72 h. Low Cu2+ concentrations (0.1-1.0 mM) stimulated Af-EGL7 activity up to 117%. Af-EGL7 was tolerant to inhibition by products, such as glucose and cellobiose. Glucose at 50 mM did not inhibit Af-EGL7 activity, whereas 50 mM cellobiose inhibited Af-EGL7 activity by just 35%. Additionally, the Celluclast® 1.5L cocktail supplemented with Af-EGL7 provided improved hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse "in natura", sugarcane exploded bagasse (SEB), corncob, rice straw, and bean straw. In conclusion, the novel characterization of Af-EGL7 conducted in this study highlights the extraordinary properties that make Af-EGL7 a promising candidate for industrial applications.
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Myco-Degradation of Lignocellulose: An Update on the Reaction Mechanism and Production of Lignocellulolytic Enzymes by Fungi. Fungal Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23834-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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