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Wang X, Shi G, Li G, Tang G. Systematic review of the risk of urolithiasis following parathyroidectomy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:1217-1225. [PMID: 38038823 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03882-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parathyroidectomy (PTX) is the conclusive therapy for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), but its effect on the risk of urolithiasis is inconclusive. We comprehensively reviewed the currently available research to investigate the impact of PTX on the likelihood of urolithiasis among individuals suffering PHPT. METHODS Internet-based articles in English language released on Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, Web of knowledge, and Embase up to September, 2023 were comprehensively reviewed. Each publication in contrast to the incidence, occurrence, or recurrence of urolithiasis after PTX versus medical treatment in PHPT patients was included. The outcome with pooled relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was examined employing DerSimonian and Laird's model of random effects. To determine the range of the real effect size of a future study in 95% of all populations, a prediction interval (PI) was also established. RESULTS Finally, ten studies involving 74,190 patients were included. Results from randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies (OSs) both revealed that PTX did not substantially lessen the vulnerability of urolithiasis among individuals with PHPT (RCTs: pooled relative risk [RR] 0.42, 95%CI 0.13-1.41, p = 0.163; OSs: pooled RR 1.37, 95%CI 0.96 to 1.97, p = 0.084). The PI (RCT: 0.03 to 5.96; OSs: 0.44-4.20) containing 1.0 suggested the possibility of consistent results in future studies. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses supported the above findings, and no evidence showed publication bias. CONCLUSION Our analysis from the available RCTs or OSs did not give adequate or exact proof that the average effect of PTX lowers the incidence of urolithiasis among PHPT persons based on the random-effects model. Future research shall take into account the common effect of PTX as well as the prerequisites of preventive stone procedures, which will further help us assess the effectiveness of PTX in reducing kidney calculus comorbidity and develop techniques to avoid stone sequelae in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmu Wang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Shi
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gangfeng Li
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiliang Tang
- Department of Urology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, No. 568, Zhongxing North Road, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Pal R, Banerjee M, Prasad TN, Kumar A, Bhadada T, Vyas A, Mukhopadhyay S, Bhadada SK. Risk of Gallstone Disease in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Endocr Pract 2024; 30:225-230. [PMID: 38086526 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apart from renal stones, primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has been linked to the occurrence of gallstone disease (GSD). Nevertheless, the association is not consistent across all studies. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aims to collate the hitherto available evidence and provide a pooled estimate of the association between GSD and PHPT. METHODS PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched from inception till May 10, 2023 for observational studies reporting the prevalence of GSD (in terms of absolute numbers) in patients with PHPT. The pooled prevalence of GSD and odds ratio with 95% CI of the occurrence of GSD in patients with PHPT as compared to age- and sex-matched controls were calculated. Subgroup analysis was performed based on patient ethnicity (Indian/Caucasian). Statistical analysis was carried out using R version 4.2.2. Random-effects model with Hartung-Knapp adjustment was used for analyses. RESULTS A total of 7 observational studies were included, pooling data from 15 949 patients with PHPT. The pooled prevalence of GSD in patients with PHPT was 16% (95% CI: 7%, 25%, I2 = 99%), being 13% (95% CI: 0%, 66%, I2 = 76%) in Indians, and 17% (95% CI: 4%, 31%, I2 = 99%) in Caucasians. Data consolidated from 3 studies showed that the pooled odds ratio of occurrence of GSD in patients with PHPT compared to controls was 1.77 (95% CI: 1.60, 1.97, P < .001, I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS GSD is more prevalent in patients with PHPT than in the general population. Thus, PHPT may be considered an additional risk factor for GSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimesh Pal
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mainak Banerjee
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Trupti N Prasad
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Clinical Tutor, National Institute of Nursing Education (NINE), Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Tushar Bhadada
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Patiala, India
| | - Abhinav Vyas
- Department of Medicine, Rabindranath Tagore Medical College, Udaipur, India
| | - Satinath Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Ожималов ИД, Каравайная ТК, Фёдорова ЮД, Горбачева АМ, Бибик ЕЕ, Маганева ИС, Еремкина АК, Мокрышева НГ. [Hyperparathyroidism of different genesis in young patients with Turner syndrome: case series and brief review]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2024; 70:56-65. [PMID: 38433542 PMCID: PMC10926241 DOI: 10.14341/probl13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Hyperparathyroidism is a syndrome characterized by an excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone. Etiologically, hyperparathyroidism is subdivided into primary hyperparathyroidism, which develops as a result of parathyroid adenoma, carcinoma or hyperplasia, and secondary hyperparathyroidism, which happens as a compensatory response to a hypocalcemia caused by condition outside the parathyroid glands. Turner syndrome may also be accompanied by mineral metabolism disorders of various etiology. An association of hyperparathyroidism and Turner syndrome is interesting because of multifactorial impact on bone mineral density, but only few cases of such coexistence have been previously described in the literature. This article describes two patients with Turner syndrome and hyperparathyroidism of different etiology. Hyperparathyroidism, normocalcemia, vitamin D deficiency, osteoporosis, parathyroid tumors were found in both cases. In one case a number of assays was performed to confirm the patient's normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism, and surgery was performed to achieve remission. In the second case, treatment of vitamin D deficiency resulted in normalization of serum concentration of parathormone, after which the patient was prescribed antiresorptive therapy. The pathogenetic association between Turner syndrome and hyperparathyroidism requires further investigation. Comprehensive approach to the diagnosis and treatment of mineral metabolism disorders are essential for patients with coexistence of these two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- И. Д. Ожималов
- Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова
| | | | - Ю. Д. Фёдорова
- Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова
| | - А. М. Горбачева
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - Е. Е. Бибик
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - И. С. Маганева
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - А. К. Еремкина
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - Н. Г. Мокрышева
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
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Maldar AN, Shah NF, Chauhan PH, Lala M, Kirtane MV, Chadha M. Differences in the Presentation and Outcome between Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Primary Hyperparathyroidism Indian Women: A Single-Center Experience. J Midlife Health 2023; 14:73-80. [PMID: 38029031 PMCID: PMC10664047 DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_142_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is an endocrine disorder wherein enlargement of one or more of the parathyroid glands causes autonomous overproduction of the parathyroid hormone (PTH), which leads to high serum calcium levels. Objective The objective of this study was to compare the clinical, laboratory, and operative variables between premenopausal (pre-M) and postmenopausal (post-M) women with PHPT. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of the data of female patients who underwent surgery for PHPT at a single center, from January 2011 to December 2020, was done. Patients with familial PHPT and secondary hyperparathyroidism were not included. Results Of the 130 women with PHPT, 44.6% were pre-M and 55.4% were post-M. A significantly higher number of pre-M females were symptomatic compared to post-M females (pre-M vs. post-M, 84.5% vs. 68.1%, P = 0.031). Renal calculi were more common in pre-M women (34.5% vs. 18.1%, P = 0.032), while the rest of the clinical features were comparable between the two groups. The proportion of women with osteoporosis (6.7% vs. 19.4%, P = 0.071), hypertension (13.8% vs. 34.7%, P = 0.012), and diabetes mellitus (3.5% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.033) was lesser in the pre-M group. Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly more prevalent in the pre-M group (37.9% vs. 20.8%, P = 0.032). The mean serum calcium (12.35 ± 1.28 vs. 11.96 ± 1.22 mg/dL, P = 0.079), median serum PTH (334 vs. 239 pg/mL, P = 0.051), and median weight of the operated adenomas (1.75 vs. 1.45 g, P = 0.075) were also higher in pre-M females. The proportion of ectopic adenomas and multiple adenomas, presurgery adenoma localization rates, and disease cure rates did not differ according to the menopausal status. The occurrence of postoperative hungry bone syndrome was higher in the pre-M women (15.5% vs. 1.4%, P = 0.008). Conclusion The majority of women with PHPT are post-M, but symptomatic presentation is more common in pre-M females. The severity of the disease appears to be more in pre-M women; however, imaging and operative variables generally did not significantly differ between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasim N. Maldar
- Department of Endocrinology, P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nishitkumar F. Shah
- Department of Endocrinology, P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Phulrenu H. Chauhan
- Department of Endocrinology, P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Murad Lala
- Department of Surgical Oncology, P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Milind V. Kirtane
- Department of ENT Surgery, P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manoj Chadha
- Department of Endocrinology, P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Bhan A, Athimulam S, Kumari P, Pal R, Bhadada SK, Cook BC, Qiu S, Rao SD. Large parathyroid adenomas: Potential mechanisms to reconcile adenoma size and disease phenotype. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1009516. [PMID: 36817587 PMCID: PMC9931720 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1009516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid adenomas weighing more than 3.5 g are reported variously as "atypical", "large" or "giant" parathyroid adenomas. All such adenomas are rare variants accounting for no more than 1.5% of all parathyroid adenomas. Large parathyroid adenomas are often associated with more severe form of the disease, including osteitis fibrosa cystica (OFC) and share many biochemical, histological, and molecular features of both benign and malignant parathyroid neoplasms, and are considered a distinct clinical entity. However, the pathogenesis of oversized parathyroid adenomas and the often-associated skeletal phenotype remains unclear. We present 5 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) with OFC, an uncommon manifestation of contemporary PHPT, associated with larger parathyroid adenomas, seen in the Bone and Mineral Disorders Clinic of the Henry Ford Health in the last 30 years to illustrate the critical role of vitamin D nutrition in the pathogenesis of both the OFC and adenoma size. The estimated prevalence of OFC was very low 0.2%, 5 of the >3000 surgically confirmed cases of PHPT seen during this time. The mean ± SD values were: age: 36.8 ± 22.1 years (4 of the 5 <36years), serum calcium 11.6 ± 1.1 mg/dl, alkaline phosphatase 799 ± 487 IU/L, PTH 1440 ± 477 pg/ml, 25-hydroxyvitamin D 13.0 ± 8.9 ng/ml, 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D 26.5 ± 13.7 pg/ml, urine calcium 562 ± 274 mg/day, and parathyroid adenoma weight 4.53 ± 2.2 g. Parathyroidectomy led to the resolution of both the biochemical indices and OFC in each patient without recurrence over >10 years of follow-up. Because OFC is a very rare in the West, but very common areas of endemic vitamin D deficiency, we also examined the relationship between vitamin D nutrition, as assessed by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, and parathyroid adenoma weight as well as prevalence of OFC in two large secularly diverse cohorts of patients with PHPT (Detroit, USA and Chandigarh, India). Based on this relationship and the relative prevalence of OFC in these two large cohorts, we propose that vitamin D nutrition (and perhaps calcium nutrition) best explains both the adenoma size and prevalence of OFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Bhan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Bone and Mineral Disorders, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Shobana Athimulam
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Bone and Mineral Disorders, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Poonam Kumari
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Rimesh Pal
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Bernard C. Cook
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Shijing Qiu
- Bone and Mineral Research Laboratory, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Sudhaker D. Rao
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Bone and Mineral Disorders, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
- Bone and Mineral Research Laboratory, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Sudhaker D. Rao,
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Comparison of Profile of Primary Hyperparathyroidism With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Retrospective Analysis From the Indian Primary Hyperparathyroidism Registry. Endocr Pract 2021; 28:96-101. [PMID: 34601115 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence and compare the clinicobiochemical profile of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational study wherein the details of patients with PHPT with T2DM (PHPT-T2DM) and without T2DM were retrieved from the Indian PHPT Registry (www.indianphptregistry.com) between 2005 and 2019. We compared the clinical, biochemical, and postoperative findings of patients with PHPT-T2DM with age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched patients with PHPT without T2DM (in 1:2 ratio). RESULTS Of the 464 patients with PHPT, 54 (11.6%) had T2DM. We observed an increase in the prevalence of PHPT-T2DM cases over time; only 7 (7.1%) of the total patients with PHPT had T2DM between 2005 and 2009 that increased to 31 (12.8%) in the last half decade (2015-2019). Patients with PHPT-T2DM had a significantly lower prevalence of nephrolithiasis (18.5% vs 36.1%, respectively; P = .03) and a higher prevalence of pancreatitis (22.2% vs 5.6%, respectively; P = .007) than those without T2DM. Furthermore, intact parathyroid hormone (203 pg/mL [139.8-437.3 pg/mL] vs 285 pg/mL [166-692 pg/mL], respectively; P = .04) and serum creatinine (0.90 mg/dL [0.67-1.25 mg/dL] vs 1.10 mg/dL [0.73-1.68 mg/dL], respectively; P = .03) levels were significantly lower in patients with PHPT-T2DM than those without T2DM. Also, tumor weight tended to be lower in patients with PHPT-T2DM than in the non-T2DM counterparts (1.05 g [0.5-2.93 g] vs 2.16 g [0.81-7.0 g], respectively; P = .06). CONCLUSION The prevalence of T2DM in Asian Indians with PHPT is 11.6%. Patients with PHPT-T2DM are characterized by a higher prevalence of pancreatitis, a lower prevalence of nephrolithiasis, and lower levels of intact parathyroid hormone/creatinine. Part of the clinical picture can possibly be explained by early detection of PHPT in patients with T2DM consequent to more frequent screening.
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