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Pozza C, Tenuta M, Sesti F, Bertolotto M, Huang DY, Sidhu PS, Maggi M, Isidori AM, Lotti F. Multiparametric Ultrasound for Diagnosing Testicular Lesions: Everything You Need to Know in Daily Clinical Practice. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5332. [PMID: 38001591 PMCID: PMC10670367 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasonography (US) represents the gold standard imaging method for the assessment of testicular lesions (TL). The gray-scale (GSUS) and color-Doppler (CDUS) ultrasound examination allow sonographers to investigate the size, margins, echotexture, and vascular features of TLs with the aim to differentiate benign from malignant lesions. Recently, the use of contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) and sonoelastography (SE) has led to further improvements in the differential diagnosis of TL. Although GSUS and CDUS are often sufficient to suggest the benign or malignant nature of the TL, CEUS can be decisive in the differential diagnosis of unclear findings, while SE can help to strengthen the diagnosis. The contemporary combination of GSUS, CDUS, CEUS, and SE has led to a new diagnostic paradigm named multiparametric US (mp-US), which is able to provide a more detailed characterization of TLs than single techniques alone. This narrative and pictorial review aimed to describe the mp-US appearance of several TLs. METHODS An extensive Medline search was performed to identify studies in the English language focusing on the mp-US evaluation of TLs. RESULTS A practical mp-US "identity card" and iconographic characterization of several benign and malignant TLs is provided herein. CONCLUSIONS The mp-US characterization of TL reported herein can be useful in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Pozza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (M.T.); (F.S.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Marta Tenuta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (M.T.); (F.S.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Franz Sesti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (M.T.); (F.S.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Michele Bertolotto
- Department of Radiology, Ospedale Di Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Dean Y. Huang
- Department of Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (D.Y.H.); (P.S.S.)
| | - Paul S. Sidhu
- Department of Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (D.Y.H.); (P.S.S.)
| | - Mario Maggi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Andrea M. Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (M.T.); (F.S.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Francesco Lotti
- Andrology, Female Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
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Dunphy K, Bazou D, Henry M, Meleady P, Miettinen JJ, Heckman CA, Dowling P, O’Gorman P. Proteomic and Metabolomic Analysis of Bone Marrow and Plasma from Patients with Extramedullary Multiple Myeloma Identifies Distinct Protein and Metabolite Signatures. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3764. [PMID: 37568580 PMCID: PMC10417544 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable haematological malignancy of plasma cells in the bone marrow. In rare cases, an aggressive form of MM called extramedullary multiple myeloma (EMM) develops, where myeloma cells enter the bloodstream and colonise distal organs or soft tissues. This variant is associated with refractoriness to conventional therapies and a short overall survival. The molecular mechanisms associated with EMM are not yet fully understood. Here, we analysed the proteome of bone marrow mononuclear cells and blood plasma from eight patients (one serial sample) with EMM and eight patients without extramedullary spread. The patients with EMM had a significantly reduced overall survival with a median survival of 19 months. Label-free mass spectrometry revealed 225 proteins with a significant differential abundance between bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNCs) isolated from patients with MM and EMM. This plasma proteomics analysis identified 22 proteins with a significant differential abundance. Three proteins, namely vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF), and hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFA), were verified as the promising markers of EMM, with the combined protein panel showing excellent accuracy in distinguishing EMM patients from MM patients. Metabolomic analysis revealed a distinct metabolite signature in EMM patient plasma compared to MM patient plasma. The results provide much needed insight into the phenotypic profile of EMM and in identifying promising plasma-derived markers of EMM that may inform novel drug development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Dunphy
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, W23 F2K8 Kildare, Ireland;
| | - Despina Bazou
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 AX57 Dublin, Ireland; (D.B.); (P.O.)
| | - Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 NR58 Dublin, Ireland; (M.H.); (P.M.)
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 NR58 Dublin, Ireland; (M.H.); (P.M.)
| | - Juho J. Miettinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland-FIMM, HiLIFE–Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (J.J.M.); (C.A.H.)
| | - Caroline A. Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland-FIMM, HiLIFE–Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (J.J.M.); (C.A.H.)
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, W23 F2K8 Kildare, Ireland;
| | - Peter O’Gorman
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 AX57 Dublin, Ireland; (D.B.); (P.O.)
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Laabidi B, Khemir A, Mansouri N, Gargouri F, Msakni I. [Testicular tumor without other associated signs]. Ann Pathol 2021; 41:500-502. [PMID: 34243993 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Besma Laabidi
- Service d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques, hôpital Militaire Principal d'instruction de Tunis, Tunisie faculté de médecine de Tunis, université de Tunis El Manar, 1089 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Aya Khemir
- Service d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques, hôpital Militaire Principal d'instruction de Tunis, Tunisie faculté de médecine de Tunis, université de Tunis El Manar, 1089 Tunis, Tunisie.
| | - Nada Mansouri
- Service d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques, hôpital Militaire Principal d'instruction de Tunis, Tunisie faculté de médecine de Tunis, université de Tunis El Manar, 1089 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Faten Gargouri
- Service d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques, hôpital Militaire Principal d'instruction de Tunis, Tunisie faculté de médecine de Tunis, université de Tunis El Manar, 1089 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Issam Msakni
- Service d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques, hôpital Militaire Principal d'instruction de Tunis, Tunisie faculté de médecine de Tunis, université de Tunis El Manar, 1089 Tunis, Tunisie
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Khan UZ, Masroor M, Yang W, Riaz M, Liu H. Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma presenting as an adrenal tumor: case report and literature review. Gland Surg 2021; 10:1158-1164. [PMID: 33842260 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma, an extremely rare case which accounts for about 3% of all plasma cell neoplasms, often occurs in the head and neck region such as para nasal sinuses, nasal cavity and oral cavity, it also occurs in the lymph nodes, lungs, thyroid, intestine, liver, pancreas, testis, breast, or skin. Isolated primary plasmacytoma of adrenal is extremely rare and only nine documented cases have been reported in the literature. We are presenting the 10th case which is the youngest patient until now with symptoms of fever and hepatosplenomegaly. A 19-year-old female was admitted with an irregular fever for 20 days. After a series of investigations were carried out there were no CRAB symptoms (hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia and bone lesions), no free light chain and no more than 10% increase in plasma cell on bone marrow examination. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a tumor in the left adrenal region, and it was diagnosed to be a solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma on biopsy. She underwent the tumor resection one month after admission and recovered well after operation without fever and was discharged from hospital on the thirteenth post-operative day. She has been followed up for 5 years without any sign and symptom of tumor recurrence. Extramedullary plasmacytoma of adrenal gland in an extremely rare disease and usually diagnosed late in life but it can present in younger patients with variable symptoms. However, the surgical treatment yields excellent long-term results. So, complete surgical resection of the lesion is not only a good diagnostic measure, but also an intent-for-cure treatment for solitary adrenal extramedullary plasmacytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Zeb Khan
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Matiullah Masroor
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Hai Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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