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Wang Y, Peng J, Bai S, Yu H, He H, Fan C, Hao Y, Guan Y. A PIK3R2 Mutation in Familial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy as a Possible Pathogenic Variant. Front Genet 2021; 12:596709. [PMID: 34040629 PMCID: PMC8141861 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.596709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the most common form of medically refractory focal epilepsy in adults, often requires surgery to alleviate seizures. By using next-generation sequencing, we identified a PIK3R2 mutation (NM_005027.4: c.265C > T; NP_005018.2: p.Arg89Cys) in a family with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. PIK3R2 encodes p85β, the regulatory subunit of Class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and the mutation we identified in PIK3R2 seems to function unexpectedly as a possible pathogenic variant. The mutation is predicted to be potentially pathogenic by multiple bioinformatics tools. Through a functional assay, we verified that the mutation enhances the function of PI3K in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the proband. Finally, pathological testing of the resected temporal lobe cortex showed that the expression of PIK3R2 was significantly higher in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy than in those of non-epileptic diseases as a control group. It can be inferred that PIK3R2 might play an important role in the development of TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuwei Bai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Haojun Yu
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong He
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxiang Fan
- TCM Department, Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Hao
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yangtai Guan
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Koeleman BP. What do genetic studies tell us about the heritable basis of common epilepsy? Polygenic or complex epilepsy? Neurosci Lett 2018; 667:10-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Yu Y, Hasegawa D, Fujiwara-Igarashi A, Hamamoto Y, Mizoguchi S, Kuwabara T, Fujita M. Molecular cloning and characterization of the family of feline leucine-rich glioma-inactivated (LGI) genes, and mutational analysis in familial spontaneous epileptic cats. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:389. [PMID: 29237452 PMCID: PMC5729232 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated (LGI) proteins play a critical role in synaptic transmission. Dysfunction of these genes and encoded proteins is associated with neurological disorders such as genetic epilepsy or autoimmune limbic encephalitis in animals and human. Familial spontaneous epileptic cats (FSECs) are the only feline strain and animal model of familial temporal lobe epilepsy. The seizure semiology of FSECs comprises recurrent limbic seizures with or without evolution into generalized epileptic seizures, while cats with antibodies against voltage-gated potassium channel complexed/LGI1 show limbic encephalitis and recurrent limbic seizures. However, it remains unclear whether the genetics underlying FSECs are associated with LGI family genes. In the present study, we cloned and characterized the feline LGI1-4 genes and examined their association with FSECs. Conventional PCR techniques were performed for cloning and mutational analysis. Characterization was predicted using bioinformatics software. RESULTS The cDNAs of feline LGI1-4 contained 1674-bp, 1650-bp, 1647-bp, and 1617-bp open reading frames, respectively, and encoded proteins comprising 557, 549, 548, and 538 amino acid residues, respectively. The feline LGI1-4 putative protein sequences showed high homology with Homo sapiens, Canis familiaris, Bos taurus, Sus scrofa, and Equus caballus (92%-100%). Mutational analysis in 8 FSECs and 8 controls for LGI family genes revealed 3 non-synonymous and 14 synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding region. Only one non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in LGI4 was found in 3 out of 8 FSECs. Using three separate computational tools, this mutation was not predicted to be disease causing. No co-segregation of the disease was found with any variant. CONCLUSIONS We cloned the cDNAs of the four feline LGI genes, analyzed the amino acid sequences, and revealed that epilepsy in FSEC is not a monogenic disorder associated with LGI genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Yu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Hasegawa
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan.
| | - Aki Fujiwara-Igarashi
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Yuji Hamamoto
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Shunta Mizoguchi
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kuwabara
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Michio Fujita
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
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Perucca P, Crompton DE, Bellows ST, McIntosh AM, Kalincik T, Newton MR, Vajda FJE, Scheffer IE, Kwan P, O'Brien TJ, Tan KM, Berkovic SF. Familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and the borderland of déjà vu. Ann Neurol 2017; 82:166-176. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.24984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Piero Perucca
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Douglas E. Crompton
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Neurology Department; Northern Health; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Susannah T. Bellows
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Anne M. McIntosh
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Tomas Kalincik
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Mark R. Newton
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Frank J. E. Vajda
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Ingrid E. Scheffer
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Departments of Paediatrics and Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Terence J. O'Brien
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - K. Meng Tan
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Samuel F. Berkovic
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Chen T, Giri M, Xia Z, Subedi YN, Li Y. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of epilepsy: a review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:1841-1859. [PMID: 28761347 PMCID: PMC5516882 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s142032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common episodic neurological disorder or condition characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures, and genetics seems to play a key role in its etiology. Early linkage studies have localized multiple loci that may harbor susceptibility genes to epilepsy, and mutational analyses have detected a number of mutations involved in both ion channel and nonion channel genes in patients with idiopathic epilepsy. Genome-wide studies of epilepsy have found copy number variants at 2q24.2-q24.3, 7q11.22, 15q11.2-q13.3, and 16p13.11-p13.2, some of which disrupt multiple genes, such as NRXN1, AUTS2, NLGN1, CNTNAP2, GRIN2A, PRRT2, NIPA2, and BMP5, implicated for neurodevelopmental disorders, including intellectual disability and autism. Unfortunately, only a few common genetic variants have been associated with epilepsy. Recent exome-sequencing studies have found some genetic mutations, most of which are located in nonion channel genes such as the LGI1, PRRT2, EFHC1, PRICKLE, RBFOX1, and DEPDC5 and in probands with rare forms of familial epilepsy, and some of these genes are involved with the neurodevelopment. Since epigenetics plays a role in neuronal function from embryogenesis and early brain development to tissue-specific gene expression, epigenetic regulation may contribute to the genetic mechanism of neurodevelopment through which a gene and the environment interacting with each other affect the development of epilepsy. This review focused on the analytic tools used to identify epilepsy and then provided a summary of recent linkage and association findings, indicating the existence of novel genes on several chromosomes for further understanding of the biology of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Chen
- Department of Health Management Center, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohan Giri
- National Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Ratopul, Gaushala, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Zhenyi Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadu Nanda Subedi
- National Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Ratopul, Gaushala, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Health Management Center, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Striano P, Serioli E, Santulli L, Manna I, Labate A, Dazzo E, Pasini E, Gambardella A, Michelucci R, Striano S, Nobile C. DEPDC5 mutations are not a frequent cause of familial temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2015. [PMID: 26216793 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the DEPDC5 (DEP domain-containing protein 5) gene are a major cause of familial focal epilepsy with variable foci (FFEVF) and are predicted to account for 12-37% of families with inherited focal epilepsies. To assess the clinical impact of DEPDC5 mutations in familial temporal lobe epilepsy, we screened a collection of Italian families with either autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy (ADLTE) or familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (FMTLE). The probands of 28 families classified as ADLTE and 17 families as FMTLE were screened for DEPDC5 mutations by whole exome or targeted massive parallel sequencing. Putative mutations were validated by Sanger sequencing. We identified a DEPDC5 nonsense mutation (c.918C>G; p.Tyr306*) in a family with two affected members, clinically classified as FMTLE. The proband had temporal lobe seizures with prominent psychic symptoms (déjà vu, derealization, and forced thoughts); her mother had temporal lobe seizures, mainly featuring visceral epigastric auras and anxiety. In total, we found a single DEPDC5 mutation in one of (2.2%) 45 families with genetic temporal lobe epilepsy, a proportion much lower than that reported in other inherited focal epilepsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, G. Gaslini Institute, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Serioli
- CNR-Neuroscience Institute, Section of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Lia Santulli
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ida Manna
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, Section of Germaneto, National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angelo Labate
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, Section of Germaneto, National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy.,Institute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emanuela Dazzo
- CNR-Neuroscience Institute, Section of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Pasini
- IRCCS-Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Gambardella
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, Section of Germaneto, National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy.,Institute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberto Michelucci
- IRCCS-Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Striano
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carlo Nobile
- CNR-Neuroscience Institute, Section of Padua, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
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Pakozdy A, Patzl M, Zimmermann L, Jokinen TS, Glantschnigg U, Kelemen A, Hasegawa D. LGI Proteins and Epilepsy in Human and Animals. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:997-1005. [PMID: 26032921 PMCID: PMC4895363 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine‐rich glioma‐inactivated (LGI) protein was first thought to have a suppressor effect in the formation of some cancers. Developments in physiology and medicine made it possible to characterize the function of the LGI protein family and its crucial role in different conditions more precisely. These proteins play an important role in synaptic transmission, and dysfunction may cause hyperexcitability. Genetic mutation of LGI1was confirmed to be the cause of autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy in humans. The LGI2 mutation was identified in benign familial juvenile epilepsy in Lagotto Romagnolo (LR) dogs. Cats with familial spontaneous temporal lobe epilepsy have been reported, and the etiology might be associated with LGI protein family dysfunction. In addition, an autoimmune reaction against LGI1 was detected in humans and cats with limbic encephalitis. These advances prompted a review of LGI protein function and its role in different seizure disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pakozdy
- University Clinic of Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Patzl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Zimmermann
- Unit of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - T S Jokinen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - U Glantschnigg
- University Clinic of Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Kelemen
- Epilepsy Center, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - D Hasegawa
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashinoshi, Tokyo, Japan
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Meguins LC, Adry RARDC, Silva-Junior SCD, Araújo Filho GMD, Marques LHN. Shorter epilepsy duration is associated with better seizure outcome in temporal lobe epilepsy surgery. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2015; 73:212-7. [DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20140230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the influence of patient’s age and seizure onset on surgical outcome of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Method A retrospective observational investigation performed from a cohort of patients from 2000 to 2012. Results A total of 229 patients were included. One-hundred and eleven of 179 patients (62%) were classified as Engel I in the group with < 50 years old, whereas 33 of 50 (66%) in the group with ≥ 50 years old group (p = 0.82). From those Engel I, 88 (61%) reported epilepsy duration inferior to 10 years and 56 (39%) superior to 10 years (p < 0.01). From the total of patients not seizure free, 36 (42%) reported epilepsy duration inferior to 10 years and 49 (58%) superior to 10 years (p < 0.01). Conclusion Patients with shorter duration of epilepsy before surgery had better postoperative seizure control than patients with longer duration of seizures.
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Baulac S. Genetics advances in autosomal dominant focal epilepsies. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2014; 213:123-39. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63326-2.00007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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