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Cholich LA, Martinez A, Micheloud JF, Pistán ME, García EN, Robles CA, Ortega HH, Gimeno EJ. Alpha-mannosidosis caused by toxic plants in ruminants of Argentina. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20191496. [PMID: 34787167 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120191496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that several of the swainsonine-containing plant species found widespread around the world have a negative economic impact in each country. In Argentina, most of the information on the poisonous plant species that produce α-mannosidosis is published in Spanish and thus not available to most English-speaking researchers interested in toxic plants. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the information about swainsonine-containing plants in Argentina, which are extensively distributed throughout different ecoregions of the country. To date, five species from three genera have been shown to induce α-mannosidosis in livestock in Argentina: Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa, Ipomoea hieronymi subsp. calchaquina (Convolvulaceae), Astragalus garbancillo, Astragalus pehuenches (Fabaceae), and Sida rodrigoi (Malvaceae). These species contain the indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine, which inhibits the lysosomal enzyme α-mannosidase and consequently affects glycoprotein metabolism, resulting in partially metabolized sugars. The prolonged consumption of these poisonous plants produces progressive weight loss and clinical signs related to a nervous disorder, characterized by tremors of head and neck, abnormalities of gait, difficulty in standing, ataxia and wide-based stance. Histological lesions are mainly characterized by vacuolation of different cells, especially neurons of the central nervous system. The main animal model used to study α-mannosidosis is the guinea pig because, when experimentally poisoned, it exhibits many of the characteristics of naturally intoxicated livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana A Cholich
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Sargento Cabral 2139, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Piso 9, C1425FQB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Martinez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Grupo Salud Animal, Modesta Victoria 4450, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Juan F Micheloud
- Universidad Católica de Salta, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomía, Campus Castañares, A4400 Salta, Argentina.,Grupo de Trabajo de Patología, Epidemiología e Investigación Diagnostica, Área de Sanidad Animal-IIACS/INTA, Salta, Argentina
| | - María E Pistán
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Sargento Cabral 2139, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Enrique N García
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Sargento Cabral 2139, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Robles
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Grupo Salud Animal, Modesta Victoria 4450, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Hugo H Ortega
- Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET Litoral), Bv. Pellegrini 2750, S3000 Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Piso 9, C1425FQB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo J Gimeno
- Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, 60 y 118, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Piso 9, C1425FQB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Dey S, Ballav P, Mandal A, Samanta P, Patra A, Das S, Mondal AK, Ghosh AR. Blood Biochemical and Erythrocytic Morpho-pathological Consequences of Naphthalene Intoxication in Indian Teleost, Anabas testudineus (Bloch). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 80:103490. [PMID: 32911098 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anabas testudineus (Bloch) was exposed to 0.71 mg/L and 1.42 mg/L (25 and 50% of LC50 value respectively) naphthalene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), for 21 days. Blood biochemical parameters and erythrocytic morphological alterations were assessed to describe the naphthalene toxicity. Biochemical analysis showed a significant increase in glutamic pyruvic transaminase, GPT (576.7 ± 11.79 and 608.9 ± 12.08 U/L, respectively) and alkaline phosphatase, ALP (12.9 ± 0.69 and 13.4 ± 0.64 U/L, respectively) activities under two doses compared with control. Protein and albumin (ALB) content in blood decreased significantly, in comparison with control value in the tune of 22.67 ± 1.04 and 23.97 ± 1.24 g/dl, respectively and 10.7 ± 0.79 and 11.1 ± 0.67 g/dl, respectively. Erythrocytes showed varied symptomatic morphological changes under naphthalene exposure, which included severe denaturation, swelling in cells, appearance of sickle and tear drop cells, and cellular vacuolation. In particularly, the changes were more prominent under higher naphthalene exposure. Following the results, it has been able to establish that GPT, ALP, protein and ALB, and the morphological manifestations of erythrocytes would be good tools of biomarker in monitoring toxicological paradigm, especially to naphthalene exposure in aquatic bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhendu Dey
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Puspita Ballav
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Arghya Mandal
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Palas Samanta
- Department of Environmental Science, Sukanta Mahavidyalaya, University of North Bengal, Dhupguri, West Bengal, India.
| | - Atanu Patra
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Subhas Das
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Arnab Kumar Mondal
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Apurba Ratan Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
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Cholich LA, Pistán ME, Torres AM, Ortega HH, Gardner DR, Bustillo S. Cytotoxic activity induced by the alkaloid extract from Ipomoea carnea on primary murine mixed glial cultures. Toxicon 2020; 188:134-141. [PMID: 33091389 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The prolonged consumption of Ipomoea carnea produces neurologic symptoms in animals and a typical histological lesion, cytoplasmic vacuolization, especially in neurons. The toxic principles of I. carnea are the alkaloids swainsonine and calystegines B1, B2, B3 and C1. In this study, primary brain cultures from newborn mouse containing mixed glial cells were utilized. These cells were exposed to Ipomoea extracts containing between 0 and 250 μM swainsonine for 48 h. Morphological changes were investigated through Phase Contrast microscopy and Rosenfeld's staining. The extract induced cytoplasmic vacuolization in astrocytes and microglia in a dose dependent manner, being more evident when cultures were exposed to 250 μM of swainsonine. In addition, acridine orange staining evidenced an increase in the number of lysosomes in both microglia and astrocytes cells. Consistent with this, scanning electron microscopy also showed that both types of cells presented morphological characteristics of cell activation. Ultrastructurally, cells showed vacuoles filled with amorphous material and surrounded by a single membrane and also multilayer membranes. Taken together, these findings suggest that swainsonine along with calystegines, are probably responsible for the activation of glial cells due to a possible lysosomal dysfunction and therefore intracellular storage. Our results demonstrate that this in vitro glial cell model is a very good alternative to in vivo studies that require several weeks of animal intoxication to observe similar neurotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Andrea Cholich
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina; The National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - María Elena Pistán
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina; The National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Ana María Torres
- Natural Products Laboratory, IQUIBA-NEA CONICET, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Hugo Héctor Ortega
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences of Litoral (ICIVET), National University of Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; The National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Dale R Gardner
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Soledad Bustillo
- Biological and Molecular Investigations Group (GIBYM), IQUIBA-NEA CONICET, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina
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