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Lopes-Fatturi A, Fonseca-Souza G, Wambier LM, Brancher JA, Küchler EC, Feltrin-Souza J. Genetic polymorphisms associated with developmental defects of enamel: A systematic review. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024. [PMID: 38949474 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms in genes related to enamel formation and mineralization may increase the risk of developmental defects of enamel (DDE). AIM To evaluate the existing literature on genetic polymorphisms associated with DDE. DESIGN This systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO (CRD42018115270). The literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, BBO, Cochrane Library, and in the gray literature. Observational studies assessing the association between DDE and genetic polymorphism were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias. RESULTS One thousand one hundred and forty-six articles were identified, and 28 met the inclusion criteria. Five studies presented a low risk of bias. Ninety-two genes related to enamel development, craniofacial patterning morphogenesis, immune response, and hormone transcription/reception were included. Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and/or hypomineralization of primary second molars (HPSM) were associated with 80 polymorphisms of genes responsible for enamel development, immune response, morphogenesis, and xenobiotic detoxication. A significant association was found between the different clinical manifestations of dental fluorosis (DF) with nine polymorphisms of genes responsible for enamel development, craniofacial development, hormonal transcription/reception, and oxidative stress. Hypoplasia was associated with polymorphisms located in intronic regions. CONCLUSION MIH, HPSM, DF, and hypoplasia reported as having a complex etiology are significantly associated with genetic polymorphisms of several genes.
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Kallala R, Slimani A, Gassara Y, Garrach B, Chouchen S, Foddha H, Rouis A, Kenani A. The association between Dental Fluorosis and COL1A2 gene polymorphism among a Tunisian Population. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:376. [PMID: 38519884 PMCID: PMC10958825 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental fluorosis (DF) is a prevalent developmental defect of tooth enamel caused by exposure to excessive fluoride, with the severity dependent on various factors. This study aimed to investigate the association between DF and a specific genetic polymorphism (rs412777) in the COL1A2 gene among a Tunisian population. A case-control study was conducted from July to November 2022, involving a total of 95 participants including 51 cases and 44 controls. Dental examinations and genetic analysis were performed to assess the relationship between the COL1A2 gene polymorphism and DF.The results of allelic distribution revealed that A allele carriers were significantly protected against (DF) when compared to those with the C allele (C vs. A, p = 0.001; OR = 0.375 (0.207-0.672)). This suggests a strong correlation between the presence of the C allele and the risk of developing DF. Additionally, significant association between the CC genotype of rs412777 and an increased risk of DF was found under both codominant and dominant genetic models (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001 respectively).The findings suggest that genetic predisposition plays a relevant role in the development of DF. Further research is needed to explore the potential use of genetic markers for DF and their implications for public health. This study provides the first insights into the genetic factors associated with DF in the Tunisian population, contributing to our understanding of this prevalent dental condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Kallala
- Faculty of dental Medicine Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia.
- Laboratory of Occlusodontics and Ceramic Prostheses, Monastir, LR16ES15, 5000, Tunisia.
| | - Afef Slimani
- Faculty of Medicine Monastir Tunisia, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
- laboratory of Environment, Inflammation, Signaling and Pathologies, Monastir, LR 18ES40, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Gassara
- Faculty of dental Medicine Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Occlusodontics and Ceramic Prostheses, Monastir, LR16ES15, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Behaeddin Garrach
- Faculty of Medicine Monastir Tunisia, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Sawssen Chouchen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
- Hematology department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
- Laboratory of human genome and multifactorial diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Foddha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
- Laboratory of human genome and multifactorial diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Asma Rouis
- Stomatology department, Hospital of Jammel, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Aberraouf Kenani
- Faculty of Medicine Monastir Tunisia, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
- laboratory of Environment, Inflammation, Signaling and Pathologies, Monastir, LR 18ES40, 5000, Tunisia
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Luo H, Liu R, Lang Y, Zhao J, Zhuang C, Wang J, Liang C, Zhang J. Melatonin alleviated fluoride-induced impairment of spermatogenesis and sperm maturation process via Interleukin-17A. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:113867. [PMID: 37269891 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride-induced male reproductive failure is a major environmental and human health concern, but interventions are still lacking. Melatonin (MLT) has potential functions in regulating testicular damage and interleukin-17 (IL-17) production. This study aims to explore whether MLT can mitigate fluoride-induced male reproductive toxicity through IL-17A, and screen the potential targets. So the wild type and IL-17A knockout mice were employed and treated with sodium fluoride (100 mg/L) by drinking water and MLT (10 mg/kg.BW, intraperitoneal injection per two days starting from week 16) for 18 weeks. Bone F- concentrations, grade of dental damage, sperm quality, spermatogenic cells counts, histological morphology of testis and epididymis, and the mRNA expression of spermatogenesis and maturation, classical pyroptosis related and immune factor genes were detected respectively. The results revealed that MLT supplementations alleviated fluoride-induced impairment of spermatogenesis and maturation process, protecting the morphology of testis and epididymis through IL-17A pathway, and Tesk1 and Pten were identified as candidate targets from 29 regulation genes. Taken together, this study demonstrated a new physiological role for MLT in the protection against fluoride-induced reproductive injury and possible regulation mechanisms, which providing a useful therapeutic strategy for male reproductive function failure caused by fluoride or other environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Rongxiu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Yilin Lang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Jinhui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Cuicui Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Jundong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Chen Liang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China.
| | - Jianhai Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China.
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González-Casamada C, Nevarez-Rascón M, Nevarez-Rascón A, González-Galván M, Isiordia-Espinoza MA, Bologna-Molina R, Sánchez-Pérez L, Molina-Frechero N. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Dental Fluorosis: A Systematic Review. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:211. [PMID: 36354656 PMCID: PMC9689045 DOI: 10.3390/dj10110211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors contribute to susceptibility and resistance to fluoride exposure. The aim of this systematic review was to identify alleles/genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with dental fluorosis (DF) and to identify them as protective or risk factors. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for articles; the last search was performed in August 2022. Human studies that analyzed the relationship between SNPs and DF published in English were included; systematic reviews and meta-analyses were excluded. Methodological quality was graded using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist and risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. Eighteen articles were included, 44% of which showed high methodological quality and data from 5,625 participants aged 6 to 75 years were analyzed. The SNPs COL1A2, ESR2, DLX1, DLX2, AMBN, TUFT1, TFIP11, miRNA17, and SOD2 were considered risk factors, and ESR1, MMP20, and ENAM were considered protective factors. In conclusion, there are alleles and genotypes of different single nucleotide polymorphisms involved in increasing or decreasing the risk of developing dental fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos González-Casamada
- Health Care Department, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Mario Alberto Isiordia-Espinoza
- Institute of Research in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinics, Los Altos University Center, University of Guadalajara, Tepatitlan de Morelos 47650, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ronell Bologna-Molina
- Research Department, School of Dentistry, Juarez University of the Durango State, Durango 34000, Mexico
- Molecular Pathology Area, School of Dentistry, University of the Republic, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
| | - Leonor Sánchez-Pérez
- Division of Biological and Health Sciences, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Nelly Molina-Frechero
- Division of Biological and Health Sciences, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
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Chakraborty A, Pramanik S, Datta K, Goswami R, Saha D, Majumdar KK, Sikdar N. Possible Association Between Polymorphisms in ESR1, COL1A2, BGLAP, SPARC, VDR, and MMP2 Genes and Dental Fluorosis in a Population from an Endemic Region of West Bengal. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4641-4653. [PMID: 35066749 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Dental fluorosis (DF) is the most prevalent form of fluorosis in India affecting millions of people all over the country. As estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), collagen type 1 alpha 2 (COL1A2), bone γ-carboxyglutamic acid protein (BGLAP), secreted protein acidic and cysteine-rich (SPARC), vitamin D receptor (VDR), and matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) genes play critical roles in bone metabolism, bone formation, mineral metabolism, and mineralization, variants in these genes could influence susceptibility to DF. The present study was aimed at evaluating the association between 15 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the six candidate genes (namely, ESR1, COL1A2, BGLAP, SPARC, VDR, and MMP2) and DF among 132 individuals (case = 71 and control = 61) living in a fluoride endemic region of West Bengal, India. No statistically significant association with disease risk was found when the genotypes and allele frequencies of each of the 15 SNPs was analyzed individually using odd's ratio with 95% confidence interval. "CC" and "AG" haplotypes of the COL1A2 gene showed a borderline association with DF. The present study is the first in India to use multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis for identifying gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in fluorosis. The biomarker of serum fluoride showed a significant association with the disease state among the 17 attributes (15 SNPs and 2 biomarkers of urine fluoride and serum fluoride) (P value = 0.011). The best model of MDR analysis with maximized testing accuracy involved two SNPs from the ESR1 gene (rs9340799 and rs2077647) and one SNP from BGLAP gene (rs1543294) (P value < 0.0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Chakraborty
- Kolkata Zonal Centre, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, i-8 Sector-C, East Kolkata Township, Kolkata, 700107, India
| | - Sreemanta Pramanik
- Kolkata Zonal Centre, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, i-8 Sector-C, East Kolkata Township, Kolkata, 700107, India.
| | - Kallol Datta
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, P.O. N.S.S., Kalyani, 741251, West Bengal, India
| | - Rakesh Goswami
- Kolkata Zonal Centre, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, i-8 Sector-C, East Kolkata Township, Kolkata, 700107, India
| | - Depanwita Saha
- Kolkata Zonal Centre, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, i-8 Sector-C, East Kolkata Township, Kolkata, 700107, India
| | - Kunal Kanti Majumdar
- Department of Community Medicine, KPC Medical College and Hospital, 1F Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Nilabja Sikdar
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Baranagar, Kolkata, 700108, India
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Effects of SNPs in SOD2 and SOD3 interacted with fluoride exposure on the susceptibility of dental fluorosis. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 239:113879. [PMID: 34758947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A total of 649 children aged 7-13 years of age were recruited in a cross-sectional study in Tongxu County, China (2017) to assess the effects of interaction between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SOD2 and SOD3 gene and fluoride exposure on dental fluorosis (DF) status. Associations between biomarkers and DF status were evaluated. Logistic regression suggested that the risk of DF in children with rs10370 GG genotype and rs5746136 TT genotype was 1.89-fold and 1.72-fold than that in children with TT/CC genotype, respectively. Increased T-SOD activity was associated with a lower risk of DF (OR = 0.99). The rs2855262*rs10370*UF model was regarded as the optimal interaction model in generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction analyses. Our findings suggested that rs4880 and rs10370 might be useful genetic markers for DF, and there might be interactions among rs10370 in SOD2, rs2855262 in SOD3, and fluoride exposure on DF status.
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Lavôr JR, Lacerda RHW, Modesto A, Vieira AR. Maxillary incisor enamel defects in individuals born with cleft lip/palate. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244506. [PMID: 33370403 PMCID: PMC7769421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CLP) is considered the most frequent congenital malformations of the head and neck, with cleft individuals exhibiting more chances of presenting abnormalities such as developmental defects of enamel (DDE). Matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) is a membrane-bound protein with collagen-degrading ability and has important roles in tooth formation and mineralization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency, location, severity and extent of DDE found in the maxillary incisors for groups of individuals born with CLP, as well as understanding their relationship with the cleft side. Besides, this study addresses the hypothesis that DDE can be influenced by variation in the MMP2 genes (rs9923304). Individual samples, clinical history, intraoral photographs and panoramic radiographs were obtained from 233 patients under treatment at the Cleft Lip and Palate Service of the University Hospital Lauro Wanderley at the Federal University of Paraíba. Digital images were examined by the same evaluator using the Classification of Defects According to the Modified DDE Index, and then loaded into the Image Tool software, where two measurements were made: total area of the buccal surface (SA) and the area of the DDE (DA), obtaining the percentage of the surface area affected (%SAD) (ICC = 0.99). Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva samples from 124 participants. Genotyping was carried out using TaqMan chemistry for one marker in MMP2 (rs9923304). Statistical analyses were performed by The Jamovi Project software. The Shapiro-Wilk test was applied, followed by the Student’s t-test and the Mann-Whitney test. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests, and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) calculations were used to determine Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and statistically significant differences with an alpha of 0.05. No significant differences in the prevalence and extent of enamel defects were found between male and female individuals born with CLP (p = 0.058256). The frequency of individuals presenting teeth with DDE, in relation to the cleft and non-cleft side, was statistically different (p <0.001; OR = 7.15, CI: 4.674> 7.151> 10.942). However, the averages of %SAD were similar (p = 0.18). The highest means of the %SAD were found in individuals with bilateral cleft lip with or without cleft palate (BCLP) when compared to individuals with unilateral cleft lip with or without cleft palate (UCLP), for the teeth inside (IA) and outside the cleft area (OA) (p <0.001). Regardless of the cleft side, individuals with BCLP were 7.85 times more likely to have more than one third of the tooth surface affected, showing more frequently defects in the three thirds (OA: p <0.001) (IA: p = 0.03), as well as a higher frequency of more than one type of defect (OA: p = 0.000358) (IA: p = 0.008016), whereas in UCLP, defects were isolated and restricted to only one third, more frequently, the incisal third (OA: p = 0.009) (IA: p = 0.001), with greater frequency of milder defects, such as demarcated (p = 0.02) and diffuse (p = 0.008) opacities. A higher frequency of the T allele, less common, was observed in the group of CLP individuals who had all the affected teeth or at least two teeth with %SAD greater than 20% (p = 0.019843). Our results suggest that MMP2 may have a role in the cases that presented DDE and genotyping rs9923304 could serve as the basis for a genomic approach to define risks for individuals born with CLP. Frequency and severity of DDE is strongly related to the CLP phenotype, since the highest values were found for BCLP. However, the extent of the DDE is independent of its relationship with the side of the cleft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane R. Lavôr
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Modesto
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alexandre R. Vieira
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tremillo-Maldonado O, Molina-Frechero N, González-González R, Damián-Matsumura P, Sánchez-Pérez L, Sicco E, Suarez M, Bologna-Molina R. DNA sequencing reveals AMELX, ODAM and MMP20 variations in dental fluorosis. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 110:104626. [PMID: 31838295 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental fluorosis (DF) is a dental development disorder caused by chronic fluoride overconsumption. There are differences in the susceptibility to and severity of DF in studied populations. The objective of the present study was to determine if single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) in the genes Amelogenin (AMELX), Odontogenic Ameloblast Associated (ODAM) and Matrix Metalloproteinase 20 (MMP20) are associated with DF by evaluating the relationship between variations in these genes and the degree of DF severity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Schoolchildren from two regions of Durango State and Mexico City, Mexico, were studied. The DF phenotype was determined using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov (TF) index. DNA was obtained from the buccal mucosa of each participant, and the presence of the variations rs946252 in AMELX, rs1514392 in ODAM and rs1784418 in MMP20 was determined by bidirectional DNA sequencing. RESULTS A total of 180 DNA samples from 30 schoolchildren from 2 areas of Durango State were sequenced and analyzed. Differences in the severity of DF were found between the study areas (p = 0.006). SNVs in theMMP20 gene were present in 76.9 % of the participants in the high fluoride concentration and lower DF severity area. CONCLUSION AMELX and ODAM variations was not different between the two populations with respect to DF severity; however, the presence of rs1784418 differed between phenotypes with regard to susceptibility to DF. Therefore, MMP20 might be related to the various phenotypes of DF and may serve as a protective marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Tremillo-Maldonado
- Biological and Health Sciences Ph.D. Program, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nelly Molina-Frechero
- Health and Care Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University - Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | - Pablo Damián-Matsumura
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Metropolitan Autonomous University - Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leonor Sánchez-Pérez
- Health and Care Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University - Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Estefanía Sicco
- Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Suarez
- Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ronell Bologna-Molina
- Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay
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Torres AFC, Antunes LS, Oliveira NFD, Küchler EC, Gomes CC, Antunes LAA. Genetic Polymorphism and Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases in Periapical Lesions: Systematic Review. J Endod 2020; 46:3-11.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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