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Porras-Rivera G, Górski K, Colin N. Behavioral biomarkers in fishes: A non-lethal approach to assess the effects of chemical pollution on freshwater ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 260:119607. [PMID: 39002628 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The expansion of the human population and the escalating use of chemical products pose a considerable threat to aquatic biodiversity. Consequently, there is an imperative need for the implementation of non-lethal, cost-effective, and easily deployable biomonitoring tools. In this context, fish and their behavior as biomarkers have gained prominence in monitoring of freshwater ecosystems. The aim of this study was to assess the state of art in the use of behavioral biomarkers in ecotoxicology, emphasizing their role as informative tools for global environmental monitoring. Through a systematic literature search, ninety-two articles focusing on the evaluation of behavioral changes in freshwater fish in response to pollution were identified. The most prevalent keywords were "behavior" (7%) and "zebrafish" (6%). Experiments were conducted in countries with expansive territories, such as the United States (18%) and Brazil (17%). Exotic species were primarily employed (58%), with Danio rerio (26%) being the most frequently studied species. Among pollutants, pesticides (32%) and medicines (25%) were the most frequently studied, while locomotion (38%) and social behaviors (18%) were the most frequently evaluated behaviors. Across these studies, authors consistently reported significant changes in the behavior of fish exposed to contaminants, including decreased swimming speed and compromised feeding efficiency. The review findings affirm that evaluating behavioral biomarkers in freshwater fish offers an informative, non-lethal, cost-effective, and easily implementable approach to understanding pollution impacts on freshwater ecosystems. Although few studies on behavioral biomarkers were available to date, the number has rapidly increased in recent years. Furthermore, a variety of novel approaches and study models are being included. Research into behavioral biomarkers is crucial for understanding and managing environmental risks in freshwater ecosystems. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to enhance our understanding of behavioral toxicity indicators, considering factors such as life stage, sex, and breeding season in the tested species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Porras-Rivera
- Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile; Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile
| | - Konrad Górski
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de La Santísima Concepción, Concepción, 4030000, Chile
| | - Nicole Colin
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile; Programa Austral Patagonia, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile.
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Alves RF, Lopes C, Rocha E, Madureira TV. Estrogenic Responsiveness of Brown Trout Primary Hepatocyte Spheroids to Environmental Levels of 17α-Ethinylestradiol. J Xenobiot 2024; 14:1064-1078. [PMID: 39189175 PMCID: PMC11348032 DOI: 10.3390/jox14030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) fish hepatocyte cultures are promising alternative models for replicating in vivo data. Few studies have attempted to characterise the structure and function of fish 3D liver models and illustrate their applicability. This study aimed to further characterise a previously established spheroid model obtained from juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) primary hepatocytes under estrogenic stimulation. The spheroids were exposed for six days to environmentally relevant concentrations of 17α-ethinylestradiol-EE2 (1-100 ng/L). The mRNA levels of peroxisome (catalase-Cat and urate oxidase-Uox), lipid metabolism (acyl-CoA long chain synthetase 1-Acsl1, apolipoprotein AI-ApoAI, and fatty acid binding protein 1-Fabp1), and estrogen-related (estrogen receptor α-ERα, estrogen receptor β-ERβ, vitellogenin A-VtgA, zona pellucida glycoprotein 2.5-ZP2.5, and zona pellucida glycoprotein 3a.2-ZP3a.2) target genes were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess Vtg and ZP protein expressions. At the highest EE2 concentration, VtgA and ZP2.5 genes were significantly upregulated. The remaining target genes were not significantly altered by EE2. Vtg and ZP immunostaining was consistently increased in spheroids exposed to 50 and 100 ng/L of EE2, whereas lower EE2 levels resulted in a weaker signal. EE2 did not induce significant changes in the spheroids' viability and morphological parameters. This study identified EE2 effects at environmentally relevant doses in trout liver spheroids, indicating its usefulness as a proxy for in vivo impacts of xenoestrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo F. Alves
- Team of Animal Morphology and Toxicology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (R.F.A.); (C.L.); (E.R.)
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia Lopes
- Team of Animal Morphology and Toxicology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (R.F.A.); (C.L.); (E.R.)
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Team of Animal Morphology and Toxicology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (R.F.A.); (C.L.); (E.R.)
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Vieira Madureira
- Team of Animal Morphology and Toxicology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (R.F.A.); (C.L.); (E.R.)
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Jia J, Shi S, Liu C, Shu T, Li T, Lou Q, Jin X, He J, Du Z, Zhai G, Yin Z. Use of All-Male cyp17a1-Deficient Zebrafish (Danio rerio) for Evaluation of Environmental Estrogens. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:1062-1074. [PMID: 38477699 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Natural and synthetic environmental estrogens (EEs) are widespread and have received extensive attention. Our previous studies demonstrated that depletion of the cytochrome P450 17a1 gene (cyp17a1) leads to all-testis differentiation phenotype in zebrafish and common carp. In the present study, cyp17a1-deficient zebrafish with defective estrogen biosynthesis were used for the evaluation of EEs, as assessed by monitoring vitellogenin (vtg) expression. A rapid and sensitive assessment procedure was established with the 3-day administration of estradiol (E2), followed by examination of the transcriptional expression of vtgs in our cyp17a1-deficient fish. Compared with the control fish, a higher E2-mediated vtg upregulation observed in cyp17a1-deficient zebrafish exposed to 0.1 μg/L E2 is known to be estrogen receptor-dependent and likely due to impaired in vivo estrogen biosynthesis. The more responsive vtg expression in cyp17a1-deficient zebrafish was observed when exposed to 200 and 2000 μg/L bisphenol A (BPA) and perfluoro-1-octanesulfonate (PFOS). The estrogenic potentials of E2, BPA, and PFOS were compared and assessed by the feminization effect on ovarian differentiation in cyp17a1-deficient zebrafish from 18 to 50 days postfertilization, based on which a higher sensitivity of E2 in ovarian differentiation than BPA and PFOS was concluded. Collectively, through the higher sensitivity to EEs and the capacity to distinguish chemicals with different estrogenic potentials exhibited by the all-male cyp17a1-deficient zebrafish with impaired estrogen biosynthesis, we demonstrated that they can be used as an excellent in vivo model for the evaluation of EEs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1062-1074. © 2024 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Jia
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shengchi Shi
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Congying Liu
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Shu
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhui Li
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyong Lou
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xia Jin
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiangyan He
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenyu Du
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Zhai
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan Yin
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Moreira ALP, Souza JACR, de Souza JF, Mamede JPM, Farias D, Luchiari AC. Long-term effects of embryonic exposure to benzophenone-3 on neurotoxicity and behavior of adult zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168403. [PMID: 37939945 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is the most widely used ultraviolet filter (UV filter) in industries to avoid UV radiation damage. BP-3 is added to most sunscreens to protect the skin, hair, and lips from sun rays. It results in continuous discharge into aquatic environments, leading to aquatic biota and human's continuous exposure. Consequences of BP-3 exposure on the physiology and behavior of aquatic animals, mainly zebrafish, have been investigated, including their neurotoxic effects. However, little is known about its consequences in long-term developmental endpoints. This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of embryonic BP-3 exposure on biomarkers of neurotoxicity in zebrafish. For this, we exposed embryos to 5, 10, and 20 μg∙L-1 BP-3 concentration and let fish grow to adulthood (5mpf). We evaluated anxiety-like behavior, social preference, aggressiveness, and enzymatic activity of the antioxidant defenses system and neurotoxic biomarkers (Glutathione S-transferase -GST, catalase -CAT, and acetylcholinesterase -AChE) in adult zebrafish. Enzymatic activities were also investigated in larvae immediately after BP-3 exposure. Animals early exposed to BP-3 presented anxiety-like behaviors and decreased social preference, but aggressiveness was not altered. In general, exposure to BP-3 leads to altered enzymatic activity, which persists into adulthood. GST activity increased in embryos and adults, while CAT activity decreased in both life stages. AChE activity enhanced only at the larval stage (96 hpf). The long-term behavioral and biochemical effects of BP-3 highlight the need for abolishing or restricting the compound from personal care products, which are continually disposed into the environment and threaten the biota and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Pires Moreira
- FishLab, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Alves Costa Ribeiro Souza
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies - LabRisk, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Ferreira de Souza
- FishLab, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Medeiros Mamede
- FishLab, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Davi Farias
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies - LabRisk, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Luchiari
- FishLab, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Guo X, Zhang R, Li C, Duan M, Cao N, Jin Q, Chen X, Li L, Li X, Pang S. Environmental levels of azoxystrobin disturb male zebrafish behavior: Possible roles of oxidative stress, cholinergic system, and dopaminergic system. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115744. [PMID: 38086263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
A widely applied pesticide of azoxystrobin, is increasingly detected in the water environment. Concern has been raised against its potential detriment to aquatic ecosystems. It has been shown that exposure to azoxystrobin interfere with the locomotor behavior of zebrafish larvae. This study aims to investigate whether exposure to environmental levels of azoxystrobin (2 μg/L, 20 μg/L, and 200 μg/L) changes the behavior of male adult zebrafish. Herein, we evaluated behavioral response (locomotor, anxiety-like, and exploratory behaviors), histopathology, biochemical indicators, and gene expression in male adult zebrafish upon azoxystrobin exposure. The study showed that exposure to azoxystrobin for 42 days remarkably increased the locomotor ability of male zebrafish, resulted in anxiety-like behavior, and inhibited exploratory behavior. After treatment with 200 μg/L azoxystrobin, vasodilatation, and congestion were observed in male zebrafish brains. Exposure to 200 μg/L azoxystrobin notably elevated ROS level, MDA concentration, CAT activity, and AChE activity, while inhibiting SOD activity, GPx activity, ACh concentration, and DA concentration in male zebrafish brains. Moreover, the expression levels of genes related to the antioxidant, cholinergic, and dopaminergic systems were significantly changed. This suggests that azoxystrobin may interfere with the homeostasis of neurotransmitters by causing oxidative stress in male zebrafish brains, thus affecting the behavioral response of male zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanjun Guo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Changsheng Li
- Institute of Cultural Heritage and History of science & Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Manman Duan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Niannian Cao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Qian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Xuejun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Liqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sen Pang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Zhang L, Tong Y, Fang Y, Pei J, Wang Q, Li G. Exploring the hypolipidemic effects of bergenin from Saxifraga melanocentra Franch: mechanistic insights and potential for hyperlipidemia treatment. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:203. [PMID: 38001454 PMCID: PMC10668478 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to explore the hypolipidemic effects of bergenin extracted from Saxifraga melanocentra Franch (S. melanocentra), which is a frequently utilized Tibetan medicinal plant known for its diverse bioactivities. Establishing a quality control system for black stem saxifrage is crucial to ensure the rational utilization of its medicinal resources. METHODS A one-step polyamide medium-pressure liquid chromatography technique was applied to isolate and prepare bergenin from a methanol extract of S. melanocentra. A zebrafish model of hyperlipidemia was used to investigate the potential hypolipidemic effects of bergenin. RESULTS The results revealed that bergenin exhibited substantial hypo efficacy in vivo. Specifically, bergenin significantly reduced the levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) while simultaneously increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels. At the molecular level, bergenin exerted its effects by inhibiting the expression of FASN, SREBF1, HMGCRα, RORα, LDLRα, IL-1β, and TNF while promoting the expression of IL-4 at the transcriptional level. Molecular docking analysis further demonstrated the strong binding affinity of bergenin to proteins such as FASN, SREBF1, HMGCRα, RORα, LDLRα, IL-4, IL-1β, and TNF. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that bergenin modulates lipid metabolism by regulating lipid and cholesterol synthesis as well as inflammatory responses through signaling pathways associated with FASN, SREBF1, and RORα. These results position bergenin as a potential candidate for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Tong
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, P. R. China
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Yan Fang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, P. R. China
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Jinjin Pei
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of biological resources and ecological environment, Province Key Laboratory of Bioresources, College of Bioscience and bioengineering, QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qilan Wang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, P. R. China.
| | - Gang Li
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China.
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Tamagno WA, de Oliveira Sofiatti JR, Alves C, Sutorillo NT, Vanin AP, Bilibio D, Pompermaier A, Barcellos LJG. Synthetic estrogen bioaccumulates and changes the behavior and biochemical biomarkers in adult zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 92:103857. [PMID: 35342012 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen is considered to be an endocrine disrupter and is becoming increasingly more prevalent in the daily life of humans. In some cases, estrogen is not fully metabolized by organisms and may be excreted in either its original form or in organic complex forms, into water residue systems reaching concentrations of 0.05 ng.L-1 to 75 ng.L-1. However, estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), which is used in oral contraceptives, is very difficult to remove from water. Here, we evaluated whether the synthetic hormone, EE2, affects the nervous system and the behavior of adult zebrafish. We established a range of concentrations (0.05, 0.5, 5, 50, and 75 ng.L-1), in addition to the control, to evaluate the effect of this compound and its bioaccumulation in zebrafish tissues. Here we show that EE2 bioaccumulates in fish and can change its behavior with an increased time in the upper zone (novel tank test) and far from the shoal segment (social preference test), demonstrating a clear anxiolytic pattern. The anxiolytic effect of EE2 can be harmful as it can affect the stress response of the species. The results presented herein reinforce the idea that the presence of EE2 in environmental water can be dangerous for non-target animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Antonio Tamagno
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory of the Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul - Sertão Campus, City of Sertão, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Jessica Reis de Oliveira Sofiatti
- Graduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS) - Erechim Campus, City of Erechim, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Carla Alves
- Graduate Program in Bioexperimentation and Graduate Program in Environmental Science, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil.
| | - Nathália Tafarel Sutorillo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory of the Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul - Sertão Campus, City of Sertão, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Vanin
- Graduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS) - Erechim Campus, City of Erechim, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Denise Bilibio
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory of the Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul - Sertão Campus, City of Sertão, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Aline Pompermaier
- Graduate Program in Bioexperimentation and Graduate Program in Environmental Science, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo José Gil Barcellos
- Graduate Program in Bioexperimentation and Graduate Program in Environmental Science, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
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Katti PA, Goundadkar BB. Waves of follicle development, growth and degeneration in adult ovary of zebrafish (Danio rerio) on chronic exposure to environmental estrogens in laboratory. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 110:31-38. [PMID: 35331892 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Patterns of quantitative production of follicles, their growth, and degeneration in the adult ovary of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in response to long-term (80 days) exposure to environmental estrogens (EE) in the laboratory, were studied. Experimentally naive female D. rerio procured from fish farm were acclimated to the laboratory (natural temperature, 26 ± 1° C, photoperiod, 11.30 L:12.30 D) for two weeks and divided into 10 groups. Each group (n = 20) was housed in a separate glass aquarium containing 10 L of conditioned water (physico-chemical parameters maintained within the permissible range prescribed for zebrafish) along with either 5 ng or 10 ng/L of 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) or diethylstilbestrol (DES) or bisphenol A (BPA) or estradiol 17-β (positive control) or water with no chemical (negative control). All experimental fish were fed twice daily on commercial pellets (ad libitum) supplemented with Artemia nauplius, the exposure was semi-static and chemical residues in media samples were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Exposure of fish to estrogens increased (p < 0.05) (i) body mass and gonadosomatic indices (GSI) in E2, EE2 and DES groups (ii) previtellogenic and vitellogenic follicles in E2 and EE2 groups (iii) atretic follicles (AF) in DES and BPA groups compared to controls and (iv) decrease in total oocyte volumes (V = 4/3. π. r3) compared to those of E2 group. These results suggest that the chronic exposure of fish to EE (at environmentally relevant concentrations) has a profound influence on ovarian follicular dynamics and the effects of individual EE are discrete on the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pancharatna A Katti
- Department of Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India.
| | - Basavaraj B Goundadkar
- Department of Zoology, Govindram Seksaria Science College, Belagavi 590006, Karnataka, India.
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Afzal G, Ahmad HI, Hussain R, Jamal A, Kiran S, Hussain T, Saeed S, Nisa MU. Bisphenol A Induces Histopathological, Hematobiochemical Alterations, Oxidative Stress, and Genotoxicity in Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.). OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5450421. [PMID: 35126815 PMCID: PMC8816551 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5450421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the environmental endocrine disrupting toxicants and is widely used in the industry involving plastics, polycarbonate, and epoxy resins. This study was designed to investigate the toxicological effects of BPA on hematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathology of different organs of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A total of 60 fish were procured and haphazardly divided into four groups. Each experimental group contained 15 fish. The fish retained in group A was kept as the untreated control group. Three levels of BPA 3.0, 4.5, and 6 mg/L were given to groups B, C, and D for 30 days. Result indicated significant reduction in hemoglobin (Hb), lymphocytes, packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC), and monocytes in a dose-dependent manner as compared to the control group. However, significantly higher values of leucocytes and neutrophils were observed in the treated groups (P < 0.05). Results on serum biochemistry revealed that the quantity of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and creatinine levels was significantly high (P < 0.05). Our study results showed significantly (P < 0.05) increase level of oxidative stress parameters like reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and lower values of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) in treated groups (4.5 mg/L and 6 mg/L)) in the brain, liver, gills, and kidneys. Our study depicted significant changes in erythrocytes (pear shaped erythrocytes, leptocytes, microcytes, spherocytes, erythrocytes with broken, lobed, micronucleus, blabbed, vacuolated nucleus, and nuclear remnants) among treated groups (4.5 mg/L and 6 mg/L). Comet assay showed increased genotoxicity in different tissues including the brain, liver, gills, and kidneys in the treated fish group. Based on the results of our experiment, it can be concluded that the BPA exposure to aquatic environment is responsible for deterioration of fish health, performance leading to dysfunction of multiple vital organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnaz Afzal
- Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Adil Jamal
- Sciences and Research, College of Nursing, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 715, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shumaila Kiran
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tarique Hussain
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saba Saeed
- Institute of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mehr un Nisa
- Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Wu NC, Seebacher F. Bisphenols alter thermal responses and performance in zebrafish ( Danio rerio). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coaa138. [PMID: 33505703 PMCID: PMC7816798 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollutants are novel environmental stressors that are now persistent components of natural ecosystems. Endocrine disrupting chemicals such as bisphenols that leach out of plastics can modify physiological responses of animals by interfering with hormone signalling. Here, we tested whether three commonly produced bisphenols, bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS), impair thermal acclimation of swimming performance and metabolic enzyme [citrate synthase (CS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] activities in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). We found that exposure to 30-μg l-1 BPF and BPS, but not BPA, reduced swimming performance, and no interactions between bisphenol exposure and acclimation (3 weeks to 18°C and 28°C) or acute test (18°C and 28°C) temperatures were found. BPA interacted with acclimation and acute test temperatures to determine CS activity, an indicator of mitochondrial density and aerobic metabolic capacity. BPS reduced CS activity and an interaction (at a one-tailed significance) between acclimation temperature and BPF exposure determined CS activity. LDH activity reflects anaerobic ATP production capacity, and BPA and BPF altered the effects of thermal acclimation and acute test temperatures on LDH activity. Our data show that all bisphenols we tested at ecologically relevant concentrations can disrupt the thermal responses of fish. BPS and BPF are used as environmentally safer alternatives to BPA, but our data show that these bisphenols are also of concern, particularly in thermally variable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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11
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Katti PA, Goundadkar BB. Azole pharmaceuticals induce germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in preovulatory oocytes of zebrafish (Danio rerio): an in vitro study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:3694-3702. [PMID: 32929672 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Azoles, the antifungal pharmaceuticals are emerging as a new class of water contaminants with a potential to influence the endocrine physiology of surrounding aquatic fauna. In this study, we made an attempt to assess the relative efficacy of widely used azoles belonging to two subclasses, i.e., (i) triazoles (letrozole, fluconazole, itraconazole) and (ii) imidazoles (ketaconazole, ornidazole, clotrimazole), on the onset of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) (an initial step in the final maturation of oocytes) in fully grown preovulatory oocytes of zebrafish (Danio rerio) using an in vitro model. Oocytes (> 650 μm) isolated manually from gravid ovaries were exposed to (i) 0.01 and/or 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, 10, 15, and 20 ng/ml and (ii) 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 μg/ml of drugs. Zebrafish Ringer's solution (vehicle) and 0.01% ethyl alcohol (solvent) were used as negative controls. 17α, 20 β-Dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17α-DHP) and diethylstibestrol (DES), potent inducers of GVBD in fish, were used as positive controls. GVBD was scored hourly from 0-6 h. In negative controls, there were no indications of GVBD even at the 6th hour, while in 17α-DHP- and DES-exposed oocytes, GVBD was initiated from the 1st hour, reaching 80% and 76% respectively at the 6th hour. Among azoles, letrozole induced GVBD in 73-85%, fluconazole (30-33%), itraconazole (23-33%), ketaconazole (46-53%), ornidazole (36-40%), and clotrimazole (30-33%) of oocytes. These results suggest that azole pharmaceuticals induce GVBD in fish oocytes that may be attributed to their variable degree of cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibitor activity.
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Martínez R, Tu W, Eng T, Allaire-Leung M, Piña B, Navarro-Martín L, Mennigen JA. Acute and long-term metabolic consequences of early developmental Bisphenol A exposure in zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 256:127080. [PMID: 32450349 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogenic contaminant linked to metabolic disruption. Developmental BPA exposure is of particular concern, as organizational effects may irreversibly disrupt metabolism at later life-stages. While BPA exposures in adult fish elicit metabolic perturbations similar to effects described in rodents, the metabolic effects of developmental BPA exposure in juvenile fish remain largely unknown. Following embryonic zebrafish exposure to BPA (0.1, 1 and 4 mg/L) and EE2 (10 ng/L) from 2 to 5 dpf, we assessed the metabolic phenotype in larvae (4-6 dpf) and juveniles (43-49 dpf) which had been divided into regular-fed and overfed groups at 29 dpf. Developmental BPA exposure in larvae dose-dependently reduced food-intake and locomotion and increased energy expenditure. Juveniles (29 dpf) exhibited a transient increase in body weight after developmental BPA exposure and persistent diet-dependent locomotion changes (43-49 dpf). At the molecular level, glucose and lipid metabolism-related transcript abundance clearly separated BPA exposed fish from controls and EE2 exposed fish at the larval stage, in juveniles on a regular diet and, to a lesser extent, in overfed juveniles. In general, the metabolic endpoints affected by BPA exposure were not mimicked by EE2 treatment. We conclude that developmental BPA exposure elicits acute metabolic effects in zebrafish larvae and fewer transient and persistent effects in juveniles and that these metabolic effects are largely independent of BPA's estrogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Martínez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wenqing Tu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Tyler Eng
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 20 Marie-Curie K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Allaire-Leung
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 20 Marie-Curie K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Navarro-Martín
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan A Mennigen
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 20 Marie-Curie K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Coumailleau P, Trempont S, Pellegrini E, Charlier TD. Impacts of bisphenol A analogues on zebrafish post-embryonic brain. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12879. [PMID: 32749037 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely studied and well-recognised endocrine-disrupting chemical, and one of the current issues is its safe replacement by various analogues. Using larva zebrafish as a model, the present study reveals that moderate and chronic exposure to BPA analogues such as bisphenol S, bisphenol F and bisphenol AF may also affect vertebrate neurodevelopment and locomotor activity. Several parameters of embryo-larval development were investigated, such as mortality, hatching, number of mitotically active cell, as defined by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation and proliferative cell nuclear antigen labelling, aromatase B protein expression in radial glial cell and locomotor activity. Our results show that exposure to several bisphenol analogues induced an acceleration of embryo hatching rate. At the level of the developing brain, a strong up-regulation of the oestrogen-sensitive Aromatase B was also detected in the hypothalamic region. This up-regulation was not associated with effects on the numbers of mitotically active progenitors nor differentiated neurones in the preoptic area and in the nuclear recessus posterior of the hypothalamus zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, using a high-throughput video tracking system to monitor locomotor activity in zebrafish larvae, we show that some bisphenol analogues, such as bisphenol AF, significantly reduced locomotor activity following 6 days of exposure. Taken together, our study provides evidence that BPA analogues can also affect the neurobehavioural development of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Coumailleau
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Sarah Trempont
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Elisabeth Pellegrini
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Thierry D Charlier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, F-35000, France
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14
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Joshi V, Pancharatna K. Food colorant Sunset Yellow (E110) intervenes developmental profile of zebrafish (Danio rerio). J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:571-581. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vani Joshi
- Department of ZoologyKarnatak University Dharwad 580 003 India
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15
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Joshi V, Katti P. Developmental Toxicity Assay for Food Additive Tartrazine Using Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Embryo Cultures. Int J Toxicol 2017; 37:38-44. [PMID: 29130832 DOI: 10.1177/1091581817735227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tartrazine (TTZ) is an azo dye used as a colorant in food products, drugs, and cosmetics. The present study evaluates the impacts of TTZ on embryonic development of zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Laboratory-raised D. rerio embryos (n = 20/concentration) were exposed to graded dilutions of TTZ (0, 0.1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75, and 100 mM) from gastrulation stage (5.25 hours postfertilization [hpf]) until hatching and developmental trajectory was traced up to day 7. The no observed effect concentration (NOEC), median lethal concentration (LC50), median effective concentration (EC50), and teratogenic index (TI) were calculated. Exposure of embryos to < 10 mM TTZ had no effects; 20 to 30 mM TTZ caused tail bending, cardiac and yolk sac edema in 50% of larvae; in 30 to 50 mM TTZ-exposed embryos the heart rates declined along with the above mentioned deformities, causing mortality within 96 to 144 hpf; development ceased completely at 75 to 100 mM concentration. The NOEC and LC50 were recorded at 5 and 29.4 mM dose, respectively. The EC50 values for heart rate, cardiac edema, tail bending, and hatching success were at 59.60, 53.81, 98.28, and 58.97 mM with TI quotient 0.49, 0.54, 0.29, and 0.49, respectively. We conclude that TTZ is not embryo toxic/teratogenic for zebrafish embryos up to a dose level of 10 mM concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vani Joshi
- 1 Department of Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Pancharatna Katti
- 1 Department of Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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