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Chen XJ, Liu SY, Li SM, Feng JK, Hu Y, Cheng XZ, Hou CZ, Xu Y, Hu M, Feng L, Xiao L. The recent advance and prospect of natural source compounds for the treatment of heart failure. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27110. [PMID: 38444481 PMCID: PMC10912389 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a continuously developing syndrome of cardiac insufficiency caused by diseases, which becomes a major disease endangering human health as well as one of the main causes of death in patients with cardiovascular diseases. The occurrence of heart failure is related to hemodynamic abnormalities, neuroendocrine hormones, myocardial damage, myocardial remodeling etc, lead to the clinical manifestations including dyspnea, fatigue and fluid retention with complex pathophysiological mechanisms. Currently available drugs such as cardiac glycoside, diuretic, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, vasodilator and β receptor blocker etc are widely used for the treatment of heart failure. In particular, natural products and related active ingredients have the characteristics of mild efficacy, low toxicity, multi-target comprehensive efficacy, and have obvious advantages in restoring cardiac function, reducing energy disorder and improving quality of life. In this review, we mainly focus on the recent advance including mechanisms and active ingredients of natural products for the treatment of heart failure, which will provide the inspiration for the development of more potent clinical drugs against heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Juan Chen
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Si-Yuan Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Si-Ming Li
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| | | | - Ying Hu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Cheng
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Hou
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yun Xu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Mu Hu
- Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ling Feng
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
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Jiang W, Lin Y, Qian L, Lu S, Shen H, Ge X, Miao L. Mulberry Leaf Polysaccharides Attenuate Oxidative Stress Injury in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:136. [PMID: 38397734 PMCID: PMC10886326 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of mulberry leaf polysaccharides (MLPs) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress injury in the peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) of Megalobrama amblycephala. Five treatment groups were established in vitro: the NC group (PBLs incubated in an RPMI-1640 complete medium for 4 h), the HP group (PBLs incubated in an RPMI-1640 complete medium for 3 h, and then stimulated with 100 μM of H2O2 for 1 h), and the 50/100/200-MLP pre-treatment groups (PBLs were pre-treated with MLPs (50, 100, and 200 μg/mL) for 3 h, and then stimulated with 100 μM of H2O2 for 1 h). The results showed that MLP pre-treatment dose-dependently enhanced PBLs' antioxidant capacities. The 200 μg/mL MLP pre-treatment effectively protected the antioxidant system of PBLs from H2O2-induced oxidative damage by reducing the malondialdehyde content and lactic dehydrogenase cytotoxicity, and increasing catalase and superoxide dismutase activities (p < 0.05). The over-production of reactive oxygen species, depletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential were significantly inhibited in the 200-MLP pre-treatment group (p < 0.05). The expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (forkhead box O1α (foxO1α), binding immunoglobulin protein (bip), activating transcription factor 6 (atf6), and C/EBP-homologous protein (chop)), Ca2+ transport-related genes (voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 (vdac1), mitofusin 2 (mfn2), and mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (mcu)), and interleukin 6 (il-6) and bcl2-associated x (bax) were significantly lower in the 200-MLP pre-treatment group than in the HP group (p < 0.05), which rebounded to normal levels in the NC group (p > 0.05). These results indicated that MLP pre-treatment attenuated H2O2-induced PBL oxidative damage in the M. amblycephala by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and maintaining mitochondrial function. These findings also support the possibility that MLPs can be exploited as a natural dietary supplement for M. amblycephala, as they protect against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Jiang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (W.J.); (L.Q.); (X.G.)
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Linjie Qian
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (W.J.); (L.Q.); (X.G.)
| | - Siyue Lu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Huaishun Shen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (W.J.); (L.Q.); (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Xianping Ge
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (W.J.); (L.Q.); (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Linghong Miao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (W.J.); (L.Q.); (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.)
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Ren C, Zhao X, Liu K, Wang L, Chen Q, Jiang H, Gao X, Lv X, Zhi X, Wu X, Li Y. Research progress of natural medicine Astragalus mongholicus Bunge in treatment of myocardial fibrosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 305:116128. [PMID: 36623754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is a common pathological manifestation of many cardiovascular diseases at a certain stage, with excessive accumulation of collagen fibers, excessive increase in collagen content, and a significant increase in collagen volume as the main pathological changes. There are currently no effective drugs for the treatment of myocardial fibrosis. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the main component of the medical practice used for more than 5000 years, especially in China, often exerts a wider action spectrum than previously attempted options in treating human diseases. In recent times, the great potential of TCM in the treatment of MF has received much attention. Especially many experimental studies on the treatment of MF by Astragalus mongholicus Bunge have been conducted, and the effect is remarkable, which may provide more comprehensive database and theoretical support for the application of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge in the treatment of MF and could be considered a promising candidate drug for preventing MF. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review summarizes the chemical components of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge, Astragalus mongholicus Bunge extract, Astragalus mongholicus Bunge single prescription, and Astragalus mongholicus Bunge compound preparation in the treatment of MF, and provides comprehensive information and a reliable basis for the exploration of new treatment strategies of botanical drugs in the therapy of MF. METHODS The literature information was obtained from the scientific databases on ethnobotany and ethnomedicines (up to August 2022), mainly from the PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases. The experimental studies on the anti-myocardial fibrosis role of the effective active components of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and the utility of its compound preparation and the involved mechanisms were identified. The search keywords for such work included: "myocardial fibrosis" or "Cardiac fibrosis ", and "Astragalus mongholicus Bunge", "extract," or "herb". RESULTS Several studies have shown that the effective active components of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and its formulas, particularly Astragaloside IV, Astragalus polysaccharide, total saponins of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge, triterpenoid saponins of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge, and cycloastragenol, exhibit potential benefits against MF, the mechanisms of which appear to involve the regulation of inflammation, oxidant stress, and pro-fibrotic signaling pathways, etc. Conclusion: These research works have shown the therapeutic benefits of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge in the treatment of MF. However, further research should be undertaken to clarify the unconfirmed chemical composition and regulatory mechanisms, conduct standard clinical trials, and evaluate the possible side effects. The insights in the present review provided rich ideas for developing new anti-MF drugs. THESIS Myocardial fibrosis (MF) with excessive accumulation of collagen fibers, excessive increase in collagen content, and a significant increase in collagen volume as the main pathological changes is a common pathological manifestation of many cardiovascular diseases at a certain stage, which seriously affects cardiac function. At present, there is still a lack of effective drugs for the treatment of MF. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the main component of the medical practice used for more than 5000 years especially in China, often exerts wider action spectrum than previously attempted options in treating human diseases. In recent times, the great potential of TCM in the treatment of MF has received much attention. Especially many experimental studies on the treatment of MF by Astragalus mongholicus Bunge have been conducted, and the effect is remarkable, which may provide more comprehensive data base and theoretical support for the application of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge in the treatment of MF and could be considered a promising candidate drug for preventing MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhen Ren
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for the Prevention andTreatment of Chronic Diseases, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key clinical specialty of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Key Specialized Cardiovascular Laboratory National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xinke Zhao
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for the Prevention andTreatment of Chronic Diseases, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key clinical specialty of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Key Specialized Cardiovascular Laboratory National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for the Prevention andTreatment of Chronic Diseases, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key clinical specialty of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Key Specialized Cardiovascular Laboratory National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lirong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for the Prevention andTreatment of Chronic Diseases, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key clinical specialty of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Key Specialized Cardiovascular Laboratory National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qilin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for the Prevention andTreatment of Chronic Diseases, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key clinical specialty of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Key Specialized Cardiovascular Laboratory National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hugang Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for the Prevention andTreatment of Chronic Diseases, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key clinical specialty of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Key Specialized Cardiovascular Laboratory National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for the Prevention andTreatment of Chronic Diseases, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key clinical specialty of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Key Specialized Cardiovascular Laboratory National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xinfang Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for the Prevention andTreatment of Chronic Diseases, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key clinical specialty of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Key Specialized Cardiovascular Laboratory National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhi
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for the Prevention andTreatment of Chronic Diseases, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key clinical specialty of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Key Specialized Cardiovascular Laboratory National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xue Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for the Prevention andTreatment of Chronic Diseases, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key clinical specialty of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Key Specialized Cardiovascular Laboratory National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China; The second hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yingdong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for the Prevention andTreatment of Chronic Diseases, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key clinical specialty of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Key Specialized Cardiovascular Laboratory National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Sun S, Yang S, Zhang N, Yu C, Liu J, Feng W, Xu W, Mao Y. Astragalus polysaccharides alleviates cardiac hypertrophy in diabetic cardiomyopathy via inhibiting the BMP10-mediated signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154543. [PMID: 36610158 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac hypertrophy can lead to cardiac dysfunction and is closely associated with mortality in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) is the main component extracted from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge (AM), which exhibits anti-hypertrophic effects on cardiomyocytes in various diseases. However, whether APS exerts anti-hypertrophic effects in DCM remains unclear. PURPOSE To investigate whether APS can attenuate cardiac hypertrophy in DCM and exert anti-hypertrophic effects by inhibiting the bone morphogenetic protein 10 (BMP10) pathway. METHODS The anti-hypertrophic effects of APS were studied in high-glucose (HG)-stimulated H9c2 cardiomyocytes and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DCM rats. BMP10 siRNA was used to inhibit BMP10 expression in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. Cardiac hypertrophy was evaluated using heart weight/body weight (HW/BW), RT-PCR, hematoxylin-eosin (HE), and rhodamine phalloidin staining. Changes in hypertrophic components, including BMP10 and downstream factors, were measured using western blotting. RESULTS In vitro, HG treatment increased the relative cell surface area of H9c2 cardiomyocytes, whereas BMP10 siRNA transfection or APS treatment alleviated the increase induced by HG. APS treatment improved the general condition, increased cardiac function, and decreased the HW/BW ratio, ANP mRNA level, and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area of DCM rats in vivo. Molecular experiments demonstrated that APS downregulated the levels of the pro-hypertrophic protein BMP10 and its downstream proteins ALK3, BMPRII, and p-Smad1/5/8 without affecting the level of total Smad1/5/8. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that APS can alleviate cardiac hypertrophy and protect against DCM by inhibiting activation of the BMP10 pathway. APS is a promising candidate for DCM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Chunpeng Yu
- Department of Interventional Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Wenjing Feng
- Department of Geriatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Wanqun Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yongjun Mao
- Department of Geriatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
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Li M, Han B, Zhao H, Xu C, Xu D, Sieniawska E, Lin X, Kai G. Biological active ingredients of Astragali Radix and its mechanisms in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153918. [PMID: 35104756 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the rising age of the global population, the incidence rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs) is increasing, which causes serious public health burden. The efforts for new therapeutic approaches are still being sought since the treatment effects of existing therapies are not quite satisfactory. Chinese traditional medicine proved to be very efficient in the treatment of CCVDs. Well described and established in Chinese medicine, Astragali Radix, has been commonly administered in the prophylaxis and cure of CCVDs for thousands of years. PURPOSE This review summarized the action mode and mechanisms of Astragali Radix phytochemicals on CCVDs, hoping to provide valuable information for the future application, development and improvement of Astragali Radix as well as CCVDs treatment. METHODS A plenty of literature on biological active ingredients of Astragali Radix used for CCVDs treatment were retrieved from online electronic PubMed and Web of Science databases. RESULTS This review highlighted the effects of five main active components in Astragali Radix including astragaloside Ⅳ, cycloastragenol, astragalus polysaccharide, calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, and calycosin on CCVDs. The mechanisms mainly involved anti-oxidative damage, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic through signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, Nrf2/HO-1, and TLR4/NF-κB pathway. In addition, the majority active constituents in AR have no obvious toxic side effects. CONCLUSION The main active components of Astragali Radix, especially AS-IV, have been extensively summarized. It has been proved that Astragali Radix has obvious therapeutic effects on various CCVDs, including myocardial and cerebral ischemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, chronic heart failure. CAG possesses anti-ischemia activity without toxicity, indicating a worthy of further development. However, high-quality clinical and pharmacokinetic studies are required to validate the current studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Li
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Bing Han
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Chongyi Xu
- Wenling Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 317500, China
| | - Daokun Xu
- Wenling Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 317500, China
| | - Elwira Sieniawska
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Xianming Lin
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
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Tuo X, Deng Z, Huang G, Gong H, Xie H. Astragalus polysaccharide attenuates overexercise-induce myocardial injury via activating AMPK signaling pathway to suppress inflammation and oxidative stress. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 94:e20210314. [PMID: 34787291 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120210314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive exercise leads to myocardial injury or even sudden exercise death. For the vast sports population, appropriate physiological state is a necessary condition for exercise. The present study aims to investigate the cardioprotective effects and potent mechanism of astragalus polysaccharide (APS) treatment against the exercise-induced myocardial injury via in vitro cell-based assay and in vivo model rat. Efficacies of APS incubation on the inflammatory response and oxidative stress induced by LPS were both explored in H9c2 cells by using CCK-8 and western blotting method, respectively. Normal SD rats were randomly divided into saline-treated overexercise rat group, and APS-treated overexercise rat groups with three doses. Then long-term swimming training load cycle (8 week) were performed on these rats. Finally, the changes on body weight, myocardial morphological and injury indicators, as well as the inflammation-related proteins in overexercise-induced model rats were all assessed. Three concentrations of APS all significantly increased cell viability, and decreased the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in LPS-treated H9c2 cells. Moreover, chronic treatment of APS at all three doses also could obviously decreased myocardial injury-related indicators. Furthermore, the histopathologic examination exhibited that the APS successfully attenuated the changes of myocardial tissues, reduced the lipid accumulation and the protein levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and NF-κB. Furthermore, the APS could activate the AMPK signaling pathway, enhance the autophagy and suppress the production of ROS. On conclusions, APS exerted the protective efficacies on overexercise-induced myocardial injury by activating the AMPK signaling pathway to increase autophagy and suppress the inflammation response, oxidative stress, apoptosis of myocardial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Tuo
- Guangdong Mechanical and Electrical Polytechnic, No.2 Chanchushi Rd. East, Tonghe, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, PR, China
| | - Zhijian Deng
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Harbour Road, n 621, Whampoa District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510700, PR, China
| | - Guochao Huang
- Guangzhou Liwan District Peizhen Primary School, n 4, Pingxi First Lane, Baihedong, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510380, PR, China
| | - Huiping Gong
- Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou Road, n 1268, Guangzhou Avenue Middle, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510500, PR, China
| | - Hezhi Xie
- Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou Road, n 1268, Guangzhou Avenue Middle, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510500, PR, China
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Xie M, Tao W, Wu F, Wu K, Huang X, Ling G, Zhao C, Lv Q, Wang Q, Zhou X, Chen Y, Yuan Q, Chen Y. Anti-hypertensive and cardioprotective activities of traditional Chinese medicine-derived polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:917-934. [PMID: 34229020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a leading cause of death in modern society, have become a major public health issue globally. Although numerous approaches have been proposed to reduce morbidity and mortality, the pursuit of pharmaceuticals with more preventive and/or therapeutic value remains a focus of attention. Being a vast treasure trove of natural drug molecules, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a long history of clinical use in the prophylaxis and remedy of CVDs. Increasing lines of preclinical evidence have demonstrated the effectiveness of TCM-derived polysaccharides on hindering the progression of CVDs, e.g. hypertension, myocardial infarction. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are few reviews on the application of TCM-derived polysaccharides in combating CVDs. Hence, we provide an overview of primary literature on the anti-hypertensive and cardioprotective activities of herbal polysaccharides. Additionally, we also discuss the current limitations and propose a new hypothesis about how polysaccharides exert cardiovascular effects based on the metabolism of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaotian Xie
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Weili Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengjia Wu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Kunlin Wu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiujie Huang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Gensong Ling
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanyi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiongjin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianhuan Zhou
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Yuan
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yicun Chen
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Li Y, Zhang Z, Li S, Yu T, Jia Z. Therapeutic Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Cardiovascular Diseases: the Central Role of Calcium Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:682273. [PMID: 34305595 PMCID: PMC8299363 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.682273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium, as a second messenger, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The malfunction of calcium signaling in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells promotes hypertension. In cardiomyocytes, calcium overload induces apoptosis, leading to myocardial infarction and arrhythmias. Moreover, the calcium–calcineurin–nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway is essential for expressing the cardiac pro-hypertrophic gene. Heart failure is also characterized by reduced calcium transient amplitude and enhanced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium leakage. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat CVDs for thousands of years in China. Because of its multicomponent and multitarget characteristics, TCM's unique advantages in CVD treatment are closely related to the modulation of multiple calcium handling proteins and calcium signaling pathways in different types of cells involved in distinct CVDs. Thus, we systematically review the diverse mechanisms of TCM in regulating calcium pathways to treat various types of CVDs, ranging from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to diabetic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoqi Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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He Y, Huang W, Zhang C, Chen L, Xu R, Li N, Wang F, Han L, Yang M, Zhang D. Energy metabolism disorders and potential therapeutic drugs in heart failure. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1098-1116. [PMID: 34094822 PMCID: PMC8144890 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a global public health problem with high morbidity and mortality. A large number of studies have shown that HF is caused by severe energy metabolism disorders, which result in an insufficient heart energy supply. This deficiency causes cardiac pump dysfunction and systemic energy metabolism failure, which determine the development of HF and recovery of heart. Current HF therapy acts by reducing heart rate and cardiac preload and afterload, treating the HF symptomatically or delaying development of the disease. Drugs aimed at cardiac energy metabolism have not yet been developed. In this review, we outline the main characteristics of cardiac energy metabolism in healthy hearts, changes in metabolism during HF, and related pathways and targets of energy metabolism. Finally, we discuss drugs that improve cardiac function via energy metabolism to provide new research ideas for the development and application of drugs for treating HF.
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10
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Gu J, Qiu M, Lu Y, Ji Y, Qian Z, Sun W. Piperlongumine attenuates angiotensin-II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis by inhibiting Akt-FoxO1 signalling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 82:153461. [PMID: 33497927 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis are closely related to cardiac dysfunction, especially diastolic dysfunction. Limited medications can be used to simultaneously delay cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in clinical practice. Piperlongumine (PLG) is an amide alkaloid extracted from Piper longum and has been shown to have multiple biological effects, including anticancer and antioxidant effects. However, the role of PLG in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis is not clear. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to reveal the role of PLG in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and the associated mechanism. METHODS Cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis were induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) in vivo and in vitro. The effect of PLG in vivo, in vitro and its mechanism were investigated by proliferation and apoptosis assays, western blot, real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, histochemistry, echocardiography, flow cytometry and chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Proliferation and apoptosis assays showed that 2.5 μM PLG slightly inhibited proliferation and did not promote apoptosis. Treatment with 5 mg/kg PLG obviously inhibited Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in vivo. In vitro studies of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) showed that the anti-hypertrophic effect of PLG was mediated by reducing the phosphorylation of Akt and thereby preserving the level of Forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FoxO1), since knockdown of FoxO1 by siRNA reversed the protective effect of PLG on NRCMs. In addition, PLG significantly decreased the Ang II-induced expression of profibrotic proteins in neonatal cardiac fibroblasts by reducing the expression of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and the recruitment of KLF4 to the promoter regions of transforming growth factor-β and connective tissue growth factor. CONCLUSION We demonstrate the cardioprotective effects of PLG in both cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and the potential value of PLG for developing novel medications for pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ming Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yue Ji
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhihong Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, PR China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, PR China; Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
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11
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Su HF, Shaker S, Kuang Y, Zhang M, Ye M, Qiao X. Phytochemistry and cardiovascular protective effects of Huang-Qi (Astragali Radix). Med Res Rev 2021; 41:1999-2038. [PMID: 33464616 DOI: 10.1002/med.21785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Huang-Qi (Astragali Radix) is an herbal tonic widely used in China and many other countries. It is derived from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus and shows potent cardiovascular protective effects. In this article, we comprehensively reviewed 189 small molecules isolated from the two Astragalus species and discussed the interspecies chemical differences. Moreover, we summarized the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action of Huang-Qi and its major bioactive compounds for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review covers 171 references published between February 1983 and March 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sharpkate Shaker
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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12
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Li J, Gao Q, Wang S, Kang Z, Li Z, Lei S, Sun X, Zhao M, Chen X, Jiao G, Hu H, Hao L. Sustained increased CaMKII phosphorylation is involved in the impaired regression of isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 144:30-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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13
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Nicotine induces cardiac toxicity through blocking mitophagic clearance in young adult rat. Life Sci 2020; 257:118084. [PMID: 32663572 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since an outbreak of vaping-related deaths in the US has been reported as a public health crisis, the cardiovascular safety of nicotine nowadays receives increasing attention due to use of tobacco cigarette alternatives, such as electronic cigarettes. However, whether and how nicotine contributes to cardiac detrimental effects are in great controversy, especially less understood in young adult population. We report that chronic nicotine exposure, a major component of Electronic cigarettes, resulted in directly inhibited cardiomyocytes viability, increased cardiac fibrosis, and markedly suppressed cardiac function compared with sham. Gene array combined with bioinformatics analysis identified cardiac apoptosis and mitophagy were the key signals responsible for nicotine induced cardiac detrimental effect. Mechanistically, nicotine exposure markedly increased cleaved Caspase 3 and cleaved Caspase 9 indicating the involvement of intrinsic apoptotic pathway (mitochondrial cell death pathway). Meanwhile, nicotine-induced ROS outbreak promoted lysomal alkalization, furthermore blocked mitophagic degradation, thereby disrupted mitophagic flux promoted mitochondrial cell death cascade. Taken together, these findings indicate that nicotine confers cardiotoxicity via ROS-induced mitophagic flux blockage and provide the first demonstration of a causative link between nicotine and cardiac toxicity in young adult rat which may suggest nicotine induces cardiomyocytes impairment leading to cardiotoxicity in young adult population.
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Cheng W, Yang S, Li X, Liang F, Zhou R, Wang H, Feng Y, Wang Y. Low doses of BPA induced abnormal mitochondrial fission and hypertrophy in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes via the calcineurin-DRP1 signaling pathway: A comparison between XX and XY cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 388:114850. [PMID: 31830493 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Humans are inevitably exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) via multiple exposure ways. Thus, attention should be raised to the possible adverse effects related to low doses of BPA. Epidemiological studies have outlined BPA exposure and the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (such as cardiac hypertrophy), which has been confirmed to be sex-specific in rodent animals and present in few in vitro studies, although the molecular mechanism is still unclear. However, whether BPA at low doses equivalent to human internal exposure level could induce cardiac hypertrophy via the calcineurin-DRP1 signaling pathway by disrupting calcium homeostasis is unknown. To address this, human embryonic stem cell (H1, XY karyotype and H9, XX karyotype)-derived cardiomyocytes (CM) were purified and applied to study the low-dose effects of BPA on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In our study, when H1- and H9-CM were exposed to noncytotoxic BPA (8 ng/ml), markedly elevated hypertrophic-related mRNA expression levels (such as NPPA and NPPB), enhanced cellular area and reduced ATP supplementation, demonstrated the hypertrophic cardiomyocyte phenotype in vitro. The excessive fission produced by BPA was promoted by CnAβ-mediated dephosphorylation of DRP1. At the molecular level, the increase in cytosolic Ca2+ levels by low doses of BPA could discriminate between H1- and H9-CM, which may suggest a potential sex-specific hypertrophic risk in cardiomyocytes in terms of abnormal mitochondrial fission and ATP production by impairing CnAβ-DRP1 signaling. In CnAβ-knockdown cardiomyocytes, these changes were highly presented in XX-karyotyped cells, rather than in XY-karyotyped cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Shoufei Yang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Fan Liang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Ren Zhou
- The Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Yan Feng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China; The Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, PR China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
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Guo Z, Lou Y, Kong M, Luo Q, Liu Z, Wu J. A Systematic Review of Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics on Astragali Radix: Implications for Astragali Radix as a Personalized Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1463. [PMID: 30909474 PMCID: PMC6470777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragali radix (AR) is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese herbal medicines. Modern pharmacological studies and clinical practices indicate that AR possesses various biological functions, including potent immunomodulation, antioxidant, anti-inflammation and antitumor activities. To date, more than 200 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from AR. Among them, isoflavonoids, saponins and polysaccharides are the three main types of beneficial compounds responsible for its pharmacological activities and therapeutic efficacy. After ingestion of AR, the metabolism and biotransformation of the bioactive compounds were extensive in vivo. The isoflavonoids and saponins and their metabolites are the major type of constituents absorbed in plasma. The bioavailability barrier (BB), which is mainly composed of efflux transporters and conjugating enzymes, is expected to have a significant impact on the bioavailability of AR. This review summarizes studies on the phytochemistry, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics on AR. Additionally, the use of AR as a personalized medicine based on the BB is also discussed, which may provide beneficial information to achieve a better and more accurate therapeutic response of AR in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Guo
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Yanmei Lou
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Muyan Kong
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Qing Luo
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR) 999078, China.
| | - Jinjun Wu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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Allawadhi P, Khurana A, Sayed N, Kumari P, Godugu C. Isoproterenol-induced cardiac ischemia and fibrosis: Plant-based approaches for intervention. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1908-1932. [PMID: 30009418 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Heart is the most active and incumbent organ of the body, which maintains blood flow, but due to various pathological reasons, several acute and chronic cardiac complications arise out of which myocardial infarction is one of the teething problems. Isoproterenol (ISP)-induced myocardial ischemia is a classical model to screen the cardioprotective effects of various pharmacological interventions. Phytochemicals present a novel option for treating various human maladies including those of the heart. A large number of plant products and their active ingredients have been screened for efficacy in ameliorating ISP-induced myocardial ischemia including coriander, curcumin, Momordica, quercetin, and Withania somnifera. These phytochemicals constituents may play key role in preventing disease and help in cardiac remodeling. Reactive oxygen species scavenging, antiinflammatory, and modulation of various molecular pathways such as Nrf2, NFкB, p-21 activated kinase 1 (PAK1), and p-smad2/3 signaling modulation have been implicated behind the claimed protection. In this review, we have provided a focused overview on the utility of ISP-induced cardiotoxicity, myocardial ischemia, and cardiac fibrosis for preclinical research. In addition, we have also surveyed molecular mechanism of various plant-based interventions screened for cardioprotective effect in ISP-induced cardiotoxicity, and their probable mechanistic profile is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Allawadhi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Nilofer Sayed
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Preeti Kumari
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
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Zhang Y, Yan W, Ji X, Yue H, Li G, Sang N. Maternal NO2 exposure induces cardiac hypertrophy in male offspring via ROS-HIF-1α transcriptional regulation and aberrant DNA methylation modification of Csx/Nkx2.5. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:1563-1579. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Tang G, Shen Y, Gao P, Song SS, Si LY. Klotho attenuates isoproterenol-induced hypertrophic response in H9C2 cells by activating Na+/K+-ATPase and inhibiting the reverse mode of Na+/Ca2+-exchanger. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:250-256. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-017-0215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zhang Y, Kong WN, Chai XQ. Compound of icariin, astragalus, and puerarin mitigates iron overload in the cerebral cortex of Alzheimer's disease mice. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:731-736. [PMID: 29722328 PMCID: PMC5950686 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.230302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that disruption of normal iron homeostasis may contribute to pathological development of Alzheimer's disease. Icariin, astragalus, and puerarin have been shown to suppress iron overload in the cerebral cortex and improve spatial learning and memory disorders in Alzheimer's disease mice, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mice were administered icariin, astragalus, and puerarin (120, 80, and 80 mg/kg, respectively, once a day, for 3 months). Iron levels were detected by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were measured in the cerebral cortex by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde content were determined by colorimetry. Our results demonstrate that after treatment, iron levels and malondialdehyde content are decreased, while glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities are increased. Further, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were reduced. These results confirm that compounds of icariin, astragalus, and puerarin may alleviate iron overload by reducing oxidative stress and the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wei-Na Kong
- Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xi-Qing Chai
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University; Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
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Jia G, Leng B, Wang H, Dai H. Inhibition of cardiotrophin‑1 overexpression is involved in the anti‑fibrotic effect of Astrogaloside IV. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8365-8370. [PMID: 28990065 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AsIV), one of the major active ingredients in Astragalus membranaceus, has demonstrated remarkable antifibrotic effects via its antioxidative activity. Cardiac fibrosis is an important pathological mechanism during cardiac remodelling associated with heart failure. In the present study, the mechanism underlying the antifibrotic effect of AsIV upon isoprenaline (ISO) stimulation was investigated. AsIV significantly improved cardiac fibrosis in vivo and dose‑dependently inhibited ISO‑induced CF proliferation in vitro. The ISO‑triggered elevation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels was remarkably inhibited by AsIV, as well as ROS scavenger N‑acetylcysteine (NAC), and not affected by cardiotrophin‑1 (CT‑1) knockdown. In addition, AsIV effectively reversed ISO‑induced upregulation of CT‑1 expression, which was blunted by pretreatment with NAC. Cardiac fibroblast (CF) proliferation and collagen Ι overexpression induced by ISO stimulation were effectively abrogated by AsIV, NAC, and CT‑1 small interfering RNA transfection. Taken together, these results demonstrated that AsIV was able to effectively inhibit ISO‑induced CF proliferation and collagen production through negative regulation of ROS‑mediated CT‑1 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhi Jia
- Department of Physiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Leng
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Dai
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
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Li S, Nong Y, Gao Q, Liu J, Li Y, Cui X, Wan J, Lu J, Sun M, Wu Q, Shi X, Cui H, Liu W, Zhou M, Li L, Lin Q. Astragalus Granule Prevents Ca 2+ Current Remodeling in Heart Failure by the Downregulation of CaMKII. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:7517358. [PMID: 28855948 PMCID: PMC5569633 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7517358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragalus was broadly used for treating heart failure (HF) and arrhythmias in East Asia for thousands of years. Astragalus granule (AG), extracted from Astragalus, shows beneficial effect on the treatment of HF in clinical research. We hypothesized that administration of AG prevents the remodeling of L-type Ca2+ current (ICa-L) in HF mice by the downregulation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). METHODS HF mice were induced by thoracic aortic constriction (TAC). After 4 weeks of AG treatment, cardiac function and QT interval were evaluated. Single cardiac ventricular myocyte was then isolated and whole-cell patch clamp was used to record action potential (AP) and ICa-L. The expressions of L-type calcium channel alpha 1C subunit (Cav1.2), CaMKII, and phosphorylated protein kinase A (p-PKA) were examined by western blot. RESULTS The failing heart manifested distinct electrical remodeling including prolonged repolarization time and altered ICa-L kinetics. AG treatment attenuated this electrical remodeling, supported by AG-related shortened repolarization time, decreased peak ICa-L, accelerated ICa-L inactivation, and positive frequency-dependent ICa-L facilitation. In addition, AG treatment suppressed the overexpression of CaMKII, but not p-PKA, in the failing heart. CONCLUSION AG treatment protected the failing heart against electrical remodeling and ICa-L remodeling by downregulating CaMKII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinai Li
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Yibing Nong
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Qun Gao
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Yan Li
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Xiaoyun Cui
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Jie Wan
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Jinjin Lu
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Mingjie Sun
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaolu Shi
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Haifeng Cui
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Weihong Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Mingxue Zhou
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Lina Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
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Sun S, Yang S, Dai M, Jia X, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Mao Y. The effect of Astragalus polysaccharides on attenuation of diabetic cardiomyopathy through inhibiting the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in high glucose -stimulated H9C2 cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:310. [PMID: 28610566 PMCID: PMC5470251 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Apoptosis plays a critical role in the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), an extract of astragalus membranaceus (AM), is an effective cardioprotectant. Currently, little is known about the detailed mechanisms underlying cardioprotective effects of APS. The aims of this study were to investigate the potential effects and mechanisms of APS on apoptosis employing a model of high glucose induction of apoptosis in H9C2 cells. Methods A model of high glucose induction of H9C2 cell apoptosis was adopted in this research. The cell viabilities were analyzed by MTT assay, and the apoptotic response was quantified by flow cytometry. The expression levels of the apoptosis related proteins were determined by Real-time PCR and western blotting. Results Incubation of H9C2 cells with various concentrations of glucose (i.e., 5.5, 12.5, 25, 33 and 44 mmol/L) for 24 h revealed that cell viability was reduced by high glucose dose-dependently. Pretreatment of cells with APS could inhibit high glucose-induced H9C2 cell apoptosis by decreasing the expressions of caspases and the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytoplasm. Further experiments also showed that APS could modulate the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax in mitochondria. Conclusions APS decreases high glucose-induced H9C2 cell apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins of both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways and modulating the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax in mitochondria.
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Dai H, Jia G, Wang W, Liang C, Han S, Chu M, Mei X. Genistein inhibited ammonia induced astrocyte swelling by inhibiting NF-κB activation-mediated nitric oxide formation. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:841-848. [PMID: 28255863 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-9975-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study has indicated the involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation in ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling, which represents a major pathogenesis of brain edema in hepatic encephalopathy. In this study, we examined the effect of genistein, a naturally occurred broad-spectrum protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor, on ammonia-induced cell swelling. We found that genistein pretreatment significantly prevented ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling. Mechanistically, ammonia triggered EGFR/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) association and subsequent ERK phosphorylation were alleviated by genistein pretreatment. Moreover, ammonia-induced NF-κB nuclear location, iNOS expression, and consequent NO production were all prevented by AG1478 and genistein pretreatment. This study suggested that genistein could alleviate ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling, which may be, at least partly, related to its PTK-inhibiting activity and repression of NF-κB mediated iNOS-derived NO accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Dai
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 40, Section 3, Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China.
| | - Guizhi Jia
- Department of Physiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunguang Liang
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 40, Section 3, Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Siyu Han
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 40, Section 3, Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Minghui Chu
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 40, Section 3, Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang R, Yu Q, Shi G, Liu R, Zhang W, Zhao X, Li G, Ge M. chTLR4 pathway activation by Astragalus polysaccharide in bursa of Fabricius. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:119. [PMID: 28464901 PMCID: PMC5414374 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway involves in the pathogen recognition and defense against infection in mammals. Considering that avian and mammalian TLR are differentially mediated, the action of a natural product on avian TLR4 pathway was unclear. High, medium and low doses of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), were treated the chicken at 7-days-old age by gavage. The sIgA level in the intestinal fluid, the expression of chTLR4 mRNA/protein in bursa of Fabricius as well as the expression of downstream molecules of chTLR4 (chMyD88, chTRIF, chNF-κB, chIRF3, chIFN-β and chTNF-α) were measured on alternate days. Results The content of sIgA and the chTLR4 mRNA expression/protein level were increased in non-dose-dependent manner after APS supplement. Also, the expressions of a subset of MyD88-independent pathway genes were more than MyD88-independent, in particular with low doses of APS supplement for 7 days. Conclusions These suggest that administration of APS activates chTLR4 pathway in bursa of Fabricius in MyD88-independent pathway. Meanwhile, low dose of APS shows better performance regarding the activation of chTLR4 and regulation of MyD88-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qun Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.,Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Guangliang Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Weiqian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Guangxing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ming Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Xu Z, Kong XQ. Bixin ameliorates high fat diet-induced cardiac injury in mice through inflammation and oxidative stress suppression. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:991-1004. [PMID: 28292028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is known as an essential complication of diabetes, a main reason leading to mortality for diabetic patients, and novel therapeutic strategies for treatment are urgently required. Bixin (BX), isolated from the seeds of Bixa orellana, is a carotenoid, possessing anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-oxidant activities. In our study, we attempted to calculate the role of bixin in cardiac injury progression, and reveal the possible molecular mechanism. Bixin treatment ameliorated cardiac dysfunction through inhibiting fibrosis, inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. It reduced fibrosis levels via collagen deposition down-regulation. Inflammatory response was attenuated by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion via Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B (TLR4/NF-κB) signaling pathway inactivation in mice induced by high fat diet. Also, in in vitro studies, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated cardiac muscle cells exhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines over-expression, which was reduced by bixin through blocking TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Additionally, oxidative stress triggered by high fat in vivo and LPS in vitro was down-regulated for bixin administration via nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway activation. Our study suggested that bixin might be a novel and protective agent with therapeutic activity against cardiac injury by suppressing fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Xiang-Qing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Han R, Tang F, Lu M, Xu C, Hu J, Mei M, Wang H. Astragalus polysaccharide ameliorates H2O2-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell injury. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:4027-4034. [PMID: 28487940 PMCID: PMC5436204 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in numerous cardiovascular diseases. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), an important bioactive component extracted from the Chinese herb Astragalus membranaceus, has been widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of APS on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury. Following treatment with 400 µM H2O2 for 24 h, cell viability was decreased and apoptosis was increased. However, pretreatment with APS for 1 h significantly attenuated H2O2-induced injury in HUVECs. In addition, APS decreased intracellular ROS levels, increased the protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, elevated intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (an activity marker for nitric oxide) levels and restored the mitochondrial membrane potential, compared with cells treated with H2O2 only. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that APS may protect HUVECs from injury induced by H2O2 via increasing the cell antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, which may contribute to the improvement of the imbalance between ROS and NO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Futian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Meili Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Chonghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Jin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Meng Mei
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Drug Research Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
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Xie JH, Jin ML, Morris GA, Zha XQ, Chen HQ, Yi Y, Li JE, Wang ZJ, Gao J, Nie SP, Shang P, Xie MY. Advances on Bioactive Polysaccharides from Medicinal Plants. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56 Suppl 1:S60-84. [PMID: 26463231 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1069255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the polysaccharides from the medicinal plants have attracted a lot of attention due to their significant bioactivities, such as anti-tumor activity, antioxidant activity, anticoagulant activity, antidiabetic activity, radioprotection effect, anti-viral activity, hypolipidemic and immunomodulatory activities, which make them suitable for medicinal applications. Previous studies have also shown that medicinal plant polysaccharides are non-toxic and show no side effects. Based on these encouraging observations, most researches have been focusing on the isolation and identification of polysaccharides, as well as their bioactivities. A large number of bioactive polysaccharides with different structural features and biological effects from medicinal plants have been purified and characterized. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the most recent developments in physiochemical, structural features and biological activities of bioactive polysaccharides from a number of important medicinal plants, such as polysaccharides from Astragalus membranaceus, Dendrobium plants, Bupleurum, Cactus fruits, Acanthopanax senticosus, Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, Aloe barbadensis Miller, and Dimocarpus longan Lour. Moreover, the paper has also been focused on the applications of bioactive polysaccharides for medicinal applications. Recent studies have provided evidence that polysaccharides from medicinal plants can play a vital role in bioactivities. The contents and data will serve as a useful reference material for further investigation, production, and application of these polysaccharides in functional foods and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Xie
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang , P.R. China
| | - Ming-Liang Jin
- b Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Gordon A Morris
- c Department of Chemical Sciences , School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield , UK
| | - Xue-Qiang Zha
- d School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , P.R. China
| | - Han-Qing Chen
- d School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , P.R. China
| | - Yang Yi
- e College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan , P.R. China
| | - Jing-En Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang , P.R. China.,f College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University , Nanchang , P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Jun Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang , P.R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- d School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , P.R. China
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang , P.R. China
| | - Peng Shang
- b Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Ming-Yong Xie
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang , P.R. China
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Dai H, Jia G, Lu M, Liang C, Wang Y, Wang H. Astragaloside IV inhibits isoprenaline‑induced cardiac fibrosis by targeting the reactive oxygen species/mitogen‑activated protein kinase signaling axis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1765-1770. [PMID: 28260010 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is considered an important pathological mechanism in the progression of cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Astragaloside IV (AsIV) is a major active ingredient in Astragalus membranaceus. In a preliminary experiment, it was demonstrated that this naturally occurring substance exhibited cardioprotective effects via preventing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of AsIV on β‑adrenergic receptor (β‑AR)‑mediated cardiac fibrosis, and the associated mechanism. Cell Counting Kit‑8 (CCK‑8) assay was used to examine the proliferation of rat cardiac fibroblast (CF) cultures. Collagen I secretion was detected by ELISA. Dihydroethidium was used to determine intracellular ROS levels. Western blotting was used to examine the expression level of total and phosphorylated mitogen‑activated protein kinases (MAPKs). In the present study, the effects of AsIV on β‑adrenergic receptor (β‑AR) ‑mediated cardiac fibrosis were investigated, and the associated mechanism was revealed. Isoprenaline (ISO) is a selective β‑AR agonist, and treatment with AsIV significantly inhibited (ISO)‑triggered cardiac fibroblast proliferation and type I collagen synthesis. In addition, ISO resulted in a significant elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and phosphorylation of the three profibrotic MAPKs, namely extracellular signal‑regulated kinase, p38MAPK and c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase. AsIV effectively reversed the aforementioned ISO‑induced alterations. In addition, N‑acetylcysteine, a typical ROS scavenger, mimicked the inhibitory effects of AsIV on MAPK activation. The present study demonstrated that AsIV may inhibit ISO‑induced cardiac fibrosis by suppressing ROS‑mediated MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Dai
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Guizhi Jia
- Department of Physiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Meili Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Chunguang Liang
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
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Liu C, Huang Y. Chinese Herbal Medicine on Cardiovascular Diseases and the Mechanisms of Action. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:469. [PMID: 27990122 PMCID: PMC5130975 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the principal cause of death worldwide. The potentially serious adverse effects of therapeutic drugs lead to growing awareness of the role of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Chinese herbal medicine has been widely used in many countries especially in China from antiquity; however, the mechanisms by which herbal medicine acts in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases are far from clear. In this review, we briefly describe the characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine by comparing with western medicine. Then we summarize the formulae and herbs/natural products applied in the clinic and animal studies being sorted according to the specific cardiovascular diseases. Most importantly, we elaborate the existing investigations into mechanisms by which herbal compounds act at the cellular levels, including vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes and immune cells. Future research should focus on well-designed clinic trial, in-depth mechanic study, investigations on side effects of herbs and drug interactions. Studies on developing new agents with effectiveness and safety from traditional Chinese medicine is a promising way for prevention and treatment of patients with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiqing Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
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Protective effects of Astragalus polysaccharides against endothelial dysfunction in hypertrophic rats induced by isoproterenol. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 38:306-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhao HM, Wang Y, Huang XY, Huang MF, Xu R, Yue HY, Zhou BG, Huang HY, Sun QM, Liu DY. Astragalus polysaccharide attenuates rat experimental colitis by inducing regulatory T cells in intestinal Peyer’s patches. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:3175-3185. [PMID: 27003994 PMCID: PMC4789992 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i11.3175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore probable mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) against experimental colitis.
METHODS: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Colitis was induced with 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). The rats with colitis were treated with 400 mg/kg of APS for 7 d. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by colonic weight, weight index of the colon, colonic length, and macroscopic and histological scores. The levels of regulatory T (Treg) cells in Peyer’s patches were measured by flow cytometry, and cytokines in colonic tissue homogenates were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of related orphan receptor-γt (ROR-γt), IL-23 and STAT-5a was measured by Western blot.
RESULTS: After 7-d treatment with APS, the weight index of the colon, colonic weight, macroscopical and histological scores were decreased, while the colonic length was increased compared with the model group. The expression of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23 and ROR-γt in the colonic tissues was down-regulated, but Treg cells in Peyer’s patches, TGF-β and STAT5a in the colonic tissues were up-regulated.
CONCLUSION: APS effectively ameliorates TNBS-induced experimental colitis in rats, probably through restoring the number of Treg cells, and inhibiting IL-17 levels in Peyer’s patches.
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Yin H, Zhao L, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Lei S. MicroRNA‑1 suppresses cardiac hypertrophy by targeting nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 3. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:8282-8. [PMID: 26497337 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is a threat to human health due to the probability of sudden heart failure‑induced mortality. Previous studies have demonstrated that nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 3 (NFATC3) is important in the process of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the alteration in the expression levels of NFATC3 during cardiomyocyte hypertrophy has remained to be fully elucidated. In order to shed light on the molecular mechanism, the present study employed several approaches, including the measurement of the cell surface area, analysis of the protein/DNA ratio, western blot analysis and a Luciferase reporter assay using isolated rat cardiomyocytes as model. The results showed that expression of microRNA‑1 (miR‑1) was reduced in patients diagnosed with cardiac hypertrophy and rat cardiomyocytes treated with pro‑hypertrophic stimuli. The increase in the expression of miR‑1 was able to inhibit the hypertrophic remodeling of cardiomyocytes. The suppression of miR‑1 was sufficient to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and further experiments confirmed that NFATC3 was a target of miR‑1 in cardiomyocytes. Forced expression of NFATC3 inhibited the protective activity of miR‑1 against hypertrophic stimuli in the cardiomyocytes. These findings provided clarification of the regulatory signaling pathway underlying cardiac hypertrophy, and provided evidence that targeting the miR‑1/NFATC3 pathway may be a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of heart hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Yin
- The First Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- The First Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Shaoli Zhang
- The First Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Coronary Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Suyang Lei
- Coronary Care Unit, The Seventh People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450006, P.R. China
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Dai HL, Jia GZ, Zhao S. Total glycosides of Ranunculus japonius prevent hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes via alleviating chronic Ca(2+) overload. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 30:37-43. [PMID: 25837359 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-9294(15)30007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vitro anti-hypertrophic effect of total Glycosides of Ranunculus Japonius (TGRJ). METHODS Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were cultured and hypertrophy was induced by administrating isoproterenol (ISO, 10 µmol/L) or angiotensin 2 (Ang 2, 1 µmol/L) for 48 hours. In the treatment groups, cells were pretreated with TGRJ (0.3 g/L) for 30 minutes prior to hypertrophic stimuli. The anti-hypertrophic effects of TGRJ were examined by measuring cell size, total protein content, and protein synthesis. Intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) was evaluated using fluorescence dye Fura-2/AM. Sacroplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase 2a (SERCA2a), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and beta-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) protein expression levels were measured by Western blotting . SERCA2a activity was assayed by p-nitrophenal phosphate disodium salt hexahydrate method. RESULTS Increased cell size, total protein content, and protein synthesis following ISO or Ang 2 stimulation were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with TGRJ (all P<0.05). This anti-hypertrophic effect of TGRJ was confirmed by its suppressing effect on elevated expression of the three hypertrophic related genetic markers, ANP, BNP, and β-MHC. In addition, TGRJ inhibited ISO or Ang 2 induced up-regulation of [Ca(2+)]i under chronic but not acute conditions. And ISO or Ang 2 induced down-regulation of SERCA2a expression and activity was also effectively rectified by TGRJ pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS The results of present study suggested that TGRJ could prevent ISO or Ang 2 induced cardiac hypertrophy through improving chronic [Ca(2+)]i disorder, might via normalizing SERCA2a expression and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-liang Dai
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, China
| | - Gui-zhi Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Centre of Scientific Experiment, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, China
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Luan A, Tang F, Yang Y, Lu M, Wang H, Zhang Y. Astragalus polysaccharide attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy by regulating TNF-α/PGC-1α signaling mediated energy biosynthesis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:1081-90. [PMID: 25880160 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) extracted from Chinese medicine Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge, attenuates hypertrophy of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) induced by isoproterenol (Iso). The present study was designed to investigate the effects and the possible mechanism of APS on Iso-induced hypertrophy in rats and NRVMs with focus on tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) signaling mediated energy biosynthesis. 36-Week old rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) Control, rats received vehicle; (2) Iso, rats received isoproterenol injections; (3) Iso+APS, rats received isoproterenol injections and APS. NRVMs were divided into similar groups as rats. The results showed that combination of APS with Iso significantly attenuated the pathological changes, reduced the ratios of heart weight/body weight (HW/BW) and left ventricular weight/BW (LVW/BW), improved the cardiac hemodynamics, down-regulated mRNA and protein expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), increased the ratios of ATP/ADP and ATP/AMP, and decreased the content of free fatty acid (FFA) in heart tissue of rats compared with Iso alone. In addition, pretreatment with APS significantly decreased the surface area and protein content, down-regulated mRNA and protein expression of ANP, increased the ratios of ATP/ADP and ATP/AMP, and decreased the content of FFA in NRVMs compared with Iso alone. Furthermore, APS increased the protein expressions of ATP5D, the σ subunit of ATP synthase, PGC-1α and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) in tissue and NRVMs respectively and inhibited the production of TNF-α in serum and culture medium compared with Iso alone. The results suggested that APS attenuates Iso-induced cardiac hypertrophy through regulating TNF-α/PGC-1α signaling mediated energy biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Luan
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, No. 40, Section 3, Songpo Road, Jinzhou 121001, PR China; Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renming Jie, Jinzhou 121001, PR China
| | - Futian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, No. 40, Section 3, Songpo Road, Jinzhou 121001, PR China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, No. 40, Section 3, Songpo Road, Jinzhou 121001, PR China
| | - Meili Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, No. 40, Section 3, Songpo Road, Jinzhou 121001, PR China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, No. 40, Section 3, Songpo Road, Jinzhou 121001, PR China.
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renming Jie, Jinzhou 121001, PR China.
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