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Akinmoladun AC, Adelabu AA, Saliu IO, Adetuyi AR, Olaleye MT. Protective properties of Spondias mombin Linn leaves on redox status, cholinergic dysfunction and electrolyte disturbance in cyanide-intoxicated rats. Sci Prog 2021; 104:368504211011866. [PMID: 33913392 PMCID: PMC10454855 DOI: 10.1177/00368504211011866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyanide is an environmental neurotoxin which has been reported to arrest the normal functioning of the brain. This study investigated the protective properties of methanol and flavonoid-rich extracts of the leaves of Spondias mombin on redox status, cholinergic dysfunction and electrolyte disturbance in cyanide-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Male Wistar rats were orally pre-treated with Spondias mombin methanol leaf extract (SMC) (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg), flavonoid-rich extract (SMF) (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg) or quercetin (20 mg/kg), followed by intraperitoneal administration of 2 mg/kg potassium cyanide. Cyanide intoxication caused brain damage in rats as echoed in the deleterious alterations to activities/levels of endogenous antioxidants and biomarkers/enzymes linked with electrolyte imbalance and neurotoxicity. Pre-treatment with SMC and SMF significantly attenuated these KCN-induced imbalances (p < 0.05). The results suggested that the protection conferred by SMC and SMF probably involves attenuation of oxidative stress and regulation of ionic homeostasis. SMF displayed a better apparent ameliorative activity than SMC and 75 mg/kg SMF offered the best protection suggesting that flavonoids probably contributed to the protective effect of Spondias mombin leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afolabi Clement Akinmoladun
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Adesola Adebusayo Adelabu
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Olabayode Saliu
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Aanuoluwapo Ruth Adetuyi
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Mary Tolulope Olaleye
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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Turkyilmaz IB, Bilgin Sokmen B, Yanardag R. Alpha‐lipoic acid prevents brain injury in rats administered with valproic acid. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22580. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ismet Burcu Turkyilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering Istanbul University‐Cerrahpasa Istanbul Turkey
| | - Bahar Bilgin Sokmen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Giresun University Giresun Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering Istanbul University‐Cerrahpasa Istanbul Turkey
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Protection from spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion damage with alpha-lipoic acid preconditioning in an animal model. TURK GOGUS KALP DAMAR CERRAHISI DERGISI-TURKISH JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2018; 26:138-145. [PMID: 32082723 DOI: 10.5606/tgkdc.dergisi.2018.14432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aims to investigate whether preconditioning with alpha-lipoic acid has any protective effect in neuronal damage in an experimental spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury model. Methods Eighteen adult male New Zealand rabbits (2.4-3.5 kg) were equally divided into sham, control and treatment groups. The abdominal aorta was occluded for 30 min proximally 1 cm below the renal artery and distally 1 cm above the bifurcation using aneurysm clips in control and treatment groups. Treatment group received intraperitoneal 100 mg/kg lipoic acid 20 min before aortic cross-clamping. The animals were sacrificed 48 hours after the operation and spinal cord segments between L2 and L5 were removed for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Levels of glutathione, malondialdehyde, total nitrate/nitrite, advanced oxidation protein products, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were examined in spinal cord. Results Preconditioning with alpha-lipoic acid demonstrated significantly favorable effects in all measured parameters of oxidative stress. Histopathological evaluation of the tissues also demonstrated significantly decreased neuronal degeneration, axonal damage, and microglial and astrocytic infiltration in the treatment group compared to the control group. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that alpha-lipoic acid administration before aortic cross-clamping has significant neuroprotective effect on spinal cord injury in rabbits.
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Horasanli B, Hasturk AE, Arikan M, Togral G, Helvacioglu F, Dagdeviren A, Mut S, Harman F, Argun G. Comparative evaluation of the electrophysiological, functional and ultrastructural effects of alpha lipoic acid and cyanocobalamin administration in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2017; 30:967-974. [PMID: 28968230 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-150386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B12 and alpha lipoic acid (ALA) are known to promote functional and morphological recovery after peripheral nerve injury. OBJECTIVE To compare the regenerative and neuroprotective effects of vitamin B12 and ALA treatment after sciatic nerve injury. METHODS A total of 40 rats were randomly assigned to control (sciatic nerve exposure without injury or anastomosis), sham (sciatic nerve injury and epineural anastomosis were performed but no treatment was administered), PS (isotonic saline was administered for 12 weeks after surgery), ALA (2 mg/kg ALA was administered for 12 weeks after surgery), and vitamin B12 groups (2 mg/kg cyanocobalamin was administered for 12 weeks after surgery). Functional recovery was determined by footprint analysis, in vivo neurophysiology, and ex vivo histopathological examination. RESULTS ALA treatment produced significant improvements in sciatic functional index values and non-significant improvements on electroneuromyography compared to vitamin B12 treatment. Upon histopathological examination, the regenerative effects of ALA were relevant to axonal structural recovery whereas vitamin B12 produced greater improvements in edema and myelination. CONCLUSIONS While both vitamin B12 and ALA produced improvements after sciatic nerve injury, ALA was more functionally effective. The unique ultrastructural effects of vitamin B12 and ALA treatment should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Askin Esen Hasturk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Arikan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Guray Togral
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Helvacioglu
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Baskent University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atilla Dagdeviren
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Baskent University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Senem Mut
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Lefkosa, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Harman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Lefkosa, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Guldeniz Argun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Abdel-Zaher AO, Farghaly HS, Farrag MM, Abdel-Rahman MS, Abdel-Wahab BA. A potential mechanism for the ameliorative effect of thymoquinone on pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling and cognitive impairments in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:553-561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Arens A, Smollin C. Case Files of the University of California, San Francisco Medical Toxicology Fellowship: Seizures and a Persistent Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis. J Med Toxicol 2016; 12:309-14. [PMID: 27079645 PMCID: PMC4996787 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-016-0547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Arens
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA
- California Poison Control Systems, 1001 Potrero Ave, SFGH 5, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA
- Veteran’s Affairs Hospital, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA
| | - Craig Smollin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA
- California Poison Control Systems, 1001 Potrero Ave, SFGH 5, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA
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McElroy CS, Day BJ. Antioxidants as potential medical countermeasures for chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 100:1-11. [PMID: 26476351 PMCID: PMC4744107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The continuing horrors of military conflicts and terrorism often involve the use of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and toxic industrial chemicals (TICs). Many CWA and TIC exposures are difficult to treat due to the danger they pose to first responders and their rapid onset that can produce death shortly after exposure. While the specific mechanism(s) of toxicity of these agents are diverse, many are associated either directly or indirectly with increased oxidative stress in affected tissues. This has led to the exploration of various antioxidants as potential medical countermeasures for CWA/TIC exposures. Studies have been performed across a wide array of agents, model organisms, exposure systems, and antioxidants, looking at an almost equally diverse set of endpoints. Attempts at treating CWAs/TICs with antioxidants have met with mixed results, ranging from no effect to nearly complete protection. The aim of this commentary is to summarize the literature in each category for evidence of oxidative stress and antioxidant efficacy against CWAs and TICs. While there is great disparity in the data concerning methods, models, and remedies, the outlook on antioxidants as medical countermeasures for CWA/TIC management appears promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron S McElroy
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Brian J Day
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
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Turamanlar O, Özen OA, Songur A, Yağmurca M, Akçer S, Mollaoğlu H, Aktaş C. Protective Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid on Rat Sciatic Nerve Ischemia Reperfusion Damage. Balkan Med J 2015; 32:196-202. [PMID: 26167345 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2015.15619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha lipoic acid is a potent antioxidant that plays numerous roles in human health. This study examined the effect of ALA on rat sciatic nerve ischemia reperfusion damage. AIMS Protective effect of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on sciatic nerve following ischemia-reperfusion in rats was investigated by using light microscopy and biochemical methods. Provided that the protective effect of ALA on sciatic nerve is proven, we think the damage to the sciatic nerve that has already occurred or might occur in patients for various reasons maybe prevented or stopped by giving ALA in convenient doses. STUDY DESIGN Animal experiment. METHODS Forty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 grams) were used in this study. Rats were randomly divided into six groups including one control (Group 1), one sham (Group 2), two ischemia-reperfusion (Groups 3 and 4) and two treatment groups (Groups5 and 6). Doses of 60 and 100 mg/kg ALA were given (Group 5 and 6) intra peritoneally twice, 1 and 24 hours before the ischemia to each treatment group. Ischemia was carried out the abdominal aorta starting from the distal part of the renal vein for two hours followed by reperfusion for three hours. In immunohistochemical methods, fibronectin immunoreactivity was analyzed. For biochemical analyses, the tissues were taken in eppendorf microtubes and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) enzyme activities as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitricoxide (NO) levels were measured. RESULTS Fibronectin was observed to have increased significantly in the ischemia group; on the other hand, it was observed to have decreased in parallel to the doses in the ALA groups. Biochemical studies showed that SOD and GSHPx declined with ischemia-reperfusion, but the activities of these enzymes were increased in the treatment groups in parallel with the dose. It was found that increased MDA levels with ischemia-reperfusion were decreased in parallel with ALA dose. There were no statistically significant changes in NO. CONCLUSION Increased fibronectin observed after ischemia/reperfusion of rat sciatic nerve is reduced after the administration of ALA. This indicates that the function of fibronectin, to reconnect cut nerve segments and regenerate nerves, is more prominent than its function in tissue healing after ischemia. ALA administered before ischemia decreases MDA and increases SOD and GSHPx. We think that ALA may protect against the pathological changes in ischemic nerve and may be used to devise more efficient treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Turamanlar
- Department of Anatomy, Afyon Kocatepe University Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Aslan Özen
- Department of Anatomy, Namık Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Songur
- Department of Anatomy, Afyon Kocatepe University Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Murat Yağmurca
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Turgut Özal University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sezer Akçer
- Department of Anatomy, Dumlupınar University Faculty of Medicine, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Mollaoğlu
- Department of Physiology, Şifa University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Cevat Aktaş
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Turgut Özal University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Patki G, Li L, Allam F, Solanki N, Dao AT, Alkadhi K, Salim S. Moderate treadmill exercise rescues anxiety and depression-like behavior as well as memory impairment in a rat model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Physiol Behav 2014; 130:47-53. [PMID: 24657739 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition which can develop from exposure to a severe traumatic event such as those occurring during wars or natural disasters. Benzodiazepines and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered the gold standard for PTSD treatment, but their side effects pose a serious problem. While regular physical exercise is regarded as a mood elevator and known to enhance cognitive function, its direct role in rescuing core symptoms of PTSD including anxiety and depression-like behaviors and cognitive impairment is unclear. In the present study using the single-prolonged stress (SPS) rat model of PTSD (2h restrain, 20 min forced swimming, 15 min rest, and 1-2 min diethyl ether exposure), we examined the beneficial effect of moderate treadmill exercise on SPS-induced behavioral deficits including anxiety and depression-like behaviors and memory impairment. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: control (sedentary), exercised, SPS (no exercise), or SPS-exercised. Rats were exercised on a rodent treadmill for 14 consecutive days. Rats in all groups were tested for anxiety-like behaviors using open field (OF), light-dark and elevated-plus maze tests. All rats were tested for short-term and long-term memory in the radial arm water maze test. Rats were then sacrificed, blood was collected (for corticosterone levels), and individual organs (spleen, adrenals, and thymus) harvested. Results suggest that moderate physical exercise ameliorates SPS-induced behavioral deficits in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Patki
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lumeng Li
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Farida Allam
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naimesh Solanki
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - An T Dao
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karim Alkadhi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samina Salim
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, TX, USA.
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Okuyan M, Akca M, Yildirim M. Electrophysiological evidence for the anticonvulsant effect of alpha-lipoic acid via indirect antioxidant properties in BALB/c mice. Neurol Res 2013; 35:726-33. [DOI: 10.1179/1743132813y.0000000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukadder Okuyan
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Metehan Akca
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yildirim
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Involvement of glutamate, oxidative stress and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the convulsant activity of ciprofloxacin in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 685:30-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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