Retroperitoneal extragonadal seminoma developed with acute lower inferior vena cava syndrome: A case report

Inferior vena cava-syndrome

Inferior vena cava syndrome (IVCS) is caused by agenesis, compression, invasion, or thrombosis of the IVC, or may be associated with Budd-Chiari syndrome. Its incidence and prevalence are unknown. Benign IVCS is separated from malignant IVCS. Both cover a wide clinical spectrum reaching from asymptomatic to highly symptomatic cases correlated to the underlying cause, the acuity, the extent of the venous obstruction, and the recruitment and development of venous collateral circuits. Imaging is necessary to determine the underlying cause of IVCS and to guide clinical decisions. Interventional therapy has changed the therapeutic approach in symptomatic patients. This article provides an overview over IVCS and focuses on interventional therapeutic methods and results.

Primary retroperitoneal germ cell tumor in an adult female: A case report

RATIONALE

Primary retroperitoneal germ cell tumors are uncommon and especially rare in female patients. However, this type should be included in the differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal tumors that may metastasize from the gonads and be a primary tumor.

PATIENT CONCERNS

An abdominal mass was detected in a 38-year-old woman during physical examination, which was accompanied by left renal obstructive hydrops. She was admitted to our institution for further investigation. The patient had no obvious clinical symptoms, and the levels of serum tumor markers did not signifificantly increase. Abdominal noncontrast enhanced and contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a retroperitoneal neoplasm that invaded the left ureter, thereby causing left hydronephrosis.

DIAGNOSES

Imaging examination characterized the tumor as malignant based on its invasion in the left ureter. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confifirmed the resected tumor as a dysgerminoma. The primary gonad-derived germ cell tumor was not found in the pelvis; therefore, the patient was fifinally diagnosed with primary retroperitoneal germ cell tumor.

INTERVENTIONS

Preoperative examination was completed, and the retroperitoneal mass was resected.

OUTCOMES

During the short-term follow-up, no tumor recurrence was detected.

LESSONS

Primary retroperitoneal seminoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of primary retroperitoneal tumors in female patients. The primary retroperitoneal seminoma/anaplastic tumor has an obvious occupying effect and can easily invade the surrounding structures. However, surgical resection of such tumors is an optional treatment strategy.