1
|
Vibholm AK, Landau AM, Møller A, Jacobsen J, Vang K, Munk OL, Orlowski D, Sørensen JC, Brooks DJ. NMDA receptor ion channel activation detected in vivo with [ 18F]GE-179 PET after electrical stimulation of rat hippocampus. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1301-1312. [PMID: 32960687 PMCID: PMC8142139 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20954928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [18F]GE-179 binds to the phencyclidine (PCP) site in the open N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor ion channel (NMDAR-IC). To demonstrate that PET can visualise increased [18F]GE-179 uptake by active NMDAR-ICs and that this can be blocked by the PCP antagonist S-ketamine, 15 rats had an electrode unilaterally implanted in their ventral hippocampus. Seven rats had no stimulation, five received pulsed 400 µA supra-threshold 60 Hz stimulation alone, and three received intravenous S-ketamine injection prior to stimulation. Six other rats were not implanted. Each rat had a 90 min [18F]GE-179 PET scan. Stimulated rats had simultaneous depth-EEG recordings of induced seizure activity. [18F]GE-179 uptake (volume of distribution, VT) was compared between hemispheres and between groups. Electrical stimulation induced a significant increase in [18F]GE-179 uptake at the electrode site compared to the contralateral hippocampus (mean 22% increase in VT, p = 0.0014) and to non-stimulated comparator groups. Rats injected with S-ketamine prior to stimulation maintained non-stimulated levels of [18F]GE-179 uptake during stimulation. In conclusion, PET visualisation of focal [18F]GE-179 uptake during electrically activated NMDAR-ICs and the demonstration of specificity for PCP sites by blockade with S-ketamine support the in vivo utility of [18F]GE-179 PET as a use-dependent marker of NMDAR-IC activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali K Vibholm
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne M Landau
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Arne Møller
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Jacobsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kim Vang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole L Munk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dariusz Orlowski
- Department of Neurosurgery and CENSE, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Ch Sørensen
- Department of Neurosurgery and CENSE, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David J Brooks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chou P, Wang GH, Hsueh SW, Yang YC, Kuo CC. Delta-Frequency Augmentation and Synchronization in Seizure Discharges and Telencephalic Transmission. iScience 2020; 23:101666. [PMID: 33134896 PMCID: PMC7586134 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epileptic seizures constitute a common neurological disease primarily diagnosed by characteristic rhythms or waves in the local field potentials (LFPs) of cerebral cortices or electroencephalograms. With a basolateral amygdala (BLA) kindling model, we found that the dominant frequency of BLA oscillations is in the delta range (1-5 Hz) in both normal and seizure conditions. Multi-unit discharges are increased with higher seizure staging but remain phase-locked to the delta waves in LFPs. Also, the change in synchrony precedes and outlasts the changes in discharging units as well as behavioral seizures. One short train of stimuli readily drives the pyramidal-inhibitory neuronal networks in BLA slices into prolonged reverberating activities, where the burst and interburst intervals may concurrently set a "natural wavelength" for delta frequencies. Seizures thus could be viewed as erroneous temporospatial continuums to normal oscillations in a system with a built-in synchronizing and resonating nature for information relay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chou
- Department of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 1 Jen-Ai Road, 1st Section, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hsun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Hsueh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chin Kuo
- Department of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 1 Jen-Ai Road, 1st Section, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jalilifar M, Yadollahpour A, Moazedi AA, Ghotbeddin Z. Quantitative Analysis of the Antiepileptogenic Effects of Low Frequency Stimulation Applied Prior or After Kindling Stimulation in Rats. Front Physiol 2018; 9:711. [PMID: 29967583 PMCID: PMC6016317 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Developing quantitative measures based on spectral analysis of electroencephalograph (EEG) recordings of neural activities plays an important role in developing efficient treatments for epilepsy. Such biomarkers can be used for developing open or closed loop approaches for seizure prediction or prevention. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate antiepileptogenic effects of low frequency stimulation (LFS) applied immediately before or after kindling stimulations using spectral power analysis of extracellular EEG in rat. Methods: Nineteen adult rats were used: seven for kindle, six for LFS+Kindle (LFSK) and six for Kindle+LFS (KLFS). Four packages of LFS (1Hz) were applied immediately before or after rapid kindling stimulations. The power spectral densities of afterdischarge (AD) sections of EEG corresponding to different stages of kindling for delta (0-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (12-28 Hz), gamma (28-40 Hz) sub-bands, and theta/alpha ratio were comparatively investigated. Moreover, correlation between AD duration (ADD) and its different frequency components was calculated. Results: Both LFSK and KLFS significantly increased delta and reduced beta and gamma oscillations, compared with kindle group. However, just the reduction in LFSK group was significant. Both protocols increased theta/alpha ratio, but just LFSK showed significant increase (p < 0.05). Although LFSK enhanced theta/alpha ratio more than KLFS, the difference was not statistically significant. Furthermore, strong correlation between each frequency sub band and ADD was not observed in kindle and LFS treated groups (both LFSK and KLFS). Conclusion: Although behavioral assessments showed relatively the same level of antiepileptogenic effects for KLFS and LFSK, quantitative assessments showed more significant differences in the quantitative measures between the two protocols. Developing more quantitative EEG based measures correlated with LFS-induced effects can facilitate developing open or closed loop seizure prevention modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Jalilifar
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Yadollahpour
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Moazedi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Ghotbeddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Quantitative assessments of extracellular EEG to classify specific features of main phases of seizure acquisition based on kindling model in Rat. Neurosci Lett 2017; 656:144-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
5
|
Spike densities of the amygdala and neocortex reflect progression of kindled motor seizures. Med Biol Eng Comput 2017; 56:99-112. [PMID: 28674781 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-017-1672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Amygdala kindling is a common temporal lobe-like seizure model. In the present study, temporal and spectral analyses of the ictal period were investigated throughout amygdala kindling in response to different behavioral seizures. Right-side amygdala was kindled to induce epileptiform afterdischarges (ADs). ADs of both the frontal cortex and amygdala were analyzed. Powers of the low (0-9 Hz)- and high (12-30 Hz)-frequency bands in response to different behavioral seizures were calculated. Densities of upward and downward peaks of spikes, which reflected information of spike count and spike pattern, throughout kindle-induced ADs were calculated. Progression was seen in the temporal and spectral characteristics of amygdala-kindled ADs in response to behaviors. Numbers of significant differences of all 1-s AD segments between two Racine's seizure stages were significantly higher in upward and downward indexes of the temporal spike than those using the spectral method in both the amygdala and neocortex. Ability for distinguishing seizure stages was significantly higher in temporal spike density of amygdala ADs compared to those of frontal ADs. Our results showed that amygdala kindling caused spectrotemporal changes of activities in the amygdala and frontal cortex. The density of spike-related peaks had better distinguishability in response to behavioral seizures, particularly in a seizure zone of amygdala. The present study provides a new temporal index of spike's peak density to understand progression of motor seizures in the kindling process.
Collapse
|
6
|
Classifying amygdala kindling stages using quantitative assessments of extracellular recording of EEG in rats. Brain Res Bull 2016; 127:148-155. [PMID: 27659238 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Determining different seizure stage specific features in a kindling model is a crucial step in developing efficient objective techniques for early prediction and treatment of seizures. This study identified and categorized kindling stages based on their electrophysiological features through processing extracellular field potentials of Amygdala rapid kindling. METHODS Thirteen Wistar rats (200±10g) were divided into 2 groups including kindle (n=7) and sham (n=6) and respectively underwent an amygdala rapid kindling and placebo stimulation. EEG signals in each stage were classified into 7 bands: delta (0-4Hz), theta (4-8Hz), alpha (8-12Hz), low beta (12-16Hz), mid beta (16-20Hz), high beta (20-28Hz) and gamma (28-40Hz). Spectral power and power of sub bands of stage 3 (localized seizure stage (SS)) and stages 4 and 5 (generalized SSs) were compared between kindling and sham groups. RESULT Spectral analyses showed larger spikes in delta and theta subbands in the stages of 3, 4, and 5 of kindling, compared with sham animals. Generalized SSs contained more spikes than the localized SS in the kindling. Kindling process was accompanied by reduction in high beta and gamma oscillations and increase in delta sub band power which were significant in the generalized SSs. The theta/alpha ratio in the localized SS was higher than the generalized SSs and sham group, but the difference with the sham group was statistically significant. CONCLUSION Our results showed that reduced high beta and gamma and increased delta oscillations power are associated with behavioral seizure progression.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang YL, Chen YL, Su AWY, Shaw FZ, Liang SF. Epileptic Pattern Recognition and Discovery of the Local Field Potential in Amygdala Kindling Process. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2016; 24:374-85. [PMID: 26766378 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2015.2512258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Epileptogenesis, which occurs in an epileptic brain, is an important focus for epilepsy. The spectral analysis has been popularly applied to study the electrophysiological activities. However, the resolution is dominated by the window function of the algorithm used and the sample size. In this report, a temporal waveform analysis method is proposed to investigate the relationship of electrophysiological discharges and motor outcomes with a kindling process. Wistar rats were subjected to electrical amygdala kindling to induce temporal lobe epilepsy. During the kindling process, different morphologies of afterdischarges (ADs) were found and a recognition method, using template matching techniques combined with morphological comparators, was developed to automatically detect the epileptic patterns. The recognition results were compared to manually labeled results, and 79%-91% sensitivity was found. In addition, the initial ADs (the first 10 s) of different seizure stages were specifically utilized for recognition, and an average of 85% sensitivity was achieved. Our study provides an alternative viewpoint away from frequency analysis and time-frequency analysis to investigate epileptogenesis in an epileptic brain. The recognition method can be utilized as a preliminary inspection tool to identify remarkable changes in a patient's electrophysiological activities for clinical use. Moreover, we demonstrate the feasibility of predicting behavioral seizure stages from the early epileptiform discharges.
Collapse
|
8
|
Jaiswal MK, Keros S, Zhao M, Inan M, Schwartz TH, Anderson SA, Homanics GE, Goldstein PA. Reduction in focal ictal activity following transplantation of MGE interneurons requires expression of the GABAA receptor α4 subunit. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:127. [PMID: 25914623 PMCID: PMC4391265 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous advances, treatment-resistant seizures remain an important problem. Loss of neuronal inhibition is present in a variety of epilepsy models and is suggested as a mechanism for increased excitability, leading to the proposal that grafting inhibitory interneurons into seizure foci might relieve refractory seizures. Indeed, transplanted medial ganglionic eminence interneuron progenitors (MGE-IPs) mature into GABAergic interneurons that increase GABA release onto cortical pyramidal neurons, and this inhibition is associated with reduced seizure activity. An obvious conclusion is that inhibitory coupling between the new interneurons and pyramidal cells underlies this effect. We hypothesized that the primary mechanism for the seizure-limiting effects following MGE-IP transplantation is the tonic conductance that results from activation of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) expressed on cortical pyramidal cells. Using in vitro and in vivo recording techniques, we demonstrate that GABAA-R α4 subunit deletion abolishes tonic currents (Itonic) in cortical pyramidal cells and leads to a failure of MGE-IP transplantation to attenuate cortical seizure propagation. These observations should influence how the field proceeds with respect to the further development of therapeutic neuronal transplants (and possibly pharmacological treatments).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Jaiswal
- C.V. Starr Laboratory for Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA
| | - Sotirios Keros
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA
| | - Mingrui Zhao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA ; Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA
| | - Melis Inan
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA
| | - Theodore H Schwartz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA ; Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA
| | - Stewart A Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gregg E Homanics
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter A Goldstein
- C.V. Starr Laboratory for Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Morales JC, Alvarez-Ferradas C, Roncagliolo M, Fuenzalida M, Wellmann M, Nualart FJ, Bonansco C. A new rapid kindling variant for induction of cortical epileptogenesis in freely moving rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:200. [PMID: 25100948 PMCID: PMC4107828 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Kindling, one of the most used models of experimental epilepsy is based on daily electrical stimulation in several brain structures. Unlike the classic or slow kindling protocols (SK), the rapid kindling types (RK) described until now require continuous stimulation at suprathreshold intensities applied directly to the same brain structure used for subsequent electrophysiological and immunohistochemical studies, usually the hippocampus. However, the cellular changes observed in these rapid protocols, such as astrogliosis and neuronal loss, could be due to experimental manipulation more than to epileptogenesis-related alterations. Here, we developed a new RK protocol in order to generate an improved model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) which allows gradual progression of the epilepsy as well as obtaining an epileptic hippocampus, thus avoiding direct surgical manipulation and electric stimulation over this structure. This new protocol consists of basolateral amygdala (BLA) stimulation with 10 trains of biphasic pulses (10 s; 50 Hz) per day with 20 min-intervals, during 3 consecutive days, using a subconvulsive and subthreshold intensity, which guarantees tissue integrity. The progression of epileptic activity was evaluated in freely moving rats through electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings from cortex and amygdala, accompanied with synchronized video recordings. Moreover, we assessed the effectiveness of RK protocol and the establishment of epilepsy by evaluating cellular alterations of hippocampal slices from kindled rats. RK protocol induced convulsive states similar to SK protocols but in 3 days, with persistently lowered threshold to seizure induction and epileptogenic-dependent cellular changes in amygdala projection areas. We concluded that this novel RK protocol introduces a new variant of the chronic epileptogenesis models in freely moving rats, which is faster, highly reproducible and causes minimum cell damage with respect to that observed in other experimental models of epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Morales
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carla Alvarez-Ferradas
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Manuel Roncagliolo
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Marco Fuenzalida
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Mario Wellmann
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Francisco Javier Nualart
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología y Células Madre, Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Concepción Concepción, Chile
| | - Christian Bonansco
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Flores-Mancilla LE, Hernández-González M, Guevara MA, Benavides-Haro DE, Martínez-Arteaga P. Long-term fish oil supplementation attenuates seizure activity in the amygdala induced by 3-mercaptopropionic acid in adult male rats. Epilepsy Behav 2014; 33:126-34. [PMID: 24657504 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have provided evidence of significant effects of omega-3 fatty acids on brain functionality, including seizures and disorders such as epilepsy. Fish oil (FO) is a marine product rich in unsaturated omega-3 fatty acids. Considering that the amygdala is one of the brain structures most sensitive to seizure generation, we aimed to evaluate the effect of long-term chronic FO supplementation (from embryonic conception to adulthood) on the severity of seizures and amygdaloid electroencephalographic activity (EEG) in a 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA)-induced seizure model using adult rats. Female Wistar rats were fed a commercial diet supplemented daily with FO (300mg/kg) from puberty through mating, gestation, delivery, and weaning of the pups. Only the male pups were then fed daily with a commercial diet supplemented with the same treatment as the dam up to the age of 150days postpartum, when they were bilaterally implanted in the amygdala to record behavior and EEG activity before, during, and after seizures induced by administering 3-MPA. Results were compared with those obtained from rats supplemented with palm oil (PO) and rats treated with a vehicle (CTRL). The male rats treated with FO showed longer latency to seizure onset, fewer convulsive episodes, and attenuated severity compared those in the PO and CTRL groups according to the Racine scale. Moreover, long-term FO supplementation was associated with a reduction of the absolute power (AP) of the fast frequencies (12-25Hz) in the amygdala during the seizure periods. These findings support the idea that chronic supplementation with omega-3 of marine origin may have antiseizure properties as other studies have suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L E Flores-Mancilla
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Ejido la Escondida, CP 98160 Zacatecas, Mexico.
| | - M Hernández-González
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Francisco de Quevedo No. 180, Col. Arcos Vallarta, CP 44130 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - M A Guevara
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Francisco de Quevedo No. 180, Col. Arcos Vallarta, CP 44130 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - D E Benavides-Haro
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Ejido la Escondida, CP 98160 Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - P Martínez-Arteaga
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Ejido la Escondida, CP 98160 Zacatecas, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kadiyala SB, Papandrea D, Herron BJ, Ferland RJ. Segregation of seizure traits in C57 black mouse substrains using the repeated-flurothyl model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90506. [PMID: 24594686 PMCID: PMC3940897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the genetic basis of epilepsy in humans is difficult due to its complexity, thereby underlying the need for preclinical models with specific aspects of seizure susceptibility that are tractable to genetic analyses. In the repeated-flurothyl model, mice are given 8 flurothyl-induced seizures, once per day (the induction phase), followed by a 28-day rest period (incubation phase) and final flurothyl challenge. This paradigm allows for the tracking of multiple phenotypes including: initial generalized seizure threshold, decreases in generalized seizure threshold with repeated flurothyl exposures, and changes in the complexity of seizures over time. Given the responses we previously reported in C57BL/6J mice, we analyzed substrains of the C57BL lineage to determine if any of these phenotypes segregated in these substrains. We found that the generalized seizure thresholds of C57BL/10SNJ and C57BL/10J mice were similar to C57BL/6J mice, whereas C57BL/6NJ and C57BLKS/J mice showed lower generalized seizure thresholds. In addition, C57BL/6J mice had the largest decreases in generalized seizure thresholds over the induction phase, while the other substrains were less pronounced. Notably, we observed only clonic seizures during the induction phase in all substrains, but when rechallenged with flurothyl after a 28-day incubation phase, ∼80% of C57BL/6J and 25% of C57BL/10SNJ and C57BL/10J mice expressed more complex seizures with tonic manifestations with none of the C57BL/6NJ and C57BLKS/J mice having complex seizures with tonic manifestations. These data indicate that while closely related, the C57BL lineage has significant diversity in aspects of epilepsy that are genetically controlled. Such differences further highlight the importance of genetic background in assessing the effects of targeted deletions of genes in preclinical epilepsy models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar B. Kadiyala
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Dominick Papandrea
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Bruce J. Herron
- Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany - State University of New York, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Russell J. Ferland
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tsuchiya K, Kogure S. Spectral analysis of bilateral or alternate-site kindling-induced afterdischarges in the rabbit hippocampi. Epilepsy Res 2012; 101:228-36. [PMID: 22578702 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Kindling is one of the popular animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy. In the present study following the previous results obtained using unilateral hippocampal kindling (UK), we performed spectral analysis of bilateral or alternate-site kindling-induced afterdischarges (ADs) in the rabbit hippocampi. Eight and ten adult rabbits were used for bilateral kindling (BK) and alternate-site kindling (AK), respectively. Kindling stimuli consisted of a train of biphasic pulses (1ms duration each) of 50Hz for 1s, with suprathreshold intensity for AD. The stimulations were applied simultaneously to the bilateral hippocampi in the BK and were delivered to the right and left hippocampus once every 24h in the AK. Motor responses were classified into five stages according to the conventional criteria. All animals in BK as well as AK developed stage 5 convulsions. This contrasts to the result of UK (kindled: 50%; incomplete: 50%). We normalized power spectral density (PSD) and monitored the changes in the proportion of lower frequency band component (LFB: 0-9Hz) and the higher frequency band (HFB: 12-30Hz). BK animals showed a significantly large decrement (0.5 times, p<0.01) in LFB component at the final stage compared to the initial stage, but a very large increment (4.7 times) in HFB component. Likewise, AK animals exhibited a significantly large decrement (0.6 times, p<0.01) in LFB component at the final stage, but a very large increment (3.6 times) in HFB component. Correlation analyses were performed between the HFB component and AD duration, interictal discharge frequency, and behavioral stages during kindling progression. Very strong positive correlations were found in both kindling animals. Chronological spectral analysis of seizure discharges, resulting in a pattern of LFB decrement accompanied by HFB increment, is a convenient tool to investigate epileptic disorders and diagnose epileptic states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Komei Tsuchiya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236, Tangi-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|