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Qiu X, Han X, Wang Y, Ding W, Sun Y, Lei H, Zhou Y, Lin F. Interaction effects between smoking and internet gaming disorder on resting-state functional connectivity of the ventral tegmental area and hippocampus. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1270014. [PMID: 37965221 PMCID: PMC10641398 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1270014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many reports have focused on cigarette smoking and internet gaming disorder (IGD), with widespread alterations of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in the reward and memory circuits, respectively. Epidemiological studies have also shown high comorbidity of cigarette smoking and IGD. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Therefore, this study investigates the comorbidity and interaction effects between smoking and IGD from the rsFC perspective. Methods Resting-state functional magnetic imaging data were collected from 60 healthy controls (HC), 46 smokers, 38 IGD individuals, and 34 IGD comorbid with smoking (IGDsm) participants. Voxel-wise rsFC maps were calculated for all subjects with the ventral tegmental area, rostral hippocampus, and caudal hippocampus as regions of interest, respectively. Results Significant interaction effects between smoking and IGD were mainly involved in the reward and memory circuits; that is, the rsFC between the ventral tegmental area and right nucleus accumbens, between the rostral hippocampus and bilateral nucleus accumbens, sensorimotor areas, and left middle temporal gyrus. Specifically, in these circuits, smokers showed decreased rsFC compared to the HC group, while IGDsm showed increased rsFC compared to smokers and IGD individuals. The IGDsm and HC groups showed no significant difference. The altered rsFC also correlated with clinical measures. Conclusion These findings indicate that lower rsFC in smokers or IGD individuals increases under the effect of another type of addiction, such as smoking and IGD, but only increases to the normal state, which might explain the comorbidity and interaction between smoking and IGD from the perspective of functional circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxin Qiu
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weina Ding
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawen Sun
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Lei
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuchun Lin
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Kleinhans NM, Sweigert J, Blake M, Douglass B, Doane B, Reitz F, Larimer M. FMRI activation to cannabis odor cues is altered in individuals at risk for a cannabis use disorder. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01764. [PMID: 32862560 PMCID: PMC7559640 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The smell of cannabis is a cue with universal relevance to cannabis users. However, most cue reactivity imaging studies have solely utilized visual images, auditory imagery scripts, or tactile cues in their experiments. This study introduces a multimodal cue reactivity paradigm that includes picture, odor, and bimodal picture + odor cues. METHODS Twenty-eight adults at risk for cannabis use disorder (CUD; defined as at least weekly use and Substance Involvement Score of ≥4 on the Cannabis sub-test of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test) and 26 cannabis-naive controls were exposed to cannabis and floral cues during event-related fMRI. Between-group differences in fMRI activation and correlations were tested using FMRIB's Local Analyses of Mixed Effects and corrected for multiple comparisons using a voxelwise threshold of z > 2.3 and a corrected cluster threshold of p < .05. RESULTS Both visual and olfactory modalities resulted in significant activation of craving and reward systems, with cannabis odor cues eliciting a significantly greater response in regions mediating anticipation and reward (nucleus accumbens, pallidum, putamen, and anterior insular cortex, supplementary motor area, angular gyrus and superior frontal gyrus) and cannabis picture cues eliciting a significantly greater response in the occipital cortex and amygdala. Furthermore, the CUD group showed significantly increased activation in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the insula, and the pallidum compared to controls. Within the CUD group, activation in the insula, anterior cingulate, and occipital cortex to bimodal cannabis cues was significantly correlated with self-reported craving. CONCLUSION Our multimodal cue reactivity paradigm is sensitive to neural adaptations associated with problematic cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia M Kleinhans
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Integrated Brain Imaging Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julia Sweigert
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Integrated Brain Imaging Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew Blake
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Integrated Brain Imaging Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Fredrick Reitz
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary Larimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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