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Kim RJ, Hah YS, Gwark JY, Park HB. N-acetylcysteine reduces glutamate-induced cytotoxicity to fibroblasts of rat supraspinatus tendons. Connect Tissue Res 2019; 60:431-443. [PMID: 30755039 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1580702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Neuronal theory regarding rotator cuff degeneration has developed from the findings that glutamate, an amino acid and an excitatory neurotransmitter, is present in increased concentrations in tendon tissues with tendinopathy and that glutamate induces cell death in fibroblasts of origin in rat supraspinatus tendon. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has cytoprotective effects against glutamate-induced fibroblast death. Materials and Methods: Primary cultured fibroblasts were obtained from rat supraspinatus tendons. Varying concentrations of glutamate (0.5, 1, 5, and 10 mM) and of NAC (0.5, 1, 2, and 5 mM) were used for evaluation of cytotoxicity. Cell viability, cell cycles, types of cell death, intracellular ROS production, expressions of caspase-3/7, and Ca2+ influx were evaluated. Results: Glutamate significantly induced cell death, apoptosis, and Ca2+ influx and significantly increased caspase-3/7 activity and intracellular ROS production (p < 0.001). NAC significantly reduced the glutamate-induced cell death, apoptosis, Ca2+ influx, caspase-3/7 activity, and intracellular ROS production (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The glutamate-induced cytotoxic effects can be reduced by NAC, an antioxidant, through the reduction of intracellular oxidative stress and/or Ca2+ influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ra Jeong Kim
- a Department of Convergence Medical Science , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Korea
| | - Young-Sool Hah
- b Clinical Research Institute , Gyeongsang National University Hospital , Jinju , Korea
| | - Ji-Yong Gwark
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital , Changwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Bin Park
- d Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital , Changwon , Republic of Korea
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Tavakkoli A, Iranshahi M, Hasheminezhad SH, Hayes AW, Karimi G. The neuroprotective activities of natural products through the Nrf2 upregulation. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2256-2273. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tavakkoli
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - S. Hossein Hasheminezhad
- Student Research Committee, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - A. Wallace Hayes
- Institute for Integrative ToxicologyUniversity of South Florida Tampa Florida
- Institute for Integrative ToxicologyMichigan State University East Lansing Michigan
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School PharmacyMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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3
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Ye BH, Kim EJ, Baek SE, Choi YW, Park SY, Kim CD. α-Isocubebene modulates vascular tone by inhibiting myosin light chain phosphorylation in murine thoracic aorta. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 22:437-445. [PMID: 29962858 PMCID: PMC6019879 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.4.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
α-Iso-cubebene (ICB) is a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignin contained in Schisandra chinensis (SC), a well-known medicinal herb that ameliorates cardiovascular symptoms, but the mechanism responsible for this activity has not been determined. To determine the role played by ICB on the regulation of vascular tone, we investigated the inhibitory effects of ICB on vascular contractile responses by adrenergic α-receptor agonists. In addition, we investigated the role on myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation and cytosolic calcium concentration in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). In aortic rings isolated from C57BL/6J mice, ICB significantly attenuated the contraction induced by phenylephrine (PE) and norepinephrine (NE), whereas ICB had no effects on KCl (60 mM)-induced contraction. In vasculatures precontracted with PE, ICB caused marked relaxation of aortic rings with or without endothelium, suggesting a direct effect on VSMC. In cultured rat VSMC, PE or NE increased MLC phosphorylation and increased cytosolic calcium levels. Both of these effects were significantly suppressed by ICB. In conclusion, our results showed that ICB regulated vascular tone by inhibiting MLC phosphorylation and calcium flux into VSMC, and suggest that ICB has anti-hypertensive properties and therapeutic potential for cardiovascular disorders related to vascular hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Hyeok Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Kim
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Seung Eun Baek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.,Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Young Whan Choi
- College of Natural Resources & Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - So Youn Park
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.,Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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Mittal R, Lisi CV, Kumari H, Grati M, Blackwelder P, Yan D, Jain C, Mathee K, Weckwerth PH, Liu XZ. Otopathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enters and Survives Inside Macrophages. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1828. [PMID: 27917157 PMCID: PMC5114284 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) is a broad term describing a group of infectious and inflammatory disorders of the middle ear. Despite antibiotic therapy, acute OM can progress to chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) characterized by ear drum perforation and purulent discharge. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common pathogen associated with CSOM. Although, macrophages play an important role in innate immune responses but their role in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa-induced CSOM is not known. The objective of this study is to examine the interaction of P. aeruginosa with primary macrophages. We observed that P. aeruginosa enters and multiplies inside human and mouse primary macrophages. This bacterial entry in macrophages requires both microtubule and actin dependent processes. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that P. aeruginosa was present in membrane bound vesicles inside macrophages. Interestingly, deletion of oprF expression in P. aeruginosa abrogates its ability to survive inside macrophages. Our results suggest that otopathogenic P. aeruginosa entry and survival inside macrophages is OprF-dependent. The survival of bacteria inside macrophages will lead to evasion of killing and this lack of pathogen clearance by phagocytes contributes to the persistence of infection in CSOM. Understanding host-pathogen interaction will provide novel avenues to design effective treatment modalities against OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami FL, USA
| | - Christopher V Lisi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami FL, USA
| | - Hansi Kumari
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami FL, USA
| | - M'hamed Grati
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami FL, USA
| | - Patricia Blackwelder
- Chemistry Department, Center for Advanced Microscopy, University of Miami, Coral GablesFL, USA; Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Key BiscayneFL, USA
| | - Denise Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami FL, USA
| | - Chaitanya Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami FL, USA
| | - Kalai Mathee
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, MiamiFL, USA; Global Health Consortium and Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, MiamiFL, USA
| | - Paulo H Weckwerth
- Health Sciences Department, University of Sagrado Coração Bauru, Brazil
| | - Xue Z Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami FL, USA
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Sun Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Cheng J, Chen S, Xiao Y, Ao G. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel hydrogen sulfide releasing nicotinic acid derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5368-5373. [PMID: 27618541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Twelve novel hybrids of slowly releasing hydrogen sulfide donor ADT-OH combined with nicotinic acid were synthesized. All of their structures had been confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS spectra. The target compounds were evaluated for their neuroprotective effects on hippocampal neuron HT22 cells against glutamate-induced injury at the concentrations of 1-100μM with MTT assay, and their toxicity on HT22 cells untreated by glutamine at the concentration of 100μM. The active compound was further investigated for its effect on ischemic infarct volume by intraperitoneal injection at 3h after ischemia in mice models of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). The results showed that all the compounds significantly protected HT22 cells from glutamate-induced damage at most of the experimental concentrations, and had no or little neurotoxicity on normal HT22 cells at the high concentration. More importantly, compound A6 significantly reduced infarct volume in the pMCAO model. These results suggested that compound A6 may be promising for further evaluation for the intervention of cerebral ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxing Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China
| | - Yusuo Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuyao Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China
| | - Yunqi Xiao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guizhen Ao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China.
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Seo JY, Ju SH, Oh J, Lee SK, Kim JS. Neuroprotective and Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Compound K Isolated from Red Ginseng. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2855-2864. [PMID: 27012214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at elucidating the effect of compound K derived from red ginseng on memory function in mouse model and glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. Compound K induced antioxidant enzymes in nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-mediated manner, and effectively attenuated cytotoxicity and mitochondrial damage induced by glutamate in HT22 cells. However, the cytoprotective effect by compound K was abolished by heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor, tin protophorphyrin IX, suggesting that neuroprotective effect of compound K was caused by its Nrf2-mediated induction of antioxidant enzymes. Further, memory deficit induced by scopolamine was restored by compound K, which did not inhibit acetylcholine esterase, in C57BL/6 mice but not in Nrf2 knockout mice as assessed by passive avoidance test, Y-maze and water maze tests, suggesting that scopolamine-induced memory impairment was overcome by the induction of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzymes by the compound K. Overall, our data indicate that compound K could be useful in prevention and treatment of reactive oxygen species-induced neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Seo
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 plus), Kyungpook National University , Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hee Ju
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 plus), Kyungpook National University , Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Oh
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 plus), Kyungpook National University , Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kwon Lee
- Ginseng Research Team, Overseas Business Division, Ilhwa Company, Ltd. , Guri, Gyeonggi-do 11933, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sang Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 plus), Kyungpook National University , Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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