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Zhou X, Luo C, Fan J, Gao G, Wang T, Zhang H, Wei A. Myocardin Reverses Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Mediated Phenotypic Modulation of Corpus Cavernosum Smooth Muscle Cells in Hypoxia Induced by Cobalt Chloride. World J Mens Health 2023; 41:363-372. [PMID: 35274501 PMCID: PMC10042661 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the mechanism of phenotypic transformation of corporal cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs) under hypoxic conditions in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, a hypoxia model was established using cobalt chloride (CoCl2). CCSMCs were treated with different concentrations of CoCl2 for varying time periods, and cell viability was assessed. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), myocardin (Myocd) and phenotypic markers were detected in the CCSMCs. We also transfected the CCSMCs with si-HIF-1α and Ad-Myocd and evaluated the effects on phenotypic modulation of CCSMCs and the relationship between HIF-1α and Myocd was evaluated. RESULTS CoCl2 inhibited the viability of CCSMCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and treatment with 300 µM CoCl2 for 48 hours were the optimal conditions for establishing the hypoxia model. The results showed increased expression levels of HIF-1α and osteopontin and decreased Myocd, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and calponin levels in CCSMCs under hypoxia. HIF-1α knockdown reversed hypoxia-induced phenotypic transformation with elevated Myocd expression. Overexpression of Myocd also reversed the effect of hypoxia on the phenotypic switch, but did not affect HIF-1α expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that HIF-1α was involved in the effect of hypoxia induced by CoCl2 on CCSMC phenotypic modulation, and Myocd overexpression could inhibit this process. Thus, Myocd might be a potential therapeutic target for erectile dysfunction under hypoxia or HIF-1α activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongcai Zhou
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Luo
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junhong Fan
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangqian Gao
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Andrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Anyang Wei
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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The Impact of Transoral Robotic Surgery on Erectile Dysfunction and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Male Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091633. [PMID: 36141245 PMCID: PMC9498748 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and erectile dysfunction (ED) are chronic conditions that seriously affect middle-aged men. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the presence of these conditions after transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for OSA. This prospective observational study recruited 48 men with moderate-to-severe OSA (mean age 40.6 ± 8.1 years) who underwent TORS from October 2019 to November 2021 at a tertiary center. Baseline polysomnographic parameters, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and demographic characteristics were measured. The evaluations of LUTS and ED were based on self-administered International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaires, respectively, before TORS. The treatment outcomes were assessed three months postoperatively in the patients undergoing TORS due to moderate-to-severe OSA. There was significant Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) reduction from 53.10 ± 25.77 to 31.66 ± 20.34 three months after undergoing TORS (p < 0.001). There was also a significant decrease in the total IPSS score (5.06 ± 5.42 at baseline to 2.98 ± 2.71 at three months postoperatively, p = 0.001), the storage domain, and the voiding domain (p < 0.05). The ED also improved significantly, as seen in the IIEF score (20.98 ± 3.32 to 22.17± 3.60, p = 0.007). The reduction of AHI was associated with changes in body weight and the lowest oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels during sleep (rho = 0.395, p = 0.005; rho = 0.526, p < 0.001, respectively). However, the reduction in AHI was not significantly associated with improvement in IPSS or IIEF scores (p > 0.05). For men with moderate-to-severe OSA, TORS can significantly improve the polysomnography parameters, sleep-related questionnaire scores, and quality of life, and alleviate ED and LUTS. AHI reduction is not a crucial factor for ED and LUTS improvement after TORS for OSA, especially in ED.
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Cantone E, Massanova M, Crocetto F, Barone B, Esposito F, Arcaniolo D, Corlianò F, Romano L, Motta G, Celia A. The relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea and erectile dysfunction: An underdiagnosed link? A prospective cross-sectional study. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14504. [PMID: 35817418 PMCID: PMC9539465 DOI: 10.1111/and.14504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of erectile dysfunction in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. We enrolled 133 male patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnoea. Ear, nose and throat evaluation, laboratory tests, body mass index, Epworth sleepiness scale, 5‐international index of erectile function, overnight ambulatory polygraphy and drug‐induced sleep endoscopy patterns were assessed. Eighty patients reported obstructive sleep apnoea. 60% (n = 48) reported erectile dysfunction. Statistically significant correlations were found between 5‐International Index of Erectile Function and age, hypertension, diabetes, Epworth sleepiness scale, apnoea‐hypopnea index score, O2 saturation‐nadir, and oxygen desaturation index. Age, diabetes and O2 saturation‐nadir were independent predictors of erectile function. Epworth sleepiness scale, apnoea‐hypopnea index score, O2 saturation‐nadir, oxygen desaturation index and albumin were higher compared to patients without erectile dysfunction. No statistically significant differences were reported for drug‐induced sleep endoscopy patterns and erectile dysfunction. Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea were at significant risk of having erectile dysfunction. Males with obstructive sleep apnoea should be investigated for erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cantone
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry - ENT Section, University "Federico II", AOU "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,Head and Neck Department, UOC Otorhinolaryngology, AOU "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Massanova
- Department of Urology, Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Southend-On-Sea, UK
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Barone
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Arcaniolo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Urology Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Romano
- Department of ENT, San Bassiano Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Gaetano Motta
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Head and Neck Surgery Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Celia
- Department of Urology, San Bassiano Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
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Pincus J, Sandoval V, Dick B, Sanekommu G, Rajasekaran R, Ramasamy R, Raheem O. E-Cigarette-Associated Endothelial Damage: A Potential Mechanism for Erectile Dysfunction. Sex Med Rev 2021; 10:168-173. [PMID: 33931382 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) have increased in popularity as a potentially less harmful alternative to tobacco smoking; however, the literature suggests "vaping" can cause endothelial damage, which can adversely affect erectile function. While there is a known link between smoking cigarettes and erectile dysfunction (ED), the effect of e-cigs on erectile function has been understudied. OBJECTIVES To review the evidence for e-cig use causing endothelial dysfunction, to explore endothelial dysfunction as a potential mechanism for ED, and to determine if there is literature to support e-cigs as a cause of ED. METHODS A literature review was performed to identify publications pertaining to e-cig consumption and ED. Publications regarding e-cig consumption and vascular or endothelial damage were also included. The search was conducted through PubMed, MEDLINE database, the Cochrane Library Central Search, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We identified 40+ publications for review, including 6 clinical trials and 3 basic science studies. RESULTS The literature suggests that e-cig use induces oxidative stress, including the direct formation of reactive oxygen species and hydroxyl radicals, leading to endothelial damage. Endothelial dysfunction is a potential mechanism for ED, but there is a paucity of studies evaluating the relationship between e-cig use and ED. CONCLUSION E-cig use may cause ED in men, but more studies, specifically clinical trials, are needed to establish a relationship between e-cigs and ED. E-cig-induced endothelial dysfunction is a potential mechanism for ED that is worth exploring further. J Pincus, V Sandoval, B Dick, et al. E-Cigarette-Associated Endothelial Damage: A Potential Mechanism for Erectile Dysfunction. Sex Med Rev 2021;XX:XXX-XXX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Pincus
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Victor Sandoval
- Department of Urology, Hospital Valentin Gomez Farias, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Brian Dick
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ganesh Sanekommu
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Raj Rajasekaran
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Omer Raheem
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Corona G, Sansone A, Pallotti F, Ferlin A, Pivonello R, Isidori AM, Maggi M, Jannini EA. People smoke for nicotine, but lose sexual and reproductive health for tar: a narrative review on the effect of cigarette smoking on male sexuality and reproduction. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:1391-1408. [PMID: 32323225 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To systematically review the impact of smoking habits on cardiovascular (CV) as well as on male sexual and reproductive function and to provide updated evidence on the role of electronic cigarettes (e-Cig) on the same topics. METHODS A comprehensive Medline, Embase, and Cochrane search was performed including the following words: smoking, CV system, CV risk, erectile dysfunction (ED), and male fertility. Publications from January 1, 1969 up to February 29, 2020 were included. RESULTS Smoking has a tremendous negative impact on CV mortality and morbidity. Current smoking behavior is also negatively associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) and impaired sperm parameters. E-Cig can release significantly lower concentrations of harmful substances when compared to regular combustible cigarettes. Whether or not the latter can result in positive CV, sexual, and fertility outcomes is still under study. Preliminary studies showed that exposure to e-Cig leads to lower vascular damage when compared to the traditional cigarette use. However, data on the long-term effects of e-Cig are lacking. Similarly, preliminary data, obtained in animal models, have suggested a milder effect of e-Cig on erectile function and sperm parameters. CONCLUSION Available evidence showed that e-Cig are much less dangerous when compared to the traditional tobacco use. However, it should be recognized that the risk related to e-Cig is still higher when compared to that observed in non-smoking patients. Hence, e-Cig should be considered as a potential tool, in the logic of harm reduction, to reduce the CV, sexual and fertility risk in patients refractory to the fundamental, healthy choice to definitively quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Corona
- Medical Department, Endocrinology Unit, Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital, Azienda-Usl Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Sansone
- Chair of Endocrinology & Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - F Pallotti
- Laboratory of Seminology-Sperm Bank "Loredana Gandini", Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Ferlin
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - R Pivonello
- Division of Endocrinology, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - A M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Maggi
- Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Endocrinology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - E A Jannini
- Chair of Endocrinology & Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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