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Kalia S, Samuchiwal S, Dalvi V, Malik A. Exploring fungal-mediated solutions and its molecular mechanistic insights for textile dye decolorization. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 360:142370. [PMID: 38763399 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Decolorization of textile dyes and study of their intermediate compounds is necessary to comprehend the mechanism of dye degradation. In the present study, different fungal mediated solutions were explored to provide an alternative to treat the reactive dyes. Growing biomass of Pleurotus sajor caju showed 83% decolorization (249.99 mg L-1 removal) of Reactive Blue 13 (RB 13) and 63% decolorization (188.83 mg L-1) of Reactive Black 5 (RB 5) at 300 mg L-1 initial concentration on 8 d. Higher laccase activity was positively correlated with increase in decolorization. However, increasing dye concentration has inhibitory effect on fungal biomass due to increase in toxicity. In laccase mediated decolorization, laccase produced from P. sajor caju using carbon rich waste material as substrate showed 89% decolorization (276.36 mg L-1 removal) of RB 13 and 33% decolorization (105.37 mg L-1 removal) of RB 5 at 300 mg L-1 initial dye concentration in 100 min at 30 °C and pH 3.0'. Comparing the two methods, laccase-mediated decolorization shows better decolorization in less time and does not produce sludge. Further, the present work also attempted to study the dye degradation pathway for Reactive blue 13 via laccase mediated process. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were utilized to identify the degraded products. The GC-MS analysis showed the formation of naphthalene, naphthalene 2-ol, benzene,1-2, dicarboxylic acid, 4, amino, 6,chloro, 1-3-5, triazin-2-ol as the final degraded products after enzymatic degradation of RB 13. These findings provide in-depth study of laccase-mediated textile dye degradation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Kalia
- Applied Microbiology Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Saurabh Samuchiwal
- Applied Microbiology Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Vivek Dalvi
- Applied Microbiology Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Anushree Malik
- Applied Microbiology Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 110016, India.
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Othman AM, Mechichi T, Chowdhary P, Suleiman WB. Editorial: Ligninolytic enzymes and their potential applications. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1235206. [PMID: 37492260 PMCID: PMC10364632 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1235206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmageed M. Othman
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tahar Mechichi
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Pankaj Chowdhary
- Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), Lucknow, India
| | - Waleed B. Suleiman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Bazzoli P, Iametti S, Fessas D, Bonomi F, Schiraldi A. Oxidases as Oxygen Scavengers in Hypoxic Conditions: A Kinetic Model. Molecules 2023; 28:5216. [PMID: 37446878 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple kinetic model allowed for the description of the observed decay of the oxygen content in hypoxic aqueous samples with and without headspace, in the presence of glucose oxidase (Glucox) or laccase and their substrates (glucose for Glucox and ABTS for Laccase). The experimental tests involved both the direct measurement of the oxygen content with a fluorescence-based probe and the indirect stopped-flow spectroscopic detection of colored compounds generated from suitable chromogenic reagents. The complete depletion of dissolved oxygen occurred in the no-headspace samples, whereas some residual oxygen remained in a steady state in the samples with headspace. Simple pseudo-first-order kinetics was adequate to describe the behavior of the system, as long as oxygen was the rate-limiting compound, i.e., in the presence of excess substrates. The values of the kinetic constants drawn from best-fit routines of the data from both experimental approaches were quite comparable. The oxygen residues in the samples with headspace seemed related to the low solubility of O2 in the aqueous phase, especially if compared with the large amount of oxygen in the headspace. The extent of such residue decreased by increasing the concentration of the enzyme. The kinetic model proposed in this paper can be of help in assembling suitable sensors to be used for food safety and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bazzoli
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Iametti
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dimitrios Fessas
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonomi
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Schiraldi
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Mutanda I, Sethupathy S, Xu Q, Zhu B, Shah SWA, Zhuang Z, Zhu D. Optimization of heterologous production of Bacillus ligniniphilus L1 laccase in Escherichia coli through statistical design of experiments. Microbiol Res 2023; 274:127416. [PMID: 37290170 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Laccases are powerful multi-copper oxidoreductases that have wide applicability as "green" biocatalysts in biotechnological, bioremediation, and industrial applications. Sustainable production of large amounts of functional laccases from original sources is limited by low yields, difficulties in purification, slow growth of the organisms, and high cost of production. Harnessing the full potential of these versatile biocatalysts will require the development of efficient heterologous systems that allow high-yield, scalable, and cost-effective production. We previously cloned a temperature- and pH-stable laccase from Bacillus ligniniphilus L1 (L1-lacc) that demonstrated remarkable activity in the oxidation of lignin and delignification for bioethanol production. However, L1-lacc is limited by low enzyme yields in both the source organism and heterologous systems. Here, to improve production yields and lower the cost of production, we optimized the recombinant E. coli BL21 strain for high-level production of L1-lacc. Several culture medium components and fermentation parameters were optimized using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and Plackett-Burman design (PBD) to screen for important factors that were then optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and an orthogonal design. The optimized medium composition had compound nitrogen (15.6 g/L), glucose (21.5 g/L), K2HPO4 (0.15 g/L), MgSO4 (1 g/L), and NaCl (7.5 g/L), which allowed a 3.3-fold yield improvement while subsequent optimization of eight fermentation parameters achieved further improvements to a final volumetric activity titer of 5.94 U/mL in 24 h. This represents a 7-fold yield increase compared to the initial medium and fermentation conditions. This work presents statistically guided optimization strategies for improving heterologous production of a bacterial laccase that resulted in a high-yielding, cost-efficient production system for an enzyme with promising applications in lignin valorization, biomass processing, and generation of novel composite thermoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishmael Mutanda
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Sivasamy Sethupathy
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Sayed Waqas Ali Shah
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhuang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Daochen Zhu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Elsayed AM, Mahmoud M, Abdel Karim GSA, Abdelraof M, Othman AM. Purification and biochemical characterization of two laccase isoenzymes isolated from Trichoderma harzianum S7113 and its application for bisphenol A degradation. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:1. [PMID: 36593499 PMCID: PMC9806890 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-02011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Two laccase isoenzymes (LacA and LacB) were isolated from a novel Trichoderma harzianum S7113 isolate employing ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G100, and DEAE Sepharose ion exchange chromatography. The molecular weights of the purified LacA and LacB laccases were estimated to be 63 and 48 kDa, respectively. The two isoenzymes had their optimum activities at the same temperature (50 °C), but at slightly different pH values (pH 3.0 for LacA and pH 2.5 for LacB). LacA and LacB had the same thermal stability at 40 °C and pH stability at pH 9.0. The two isoenzymes also showed a high level of specific activity toward ABTS, where the Km values of LacA and LacB were 0.100 and 0.065 mM, whereas their Vmax values were 0.603 and 0.182 µmol min-1, respectively. LacA and LacB catalytic activity was stimulated by Mg2+, Zn2+, K+, and Ni2+, whereas it was inhibited by Hg2+ and Pb2+, β-mercaptoethanol, EDTA, and SDS, and completely inhibited by sodium azide. Our findings indicate that purified laccase has a promising capacity for bisphenol A (BPA) bioremediation across a broad pH range. This finding opens up new opportunities for the commercialization of this technique in a variety of biotechnology-based applications, particularly for removing endocrine chemicals from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshaimaa M. Elsayed
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Molecular Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Ghada S. A. Abdel Karim
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Molecular Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelraof
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Abdelmageed M. Othman
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
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George J, Rajendran DS, Venkataraman S, Rathankumar AK, Saikia K, Muthusamy S, Singh I, Singh I, Sinha S, Ramkumar S, Cabana H, Vaidyanathan VK. Insolubilization of Tramates versicolor laccase as cross-linked enzyme aggregates for the remediation of trace organic contaminants from municipal wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112882. [PMID: 35131326 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The novelty of this study deals with the biocatalytic treatment of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) from municipal wastewater by insolubilized laccase. Laccase from Trametes versicolor was aggregated by three-phase partitioning technique followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde to produce insolubilized laccase as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). The optimal conditions for CLEAs preparation include ammonium sulphate concentration of 83% (w/v), crude to t-butanol ratio of 1.00: 1.05 (v/v), pH 5.3, and glutaraldehyde concentration of 20 mM obtained via statistical design. The efficiency of insolubilization of the CLEAs laccase based on the kcat/km ratio was approximately 4.8-fold greater than that of free laccase. The developed CLEAs showed greater resistance to product inhibition mediated by ABTS than the free enzyme and exhibited excellent catalytic activity even after the tenth successive cycle. Further, free laccase and the synthesized CLEAs laccase were utilized to treat five analgesics, two NSAIDS, three antibiotics, two antilipemics, and three pesticides in the municipal wastewater. Under the batch process with operating conditions of pH 7.0 and 20 °C, 1000 U/L of CLEAs, laccase removed 11 TrOCs in the range of about 20-99%. However, the inactivated CLEAs only adsorbed 2-25% of TrOCs. It was observed that acetaminophen, mefenamic acid, trimethoprim, and metolachlor depicted almost complete removal with CLEAs laccase. The performance of CLEAs laccase in a perfusion basket reactor was tested for the removal of TrOCs from municipal wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenet George
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Kattankulathur, 603 203, India
| | - Devi Sri Rajendran
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Kattankulathur, 603 203, India
| | - Swethaa Venkataraman
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Kattankulathur, 603 203, India
| | - Abiram Karanam Rathankumar
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Kattankulathur, 603 203, India; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academic of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641021, India
| | - Kongkona Saikia
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Kattankulathur, 603 203, India; Department of Biochemistry, FASH, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641021, India
| | - Shanmugaprakash Muthusamy
- Downstream Processing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - Isita Singh
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Kattankulathur, 603 203, India
| | - Ishani Singh
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Kattankulathur, 603 203, India
| | - Swarnika Sinha
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Kattankulathur, 603 203, India
| | - Sujanya Ramkumar
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Kattankulathur, 603 203, India
| | - Hubert Cabana
- University of Sherbrooke Water Research Group, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Vinoth Kumar Vaidyanathan
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Kattankulathur, 603 203, India.
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Enhancement of laccase production from a newly isolated Trichoderma harzianum S7113 using submerged fermentation: Optimization of production medium via central composite design and its application for hydroquinone degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:219-231. [PMID: 34624382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Trichoderma harzianum S7113 as an efficient fungal isolate for laccase production was identified using the 18S rRNA sequencing. T. harzianum S7113 attained its maximal laccase production level on the 14th day of static incubation at 28 °C and pH 5.0 using the inoculum size of 5 discs (14 mm), according to the one factor per time (OFT) method. The most appropriate carbon, organic and inorganic nitrogen sources to promote maximal laccase synthesis were glucose (15 g/L), beef extract (5 g/L), and ammonium chloride (4 g/L), respectively. Results of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) revealed that glucose, meat extract, and ammonium chloride concentrations of 17.54, 7.17, and 4.36 g/L respectively, at a pH value of 6.74 are the favorite conditions for high titer production. The ANOVA analysis highlighted an excellent match between the actual experimental results and the model predicted laccase production levels. The biodegradation of hydroquinone (HQ) by T. harzianum S7113 laccase was most efficient in the pH range of 5.0 to 6.5. The increase in laccase concentration led to a significant increase in the HQ conversion to get a biodegradation rate of 92 ± 2.6% with a laccase concentration of 0.75 U/mL after 3 h of reaction.
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