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Aktar A, Cakmak S, Toker MB, Cakmak İ, Bağci K, Uzun ÜC, Alcay S. Effects of alpha lipoic acid supplementation on post-thaw quality of drone semen. Cryobiology 2024; 114:104849. [PMID: 38242276 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on post-thaw quality of bee semen. In the study, semen from sexually mature drone were collected. A series of experiments were carried out in which the retrieved semen was diluted with diluents containing different ALA concentrations or without ALA supplement (control). Cryopreserved sperm were thawed, and evaluated for motility (phase-contrast microscope), plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and DNA fregmantation. The results obtained showed that the highest motility after thawing was observed in the groups containing ALA 0.25 mmol (P < 0.05). Likewise, plasma membrane integrity was found to be better preserved in the ALA 0.25 mmol-added group than in other groups. Acrosomal integrity were also higher in the ALA-containing groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). The results of this study show that ALA supplementation especially at 0.25 mmol improved post-thawed sperm motility, plasma membrane functionality, and mitochondrial membrane potantial quality of honeybee semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Aktar
- Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, Dölerme ve Suni Tohumlama A.D., Görükle Kampüsü, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Selvinar Cakmak
- Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, Arıcılık Geliştirme-Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi-AGAM, Görükle Kampüsü, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Mehmed Berk Toker
- Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, Dölerme ve Suni Tohumlama A.D., Görükle Kampüsü, Bursa, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Cakmak
- Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, Arıcılık Geliştirme-Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi-AGAM, Görükle Kampüsü, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Kemal Bağci
- Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, Dölerme ve Suni Tohumlama A.D., Görükle Kampüsü, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ümit Can Uzun
- Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, Dölerme ve Suni Tohumlama A.D., Görükle Kampüsü, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Selim Alcay
- Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, Dölerme ve Suni Tohumlama A.D., Görükle Kampüsü, Bursa, Turkey
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Binmahfouz LS, Hassanein EH, Bagher AM, Hareeri RH, Alamri ZZ, Algandaby MM, Abdel-Daim MM, Abdel-Naim AB. Berberine alleviates chlorpyrifos-induced nephrotoxicity in rats via modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 axis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25233. [PMID: 38327393 PMCID: PMC10847644 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPS), an organophosphorus insecticide, is widely used for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes with hazardous health effects. Berberine (BBR) is a traditional Chinese medicine and a phytochemical with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. The present study evaluated the effects of BBR against kidney damage induced by CPS and the underlying mechanisms. An initial study indicated that BBR 50 mg/kg was optimal under our experimental conditions. Then, 24 rats (6/group) were randomized into: control, BBR (50 mg/kg/day), CPS (10 mg/kg/day), and CPS + BBR. BBR was administration 1 h prior to CPS. Each treatment was delivered daily for a period of 28 consecutive days using a gastric gavage tube. Compared to CPS-alone treated rats, BBR effectively improved renal function by preventing the rise in serum urea, creatinine, and uric levels. The reno-protective effects of BBR were confirmed through a histological examination of kidney tissues. BBR restored oxidant-antioxidant balance in renal tissues mediated by Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 axis modulation. In addition, BBR decreased nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. This was paralleled with the potent down-regulation of NF-κB. Furthermore, BBR exhibited anti-apoptotic activities supported by the upregulation of Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax and caspase-3 expression. In conclusion, our data suggest that BBR attenuates CPS-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by restoring oxidant-antioxidant balance and inhibiting inflammatory response and apoptosis in renal tissue. This is mediated, at least partly, by modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenah S. Binmahfouz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H.M. Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amina M. Bagher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan H. Hareeri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaenah Z. Alamri
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mardi M. Algandaby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal Plants Research Group, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal Plants Research Group, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Abdel-Karim RI, Hashish RK, Badran DI, Mohammed SS, Salem NA. The ameliorative effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles on chlorpyrifos induced hepatotoxicity in a rat model: Biochemical, molecular and immunohistochemical study. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 81:127346. [PMID: 38000167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used insecticide that causes toxicity to living organisms through the production of free radicals. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) are a new antioxidant agent that has proved therapeutic effects. We evaluated the effect of CeO2NPs on CPF hepatotoxicity. METHODS Forty rats were randomized into four groups. Group I: rats received 1 ml corn oil by gastric tube once daily and 0.5 ml PBS by intra-peritoneal injection twice a week for 4 weeks. Group II: received CeO2NPs 0.5 mg/kg in PBS by i.p. injection, twice weekly for four weeks. Group III: were treated with oral administration of CPF 13.5 mg/kg in corn oil daily for 4 weeks. Group IV: received CPF as in group III, then each animal received CeO2NPs twice weekly for four weeks as in group II. Twenty-four hours after the last dose, rats were anesthetized and sera were collected for liver enzymes assessment. Afterwards, rats were sacrificed, livers were excised, the right lobe of each liver was fixed for immunohistochemical studies, and the left lobe was homogenized for oxidative profile assessment and molecular analysis. RESULTS CPF group showed significant increase in liver transaminases, disturbance of the oxidative profile with up-regulation of BAX expression and down-regulation in the Bcl-2, Gadd45 and NFE2L2. CPF caused severe histopathological liver damage as well as significant increase in anti-Caspase 3 and TNF immunostaining. The CeO2NPs treated group revealed significant improvement of all previous parameters. CONCLUSION CeO2NPs could alleviate CPF hepatoxicity through decreasing expression of the inflammatory and apoptotic proteins and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab I Abdel-Karim
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Rania K Hashish
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Dahlia I Badran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sally S Mohammed
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Noha A Salem
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
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Aboulthana WM, Ibrahim NES, Hassan AK, Bassaly WK, Abdel-Gawad H, Taha HA, Ahmed KA. The hepato- and neuroprotective effect of gold Casuarina equisetifolia bark nano-extract against Chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity in rats. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:158. [PMID: 38040926 PMCID: PMC10692062 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00595-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bark of Casuarina equisetifolia contains several active phytoconstituents that are suitable for the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs). These nanoparticles were subsequently evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing the toxicity induced by Chlorpyrifos (CPF) in rats. RESULTS Various hematological and biochemical measurements were conducted in this study. In addition, markers of oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions quantified in liver and brain tissues were evaluated. Histopathological examinations were performed on both liver and brain tissues. Furthermore, the native electrophoretic protein and isoenzyme patterns were analyzed, and the relative expression levels of apoptotic genes in these tissues were determined. The hematological and biochemical parameters were found to be severely altered in the group injected with CPF. However, the administration of Au-C. equisetifolia nano-extract normalized these levels in all treated groups. The antioxidant system markers showed a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in conjunction with elevated levels of inflammatory and fibrotic markers in both liver and brain tissues of the CPF-injected group. In comparison, the pre-treated group exhibited a reduction in these markers when treated with the nano-extract, as opposed to the CPF-injected group. Additionally, the nano-extract mitigated the severity of histopathological lesions induced by CPF in both liver and brain tissues, with a higher ameliorative effect observed in the pre-treated group. Electrophoretic assays conducted on liver and brain tissues revealed that the nano-extract prevented the qualitative changes induced by CPF in the pre-treated group. Furthermore, the molecular assay demonstrated a significant increase in the relative expression of apoptotic genes in the CPF-injected rats. Although the nano-extract ameliorated the relative expression of these genes compared to the CPF-injected group, it was unable to restore their values to normal levels. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that the nano-extract effectively reduced the toxicity induced by CPF in rats at hematological, biochemical, histopathological, physiological, and molecular levels, in the group pre-treated with the nano-extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Mahmoud Aboulthana
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Noha El-Sayed Ibrahim
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amgad Kamal Hassan
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wagdy Khalil Bassaly
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hassan Abdel-Gawad
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Researches Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hamdy Ahmed Taha
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Researches Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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Hsu SS, Lin YS, Chen HC, Liang WZ. Involvement of oxidative stress-related apoptosis in chlorpyrifos-induced cytotoxicity and the ameliorating potential of the antioxidant vitamin E in human glioblastoma cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2143-2154. [PMID: 37283489 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides (OPs), which are among the most widely used synthetic chemicals for the control of a wide variety of pests, are however associated with various adverse reactions in animals and humans. Chlorpyrifos, an OP, has been shown to cause various health complications due to ingestion, inhalation, or skin absorption. The mechanisms underlying the adverse effect of chlorpyrifos on neurotoxicity have not been elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to determine the mechanism of chlorpyrifos-induced cytotoxicity and to examine whether the antioxidant vitamin E (VE) ameliorated these cytotoxic effects using DBTRG-05MG, a human glioblastoma cell line. The DBTRG-05MG cells were treated with chlorpyrifos, VE, or chlorpyrifos plus VE and compared with the untreated control cells. Chlorpyrifos induced a significant decrease in cell viability and caused morphological changes in treated cultures. Furthermore, chlorpyrifos led to the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accompanied by a decrease in the level of reduced glutathione. Additionally, chlorpyrifos induced apoptosis by upregulating the protein levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-9/caspase-3 and by downregulating the protein levels of Bcl-2. Moreover, chlorpyrifos modulated the antioxidant response by increasing the protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1. However, VE reversed the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by chlorpyrifos treatment in DBTRG-05MG cells. Overall, these findings suggest that chlorpyrifos causes cytotoxicity through oxidative stress, a process that may play an important role in the development of chlorpyrifos-associated glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Health and Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shang Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pingtung Veterans General Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Onder NT, Alcay S, Nur Z. Effects of alpha-lipoic acid on ram semen cryopreservation and post-thaw life span. Andrologia 2021; 54:e14249. [PMID: 34553400 DOI: 10.1111/and.14249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an alpha-lipoic acid-supplemented extender on ram semen at a post-thaw stage and after incubation (6 hr). Semen samples were collected from five Kivircik Rams. Pooled semen was diluted with an egg yolk-based extender with different concentrations of alpha-lipoic acid (0.25 mmol L-1 , 0.5 mmol L-1 and 1 mmol L-1 ) and without alpha-lipoic acid. Motility, plasma membrane functional integrity (HOST), acrosome integrity (FITC-Pisum sativum agglutinin) and DNA integrity (TUNEL) were assessed at post-thaw and 6 hr after incubation of the frozen-thawed semen. At the post-thaw stage, 0.25 mmol L-1 alpha-lipoic acid had a positive effect on sperm motility and plasma membrane functional integrity compared to the control group (p < .05). At the post-incubation stage (6 hr), it was determined that the motility and plasma membrane functional integrity of the antioxidant groups were adversely affected compared to the control group (p < .05) and 1 mmol L-1 dose of alpha-lipoic acid had a harmful effect on DNA integrity compared to the control group (p < .05). The results of the study demonstrated that alpha-lipoic acid has positive effects at post-thaw but have harmful effects on long term to ram semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nail Tekin Onder
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.,Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Selim Alcay
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Zekariya Nur
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
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Ibrahim Fouad G, R Mousa M. The protective potential of alpha lipoic acid on amiodarone-induced pulmonary fibrosis and hepatic injury in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3433-3448. [PMID: 33973131 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amiodarone (AMD) is a widely used antiarrhythmic drug prescribed to treat cardiac tachyarrhythmias; however, AMD has been reported to provoke pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and hepatotoxicity. This study aimed to investigate the influence of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on AMD-induced PF and hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats. AMD administration resulted in elevated lung contents of hydroxyproline (Hyp), malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased serum levels of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), alanine amino transaminase (ALT), aspartate amino transaminase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), and glucose. On the other side, lung content of glutathione reduced (GSH) and serum levels of total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC) were significantly decreased. Histopathologically, AMD caused PF, produced a mild hepatic injury, and increased expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Treatment with ALA produced a significant reversal of the oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammation parameters with reductions in α-SMA expressions, leading to amelioration of histopathological lesions. ALA might provide supportive therapy in AMD-receiving cardiovascular patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadha Ibrahim Fouad
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed R Mousa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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Red Beetroot Extract Abrogates Chlorpyrifos-Induced Cortical Damage in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2963020. [PMID: 32215171 PMCID: PMC7085382 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2963020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus insecticides including chlorpyrifos (CPF) are mainly used for agriculture, household, and military purposes; their application is associated with various adverse reactions in animals and humans. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effect of red beetroot methanolic extract (RBR) against CPF-induced cortical damage. Twenty-eight adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 7 in each group): the control group was administered physiological saline (0.9% NaCl), the CPF group was administered CPF (10 mg/kg), the RBR group was administered RBR (300 mg/kg), and the RBR+CPF group was treated with RBR (300 mg/kg) 1 hr before CPF (10 mg/kg) supplementation. All groups were treated for 28 days. Rats exposed to CPF exhibited a significant decrease in cortical acetylcholinesterase activity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and a decrease in glial fibrillary acidic protein. CPF intoxication increased lipid peroxidation, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and nitric oxide production. This was accompanied by a decrease in glutathione content and in the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the cortical tissue. Additionally, CPF enhanced inflammatory response, indicated by increased levels and expression of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. CPF triggered neuronal apoptosis by upregulating Bax and caspase-3 and downregulating Bcl-2. However, RBR reversed the induced neuronal alterations following CPF intoxication. Our findings suggest that RBR can minimize and prevent CPF neurotoxicity through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities.
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Xiang W, Wang L, Cheng S, Zhou Y, Ma L. Protective Effects of α-Lipoic Acid on Vascular Oxidative Stress in Rats with Hyperuricemia. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:920-928. [PMID: 31845223 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to observe the protective effects of α-lipoic acid (ALA) on vascular injury in rats with hyperuricemia (HUA). The ALA treatment groups (10, 30 and 90 mg/kg, respectively) were administered with ALA via gavage for 2 weeks. Subsequently, the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREA), uric acid (UA), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-C (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-C (LDL-C) were measured; the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) were also determined. The thoracic aorta of rats in each experimental group was observed under a light microscope; ultrastructural analysis was performed. SOD and CAT protein contents were investigated by Western blotting. The results revealed that: i) Compared with the model group, the levels of UA were decreased in the ALA groups and the levels of BUN, CREA, TC, and LDL-C decreased in the 30 and 90 mg/kg ALA groups (P<0.05); ii) compared with the model group, the activities of GSH-Px, SOD and XOD were increased and the levels of MDA were reduced in the 90 mg/kg ALA group (P<0.05); and iii) in the model and 10 mg/kg ALA groups, edema and shedding were observed in endothelial cells. Compared with the model and 10 mg/kg ALA groups, the 30 and 90 mg/kg ALA groups exhibited fewer swollen endothelial cells. In summary, the results of the present study indicated that HUA resulted in vascular oxidative stress injury and decreased the activity of antioxidative enzymes, which leads to endothelial cell damage and vascular lesions. ALA may serve as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of HUA-induced endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Li Wang
- Community Health Service Management Center, Dong cheng District, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Shi Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Alpha-Lipoic Acid: Beneficial or Harmful in Alzheimer's Disease? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8409329. [PMID: 31885820 PMCID: PMC6914903 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8409329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by impairments in the cognitive domains associated with orientation, recording, and memory. This pathology results from an abnormal deposition of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide and the intracellular accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles. Mitochondrial dysfunctions play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD, due to disturbances in the bioenergetic properties of cells. To date, the usual therapeutic drugs are limited because of the diversity of cellular routes in AD and the toxic potential of these agents. In this context, alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) is a well-known fatty acid used as a supplement in several health conditions and diseases, such as periphery neuropathies and neurodegenerative disorders. It is produced in several cell types, eukaryotes, and prokaryotes, showing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. α-LA acts as an enzymatic cofactor able to regulate metabolism, energy production, and mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of α-LA is associated with two thiol groups that can be oxidised or reduced, prevent excess free radical formation, and act on improvement of mitochondrial performance. Moreover, α-LA has mechanisms of epigenetic regulation in genes related to the expression of various inflammatory mediators, such PGE2, COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Regarding the pharmacokinetic profile, α-LA has rapid uptake and low bioavailability and the metabolism is primarily hepatic. However, α-LA has low risk in prolonged use, although its therapeutic potential, interactions with other substances, and adverse reactions have not been well established in clinical trials with populations at higher risk for diseases of aging. Thus, this review aimed to describe the pharmacokinetic profile, bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy, safety, and effects of combined use with centrally acting drugs, as well as report in vitro and in vivo studies that demonstrate the mitochondrial mechanisms of α-LA involved in AD protection.
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Nephroprotective Role of Beta vulgaris L. Root Extract against Chlorpyrifos-Induced Renal Injury in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3595761. [PMID: 31885644 PMCID: PMC6893258 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3595761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are widely used for agricultural and housekeeping purposes. Exposure to OPs is associated with the progression of several health issues. Antioxidant agents may be powerful candidates to minimise adverse reactions caused by OPs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nephroprotective effects of red beetroot extract (RBR) against chlorpyrifos- (CPF-) induced renal impairments. CPF induced kidney dysfunction, as demonstrated by changes in serum creatinine and urea levels. Moreover, CPF exposure induced oxidative stress in the kidneys as determined by increased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels, decreased glutathione content, decreased catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities, and decreased nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like-2 factor expression. In addition, CPF induced inflammation in renal tissue as evidenced by increased release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1β and upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Furthermore, CPF promoted cell death as demonstrated by decreased Bcl-2 and increased Bax and caspase-3 levels. Treatment with RBR one hour prior to CPF treatment blocked the effects observed in response to CPF alone. Our results suggest that RBR could be used to alleviate CPF-induced nephrotoxicity through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities.
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Ameliorative Effect of Beta vulgaris Root Extract on Chlorpyrifos-Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Liver Injury in Rats. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9070261. [PMID: 31284640 PMCID: PMC6681196 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to organophosphorus insecticides causes several health problems to animals and humans. Red beetroot (RBR) is rich in antioxidant ingredients and possesses a promising hepatoprotective activity. This study evaluated the potential of RBR extract to prevent chlorpyrifos (CPF)-induced liver injury, with an emphasis on oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Rats received 10 mg/kg CPF and were treated with 300 mg/kg RBR extract for 28 days. CPF caused liver injury evidenced by elevated serum levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin, along with several histological alterations. Hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines were increased in CPF-intoxicated rats. RBR prevented CPF-induced histological alterations, and ameliorated liver function, LPO, NO, iNOS and pro-inflammatory cytokines. RBR boosted glutathione and antioxidant enzymes, and increased Nrf2 expression. In addition, RBR diminished Bax and caspase-3, and increased Bcl-2 expression. In conclusion, RBR prevented CPF-induced liver injury via attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. RBR enhanced antioxidant defenses, suggesting that it could be used as a potential therapeutic intervention to minimize CPF hepatotoxicity.
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Shrestha S, Singh VK, Sarkar SK, Shanmugasundaram B, Jeevaratnam K, Koner BC. Effect of sub-toxic chlorpyrifos on redox sensitive kinases and insulin signaling in rat L6 myotubes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2019; 17:325-332. [PMID: 30918868 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-018-0379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Sub-chronic exposures to chlorpyrifos, an organophosphorus pesticide is associated with incidence of diabetes mellitus. Biochemical basis of chlorpyrifos-induced diabetes mellitus is not known. Hence, effect of its sub-toxic exposure on redox sensitive kinases, insulin signaling and insulin-induced glucose uptake were assessed in rat muscle cell line. Methods In an in vitro study, rat myoblasts (L6) cell line were differentiated to myotubes and then were exposed to sub-toxic concentrations (6 mg/L and 12 mg/L) of chlorpyrifos for 18 h. Then total anti-oxidant level in myotubes was measured and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was assayed. Assessment of activation of NFκB & p38MAPK and insulin signaling following insulin stimulation from tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and serine phosphorylation of Akt were done in myotubes after chlorpyrifos exposure by western blot (WB) and compared with those in vehicle-treated controls. Results The glucose uptake and total antioxidant level in L6-derived myotubes after sub-toxic exposure to chlorpyrifos were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. As measured from band density of WB, phosphorylation levels increased for redo-sensitive kinases (p38MAPK and IκBα component of NFκB) and decreased for IRS-1 (at tyrosine 1222) and Akt (at serine 473) on insulin stimulation following chlorpyrifos exposure as compared to those in controls. Conclusion We conclude that sub-toxic chlorpyrifos exposure induces oxidative stress in muscle cells activating redox sensitive kinases that impairs insulin signaling and thereby insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle cells. This probably explains the biochemical basis of chlorpyrifos-induced insulin resistance state and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrijana Shrestha
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, 2 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, PIN 110002 India
| | - Vijay Kumar Singh
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, 2 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, PIN 110002 India
| | - Sajib Kumar Sarkar
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, 2 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, PIN 110002 India
| | | | - Kadirvelu Jeevaratnam
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014 India
| | - Bidhan Chandra Koner
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, 2 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, PIN 110002 India
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Ren F, Feng T, Dai G, Wang Y, Zhu H, Hu J. Lycopene and alpha-lipoic acid improve semen antioxidant enzymes activity and cashmere goat sperm function after cryopreservation. Cryobiology 2018; 84:27-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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