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Keiner M, Balzhäuser L, Güssow A, Moritz A. [Granulomatous colitis in a French Bulldog puppy]. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2021; 49:212-218. [PMID: 34157763 DOI: 10.1055/a-1396-3101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A 6-month-old French bulldog was presented due to chronic large intestinal diarrhea of 4 months duration. The diagnostic procedures initiated by the referring veterinarian had resulted in a tentative diagnosis of chronic enteropathy, however treatment consisting of elimination diet as well as antibiotic, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive medication had been unsuccessful. By means of endoscopy and histological examination, pronounced erosions and ulcerations of the colonic mucosa were detected. Fluorescence in situ hybridization enabled the identification of invasive Escherichia coli within the colonic mucosa and colonic macrophages, allowing for the diagnosis of granulomatous colitis. The dog showed complete remission of clinical signs following 8 weeks of treatment with enrofloxacin. This case report describes the first successful treatment of granulomatous colitis with enrofloxacin in a French bulldog puppy in Germany and is intended to sensitize the reader to this disease in (young) dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Keiner
- Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Klinik für Kleintiere, Innere Medizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
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Cochran L, Hill S, Lotti U, Allenspach K, Palma D, Forman M, Gary AT, Dogan B, McDonough SP, Simpson KW. Clinical characteristics and long-term outcome of E. coli-associated granulomatous ileocolitis in dogs: five cases (2010-2014). J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:588-598. [PMID: 33660270 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical characteristics and long-term outcome of Escherichia coli-associated granulomatous ileocolitis in dogs. METHODS Retrospective review of medical records from dogs with periodic acid-Schiff positive (PAS+) granulomatous ileocolitis and mucosally invasive E. coli in the ileum and colon. Initial bacterial colonisation was evaluated using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in all dogs and corroborated with colonic and/or ileal culture, when performed. RESULTS Four boxer dogs and 1 French Bulldog with PAS+ granulomatous ileocolitis (GIC) were evaluated. All dogs had chronic diarrhoea refractory to empirical therapy. Ileocolonoscopy revealed mucosal haemorrhage and ulceration in the ileum (3/4) and colon (5/5). E. coli were visualised as clusters within the ileal and colonic mucosa. Complete (CR, 4/5) or partial (PR, 1/5) clinical response to fluoroquinolones was noted in all dogs within 30 days. CR was sustained in three of four dogs (median disease-free interval 40 months, range 16 to 60). Two dogs relapsed while receiving fluoroquinolones. Repeat biopsy isolated multidrug-resistant, mucosally invasive E. coli in the ileum (1/2) and colon (2/2). Targeted antimicrobial therapy was associated with long-term PR (78 months) in both dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Concurrent E. coli-associated granulomatous inflammation in the ileum and colon did not impart a poor clinical outcome or lack of response to the conventional standard of care for granulomatous colitis in dogs that were aggressively diagnosed and treated. Clinical outcome was influenced by antimicrobial resistance, with response dependent upon antimicrobial therapy informed by susceptibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cochran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterinary Specialty Hospital of San Diego by Ethos, San Diego, California, 92121, USA
| | - S Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterinary Specialty Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, California, 92121, USA
| | - U Lotti
- Clinica Veterinaria Valdinievole Srl, Via Costantino Nigra, Monsummano Terme (PT), Italy
| | - K Allenspach
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, 50011-1134, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - D Palma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Animal Medical Center, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - M Forman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cornell University Veterinary Specialists, Stamford, Connecticut, 06902, USA
| | - A T Gary
- Arkansas Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2150 Bypass Road, Heber Springs, Arkansas, 72543, USA
| | - B Dogan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - S P McDonough
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, T8 008A Veterinary Research Tower, Box 17 Ithaca, New York, 14853-6401, USA
| | - K W Simpson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
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Cartwright JA, Pérez-Accino J, Timothy C, Simpson KW, Salavati Schmitz S. Acute Ulcerative Enterocolitis With Severe Protein Loss Due to Mucosal Invasion With Enterococcus spp. in a Dog With Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency: A Case Report. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:577642. [PMID: 33195581 PMCID: PMC7644445 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.577642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe an unusual case of severe acute protein-losing enteropathy in a dog, which presented with a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. This dog's condition could not be categorized as any well-known canine intestinal condition. Instead, components of several enteropathies like acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS), chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE), and ulcerative and granulomatous colitis were present. Thorough investigations identified concurrent exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) and hypocobalaminemia. On histopathology, marked diffuse chronic-active ileitis and ulcerative colitis with fibroplasia and neovascularization were present. Intestinal biopsy cultures identified E.coli and multiresistant Enterococcus spp. The latter was identified as mucosally invasive using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Protracted clinical signs following the acute presentation required intensive care including enteral and parenteral feeding for a successful outcome, but eventually stabilized with antibiotics and immunosuppressive doses of glucocorticoids. This case highlights a potentially previously unrecognized condition, suspected to be a form of CIE manifesting acutely after bacterial mucosal invasion. In this case, this might have been facilitated by EPI-induced dysbiosis. The use of FISH and mucosal culture in this context provided important clinical information and should be considered more frequently in CIE and non-responsive AHDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Cartwright
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Pérez-Accino
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Timothy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, United States
| | - Kenneth W Simpson
- Simpson Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Silke Salavati Schmitz
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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Matsumoto I, Nakashima K, Morita H, Kasahara K, Kataoka O, Uchida K. Escherichia coli-induced granulomatous colitis in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2019; 5:2055116919836537. [PMID: 30899541 PMCID: PMC6419258 DOI: 10.1177/2055116919836537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 10-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat presented with a 6 month history of diarrhoea that responded poorly to medical treatment. Ultrasonography revealed moderate thickening of the colonic wall (4.8 mm) and right colic and jejunal lymphadenomegalies. Endoscopic examination revealed partial circumferential narrowing of the transverse colon and friable colonic mucosa with multiple haemorrhagic regions. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations revealed a large number of Escherichia coli phagocytosed by periodic acid–Schiff-positive macrophages. Bacterial culture also yielded enrofloxacin-sensitive E coli. The cat was initially treated with prednisolone, which resulted in little improvement. Following histopathological examination and bacterial culture, treatment with enrofloxacin was commenced. Antibacterial therapy resulted in remission of the diarrhoea and an increase in body weight within 14 days. Relevance and novel information Granulomatous colitis (GC) or histiocytic ulcerative colitis has been rarely described in cats. There has only been one previously published case study involving a cat, and the aetiology remains largely unknown. The current article describes the regression of E coli-related GC following antibacterial treatment in a cat. Clinical signs, histopathological appearance and response to enrofloxacin were similar to those in canine GC. The current findings suggest that E coli also plays an important role in the development of feline GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Matsumoto
- Japan Small Animal Medical Center, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Nakashima
- Japan Small Animal Medical Center, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hajime Morita
- Japan Small Animal Medical Center, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koichi Kasahara
- Japan Small Animal Medical Center, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Histiocytic Ulcerative Colitis in an American Staffordshire Terrier. J Comp Pathol 2018; 165:40-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Nolte A, Junginger J, Baum B, Hewicker-Trautwein M. Heterogeneity of macrophages in canine histiocytic ulcerative colitis. Innate Immun 2017; 23:228-239. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425916686170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Histiocytic ulcerative colitis (HUC) is a chronic enteropathy which most notably occurs in Boxer dogs and French bulldogs. The inflamed mucosa is hallmarked by large, foamy, periodic acid–Schiff (PAS)-positive macrophages infiltrating the colonic mucosa. As little is known about their origin and phenotype, an immunohistochemical study was performed using different macrophage markers. Generally, canine colonic macrophages showed high expression of ionised calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 and MHC class II. In canine HUC, macrophages revealed up-regulation of lysozyme and L1 Ag but decreased CD163 expression compared with controls, suggesting them to be pro-inflammatory cells, whereas the healthy colonic mucosa was characterised by an anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype. In addition, PAS reaction was used to discriminate macrophage subpopulations. PAS– macrophages displayed higher expression of L1 Ag and CD64, whereas PAS+ cells, which were only present in HUC patients, were characterised by increased expression of lysozyme, inducible nitric oxide synthase and CD204. This indicates PAS+ cells to be mature macrophages contributing to the inflammatory process, which are most likely maintained by differentiation of immature PAS– macrophages continuously recruited from blood monocytes. In summary, macrophage heterogeneity in canine HUC probably illustrates their different maturation states and functions compared with the healthy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nolte
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Junginger
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Berit Baum
- Vet Med Labor GmbH, Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Ludwigsburg, Germany
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Mueller M, Dahlem DP, Henrich M, Neiger R, Schmitz S. Favourable long‐term outcome of granulomatous colitis involving two
Escherichia coli
strains with multiple antimicrobial resistances in a French bulldog in Germany. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2016-000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manfred Henrich
- Institute for Veterinary PathologyJustus‐Liebig‐Universitat Giessen Fachbereich VeterinarmedizinGiessenHessenGermany
| | - Reto Neiger
- Small Animal ClinicJustus‐Liebig UniversityGiessenHessenGermany
| | - Silke Schmitz
- Small Animal ClinicJustus‐Liebig UniversityGiessenHessenGermany
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