1
|
Lu Z, Suzuki A, Wang D. Statistical methods for exploring spontaneous adverse event reporting databases for drug-host factor interactions. BMC Med Res Methodol 2023; 23:71. [PMID: 36973693 PMCID: PMC10041785 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-023-01885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug toxicity does not affect patients equally; the toxicity may only exert in patients who possess certain attributes of susceptibility to specific drug properties (i.e., drug-host interaction). This concept is crucial for personalized drug safety but remains under-studied, primarily due to methodological challenges and limited data availability. By monitoring a large volume of adverse event reports in the postmarket stage, spontaneous adverse event reporting systems provide an unparalleled resource of information for adverse events and could be utilized to explore risk disparities of specific adverse events by age, sex, and other host factors. However, well-formulated statistical methods to formally address such risk disparities are currently lacking. METHODS In this paper, we present a statistical framework to explore spontaneous adverse event reporting databases for drug-host interactions and detect risk disparities in adverse drug events by various host factors, adapting methods for safety signal detection. We proposed four different methods, including likelihood ratio test, normal approximation test, and two tests using subgroup ratios. We applied our proposed methods to simulated data and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting Systems (FAERS) and explored sex-/age-disparities in reported liver events associated with specific drug classes. RESULTS The simulation result demonstrates that two tests (likelihood ratio, normal approximation) can detect disparities in adverse drug events associated with host factors while controlling the family wise error rate. Application to real data on drug liver toxicity shows that the proposed method can be used to detect drugs with unusually high level of disparity regarding a host factor (sex or age) for liver toxicity or to determine whether an adverse event demonstrates a significant unbalance regarding the host factor relative to other events for the drug. CONCLUSION Though spontaneous adverse event reporting databases require careful data processing and inference, the sheer size of the databases with diverse data from different countries provides unique resources for exploring various questions for drug safety that are otherwise impossible to address. Our proposed methods can be used to facilitate future investigation on drug-host interactions in drug toxicity using a large number of reported adverse events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Lu
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sex Differences in X-ray-Induced Endothelial Damage: Effect of Taurine and N-Acetylcysteine. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010077. [PMID: 36670939 PMCID: PMC9854489 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) can induce some associated pathological conditions due to numerous cell damages. The influence of sex is scarcely known, and even less known is whether the effect of antioxidants is sex-dependent. Given the increased use of IR, we investigated whether male human umbilical vein endothelial cells (MHUVECs) and female human umbilical vein endothelial cells (FHUVECs) respond differently to IR exposure and whether the antioxidants 10 mM taurine (TAU) and 5 mM N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can prevent IR-induced damage in a sex-dependent way. In untreated cells, sex differences were observed only during autophagy, which was higher in FHUVECs. In non-irradiated cells, preincubation with TAU and NAC did not modify viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, migration, or autophagy, whereas only NAC increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in FHUVECs. X-ray irradiation increased LDH release and reduced viability and migration in a sex-independent manner. TAU and NAC did not affect viability while reduced LDH release in irradiated cells: they have the same protective effect in FHUVECs, while, TAU was more protective than NAC in male cells.. Moreover, TAU and NAC significantly promoted the closure of wounds in both sexes in irradiated cells, but NAC was more effective at doing this in FHUVECs. In irradiated cells, TAU did not change autophagy, while NAC attenuated the differences between the sexes. Finally, NAC significantly decreased MDA in MHUVECs and increased MDA in FHUVECs. In conclusion, FHUVECs appear to be more susceptible to IR damage, and the effects of the two antioxidants present some sex differences, suggesting the need to study the influence of sex in radiation mitigators.
Collapse
|
3
|
Twenty years of amino acid determination using capillary electrophoresis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1174:338233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
4
|
Franconi F, Campesi I, Romani A. Is Extra Virgin Olive Oil an Ally for Women's and Men's Cardiovascular Health? Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 2020:6719301. [PMID: 32454893 PMCID: PMC7212338 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6719301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases are long-lasting and slowly progressive and are the leading causes of death and disability. They include cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) that are rising worldwide, with CVD being the leading cause of death in developed countries. Thus, there is a need to find new preventive and therapeutic approaches. Polyphenols seem to have cardioprotective properties; among them, polyphenols and/or minor polar compounds of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) are attracting special interest. In consideration of numerous sex differences present in CVD and DM, in this narrative review, we applied "gender glasses." Globally, it emerges that olive oil and its derivatives exert some anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, modulate glucose metabolism, and ameliorate endothelial dysfunction. However, as in prescription drugs, also in this case there is an important gender bias because the majority of the preclinical studies are performed on male animals, and the sex of donors of cells is not often known; thus a sex/gender bias characterizes preclinical research. There are numerous clinical studies that seem to suggest the benefits of EVOO and its derivatives in CVD; however, these studies have numerous limitations, presenting also a considerable heterogeneity across the interventions. Among limitations, one of the most relevant in the era of personalized medicine, is the non-attention versus women that are few and, also when they are enrolled, sex analysis is lacking. Therefore, in our opinion, it is time to perform more long, extensive and lessheterogeneous trials enrolling both women and men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Franconi
- Laboratorio Nazionale sulla Farmacologia e Medicina di Genere, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture Biosistemi, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campesi
- Laboratorio Nazionale sulla Farmacologia e Medicina di Genere, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture Biosistemi, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Romani
- Laboratorio PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement Technology and Analysis), DiSIA Università Degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Florence, Italy
- Laboratorio di Qualità Delle Merci e Affidabilità di Prodotto, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, 59100 Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hepatotoxicity induced by psoralen and isopsoralen from Fructus Psoraleae: Wistar rats are more vulnerable than ICR mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 125:133-140. [PMID: 30597224 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fructus Psoraleae (FP) causes cholestatic liver injury; however, its main toxic constituents that are responsible for causing hepatotoxicity remained undetermined in previous studies. In the present study, psoralen and isopsoralen, the two main constituents of FP, were administered orally to rats (80 and 40 mg/kg, respectively) and mice (320 and 160 mg/kg, respectively) for 28 days, followed by biochemical and histopathological examinations to evaluate their hepatotoxicity. The results showed that psoralen and isopsoralen could induce the toxic reactions of liver and other organs in rats, while mice were not sensitive to these two compounds. Furthermore, the corresponding results indicated that administration of psoralen and isopsoralen repressed the expression of CYP7A1, BSEP, MRP2 and SULT2A1 and increased the expression of FXR and MRP3 in the rat liver. In summary, the toxic reactions of psoralen and isopsoralen are different in different species. In this study, multiple organ toxicity, such as cholestatic liver injury, occurs in rats, but not in mice. Psoralen and isopsoralen are the two main toxic constituents of FP. In addition, psoralen and isopsoralen cause liver injury, possibly through inhibiting bile acid excretion in the liver, leading to the accumulation of toxin in hepatocytes.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ruoppolo M, Caterino M, Albano L, Pecce R, Di Girolamo MG, Crisci D, Costanzo M, Milella L, Franconi F, Campesi I. Targeted metabolomic profiling in rat tissues reveals sex differences. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4663. [PMID: 29549307 PMCID: PMC5856765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences affect several diseases and are organ-and parameter-specific. In humans and animals, sex differences also influence the metabolism and homeostasis of amino acids and fatty acids, which are linked to the onset of diseases. Thus, the use of targeted metabolite profiles in tissues represents a powerful approach to examine the intermediary metabolism and evidence for any sex differences. To clarify the sex-specific activities of liver, heart and kidney tissues, we used targeted metabolomics, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis and linear correlation models to evaluate sex and organ-specific differences in amino acids, free carnitine and acylcarnitine levels in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Several intra-sex differences affect tissues, indicating that metabolite profiles in rat hearts, livers and kidneys are organ-dependent. Amino acids and carnitine levels in rat hearts, livers and kidneys are affected by sex: male and female hearts show the greatest sexual dimorphism, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Finally, multivariate analysis confirmed the influence of sex on the metabolomics profiling. Our data demonstrate that the metabolomics approach together with a multivariate approach can capture the dynamics of physiological and pathological states, which are essential for explaining the basis of the sex differences observed in physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Ruoppolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli, "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy.,Associazione Culturale DiSciMuS, RFC 80026, Casoria, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marianna Caterino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli, "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy.,Associazione Culturale DiSciMuS, RFC 80026, Casoria, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Albano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli, "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rita Pecce
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli, "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Di Girolamo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli, "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Crisci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli, "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Michele Costanzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli, "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Milella
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Flavia Franconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Assessorato alle Politiche della Persone della Regione Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kujawska M, Ewertowska M, Ignatowicz E, Adamska T, Szaefer H, Zielińska-Dawidziak M, Piasecka-Kwiatkowska D, Jodynis-Liebert J. Evaluation of Safety of Iron-Fortified Soybean Sprouts, a Potential Component of Functional Food, in Rat. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 71:13-8. [PMID: 26880214 PMCID: PMC4786607 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-016-0535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin-iron is currently considered as one of the most promising iron forms to prevent iron deficiency anaemia. We found that the cultivation of soybean seeds in a solution of ferrous sulfate results in material with extremely high iron content - 560.6 mg Fe/100 g of dry matter, while ferritin iron content was 420.5 mg/100 g dry matter. To assess the potential adverse effects of a preparation containing such a high concentration of iron, male and female Wistar rats were exposed via diet to 10, 30, 60 g soybean sprouts powder/kg feed for 90 days. There were no differences in final body weight and mean food consumption between controls and rats administered sprouts. No statistically significant differences in haematology and clinical chemistry parameters were found between controls and treated rats. Microscopic examination of 22 tissues did not reveal any pathology due to soybean sprouts intake. Long term administration of the test material did not cause oxidative damage to DNA and protein in the liver as evidenced by the unchanged basal levels of DNA damage as well as carbonyl groups content. Lipid peroxidation was slightly increased only in females. The activity of several antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase was increased, which substantially enhanced the antioxidant status in the liver from the rats treated with soybean sprouts. Hence, the material tested can be recommended as a component of food supplements for individuals with iron deficiency anaemia and inflammatory bowel diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Str., 60-631, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ewertowska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Str., 60-631, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Ignatowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcicki Str., 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | - Teresa Adamska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Str., 60-631, Poznań, Poland
| | - Hanna Szaefer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcicki Str., 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zielińska-Dawidziak
- Department of Food Biochemistry and Analysis, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 48 Mazowiecka Str., 60-623, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dorota Piasecka-Kwiatkowska
- Department of Food Biochemistry and Analysis, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 48 Mazowiecka Str., 60-623, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Jodynis-Liebert
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Str., 60-631, Poznań, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Campesi I, Occhioni S, Tonolo G, Cherchi S, Basili S, Carru C, Zinellu A, Franconi F. Ageing/Menopausal Status in Healthy Women and Ageing in Healthy Men Differently Affect Cardiometabolic Parameters. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:124-32. [PMID: 26941571 PMCID: PMC4764779 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.14163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender medicine requires a global analysis of an individual's life. Menopause and ageing induce variations of some cardiometabolic parameters, but, it is unknown if this occurs in a sex-specific manner. Here, some markers of oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction are analysed in men younger and older than 45 years and in pre- and postmenopausal women. METHODS Serum and plasma sample were assayed for TNF-α and IL-6, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls and for methylated arginines using ELISA kits, colorimetric methods and capillary electrophoresis. RESULTS Before body weight correction, men overall had higher creatinine, red blood cells and haemoglobin and lower triglycerides than women. Men younger than 45 years had lower levels of TNF-α and malondialdehyde and higher levels of arginine than age-matched women, while postmenopausal women had higher IL-6 concentrations than men, and higher total cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine and IL-6 levels than younger women. Men younger than 45 years had lower total cholesterol and malondialdehyde than older men. After correction, some differences remained, others were amplified, others disappeared and some new differences emerged. Moreover, some parameters showed a correlation with age, and some of them correlated with each other as functions of ageing and ageing/menopausal status. CONCLUSIONS Ageing/menopausal status increased many more cardiovascular risk factors in women than ageing in men, confirming that postmenopausal women had increased vascular vulnerability and indicating the need of early cardiovascular prevention in women. Sex-gender differences are also influenced by body weight, indicating as a matter of debate whether body weight should be seen as a true confounder or as part of the causal pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Campesi
- 1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- 2. National Laboratory of Gender Medicine of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Osilo, Italy
| | - Stefano Occhioni
- 1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Tonolo
- 3. SC Diabetologia Aziendale ASL 2 Olbia, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Olbia, Italy
| | - Sara Cherchi
- 1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- 3. SC Diabetologia Aziendale ASL 2 Olbia, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Olbia, Italy
| | - Stefania Basili
- 4. Department of internal medicine and medical specialties, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- 1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- 5. Quality Control Unit, Hospital University of Sassari (AOU), Sassari, Italy
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- 1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Flavia Franconi
- 1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- 6. Assessorato alle Politiche per la Persona of Basilicata Region, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Napoli Z, Seghieri G, Bianchi L, Anichini R, De Bellis A, Campesi I, Carru C, Occhioni S, Zinellu A, Franconi F. Taurine Transporter Gene Expression in Mononuclear Blood Cells of Type 1 Diabetes Patients. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:7313162. [PMID: 26955642 PMCID: PMC4756203 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7313162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taurine transporter gene expression (RNA-TauT) has a role in retinal cell function and is modulated in vitro and in vivo by hyperglycemia and/or oxidative stress. This study was aimed at testing whether RNA-TauT gene expression is modified in blood mononuclear peripheral cells (MPCs) of type 1 diabetic patients, is related to plasma markers of oxidative stress or endothelial dysfunction, or, finally, is related to presence of retinopathy. METHODS RNA-TauT was measured in MPCs by real-time PCR-analysis in 35 type 1 diabetic patients and in 33 age- and sex-matched controls, additionally measuring plasma and cell taurine and markers of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. RESULTS RNA-TauT, expressed as 2(-ΔΔCt), was significantly higher in MPCs of type 1 diabetic patients than in controls [median (interquartile range): 1.32(0.31) versus 1.00(0.15); P = 0.01]. In diabetic patients RNA-TauT was related to HbA1c (r = 0.42; P = 0.01) and inversely to plasma homocysteine (r = -0.39; P = 0.02) being additionally significantly higher in MPCs of patients without retinopathy [(n = 22); 1.36(0.34)] compared to those with retinopathy [(n = 13); 1.16(0.20)], independently from HbA1c or diabetes duration. CONCLUSIONS RNA-TauT gene expression is significantly upregulated in MPCs of type 1 diabetes patients and is related to HbA1c levels and inversely to plasma homocysteine. Finally, in diabetes patients, RNA-TauT upregulation seems to be blunted in patients with retinopathy independently of their metabolic control or longer diabetes duration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaleida Napoli
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, S. Jacopo Hospital, 51100 Pistoia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Seghieri
- Agenzia Regionale Sanità, Toscana, Florence, Italy
- Accademia Medica Pistoiese F. Pacini, 51100 Pistoia, Italy
- *Giuseppe Seghieri:
| | - Loria Bianchi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, S. Jacopo Hospital, 51100 Pistoia, Italy
| | | | | | - Ilaria Campesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefano Occhioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Flavia Franconi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Poinsot V, Ong-Meang V, Gavard P, Couderc F. Recent advances in amino acid analysis by capillary electromigration methods, 2013-2015. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:142-61. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Véréna Poinsot
- Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire des IMRCP; Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Varravaddheay Ong-Meang
- Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire des IMRCP; Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Pierre Gavard
- Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire des IMRCP; Toulouse Cedex France
| | - François Couderc
- Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire des IMRCP; Toulouse Cedex France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Franconi F, Rosano G, Campesi I. Need for gender-specific pre-analytical testing: the dark side of the moon in laboratory testing. Int J Cardiol 2014; 179:514-35. [PMID: 25465806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Many international organisations encourage studies in a sex-gender perspective. However, research with a gender perspective presents a high degree of complexity, and the inclusion of sex-gender variable in experiments presents many methodological questions, the majority of which are still neglected. Overcoming these issues is fundamental to avoid erroneous results. Here, pre-analytical aspects of the research, such as study design, choice of utilised specimens, sample collection and processing, animal models of diseases, and the observer's role, are discussed. Artefacts in this stage of research could affect the predictive value of all analyses. Furthermore, the standardisation of research subjects according to their lifestyles and, if female, to their life phase and menses or oestrous cycle, is urgent to harmonise research worldwide. A sex-gender-specific attention to pre-analytical aspects could produce a decrease in the time for translation from the bench to bedside. Furthermore, sex-gender-specific pre-clinical pharmacological testing will enable adequate assessment of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic actions of drugs and will enable, where appropriate, an adequate gender-specific clinical development plan. Therefore, sex-gender-specific pre-clinical research will increase the gender equity of care and will produce more evidence-based medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Franconi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, National Laboratory of Gender Medicine of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Osilo, Sassari, Italy; Vicepresident of Basilicata Region.
| | - Giuseppe Rosano
- Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria Campesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, National Laboratory of Gender Medicine of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Osilo, Sassari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Campesi I, Straface E, Occhioni S, Montella A, Franconi F. Protein oxidation seems to be linked to constitutive autophagy: a sex study. Life Sci 2013; 93:145-52. [PMID: 23770210 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM Although constitutive autophagy is linked to redox state and participates in cell homeostasis, it is scarcely known if redox state, autophagy, and lysosomal function depend on sex, a factor that largely influences health and diseases. Therefore, we evaluated the existence of sex differences in redox state and constitutive autophagy in rat tissues. MAIN METHODS 7week old Sprague-Dawley rats were used to obtain organs. Malondialdehyde (MDA), and carbonylated proteins were measured by spectrophotometric methods for redox state assessment. The autophagy biomarkers Beclin-1, and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; checkpoint in autophagic process), and the lysosomal associated membrane protein (LAMP-1; biomarker of lysosomes) were evaluated by Western blotting. Immunofluorescence analysis was also performed for LC3 and LAMP-1 colocalization. KEY FINDINGS In the heart, Beclin-1, and LC3-II/LC3-I were higher in males than in females suggesting that the male heart has a major constitutive autophagy and this was linked with higher levels of carbonyl groups, indicating that protein oxidation could play a role. In the liver, it was found that LAMP-1 was higher in males and greatly colocalized with LC3 indicating a larger number of autophagolysosomes. None of the above parameters was significantly different in the kidneys of both sexes with the exception of MDA, which was significantly higher in females. SIGNIFICANCE The above results suggest that sex differences exist in redox state and autophagy and they occur in an organ-specific way. Importantly, it seems that the protein oxidation is more linked with constitutive autophagy, at least in cardiac ventricles, in comparison with lipid peroxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Campesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23, Sassari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|