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Shyr CR, Liu LC, Chien HS, Huang CP. Immunotherapeutic Agents for Intratumoral Immunotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1717. [PMID: 38006049 PMCID: PMC10674963 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy using systemic immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has revolutionized cancer treatment, but it only benefits a subset of patients. Systemic immunotherapies cause severe autoimmune toxicities and cytokine storms. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) plus the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) have been linked to the inefficacy of systemic immunotherapy. Intratumoral immunotherapy that increases immunotherapeutic agent bioavailability inside tumors could enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies and reduce systemic toxicities. In preclinical and clinical studies, intratumoral administration of immunostimulatory agents from small molecules to xenogeneic cells has demonstrated antitumor effects not only on the injected tumors but also against noninjected lesions. Herein, we review and discuss the results of these approaches in preclinical models and clinical trials to build the landscape of intratumoral immunotherapeutic agents and we describe how they stimulate the body's immune system to trigger antitumor immunity as well as the challenges in clinical practice. Systemic and intratumoral combination immunotherapy would make the best use of the body's immune system to treat cancers. Combining precision medicine and immunotherapy in cancer treatment would treat both the mutated targets in tumors and the weakened body's immune system simultaneously, exerting maximum effects of the medical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Rong Shyr
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan; (C.-R.S.); (H.-S.C.)
- eXCELL Biotherapeutics Inc., Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Lang-Chi Liu
- Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 404328, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Shan Chien
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan; (C.-R.S.); (H.-S.C.)
| | - Chi-Ping Huang
- Department of Medicine, Urology Division, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
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Ali A, Gao M, Iskantar A, Wang H, Karlsson-Parra A, Yu D, Jin C. Proinflammatory allogeneic dendritic cells enhance the therapeutic efficacy of systemic anti-4-1BB treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146413. [PMID: 37654492 PMCID: PMC10466132 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As an immune adjuvant, proinflammatory allogeneic dendritic cells (AlloDCs) have demonstrated promising immune-priming effects in several preclinical and clinical studies. The effector cells, including NK cells and T cells are widely acknowledged as pivotal factors in the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy due to their ability to selectively identify and eradicate malignant cells. 4-1BB, as a costimulatory receptor, plays a significant role in the stimulation of effector cell activation. This study evaluated the anti-tumor effects when combining intratumoral administration of the immune-adjuvant AlloDCs with systemic α4-1BB treatment directly acting on effector cells. In both the CT-26 murine colon carcinoma model and B16 murine melanoma model, AlloDCs demonstrated a significant enhancement in the therapeutic efficacy of α4-1BB antibody. This enhancement was observed through the delayed growth of tumors and prolonged survival. Analysis of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the combined-treatment group revealed an immune-inflamed TME characterized by increased infiltration of activated endogenous DCs and IFNγ+ CD8+ T cells, showing reduced signs of exhaustion. Furthermore, there was an augmented presence of tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8+ T cells (CD103+CD49a+CD69+). The combination treatment also led to increased infiltration of CD39+CD103+ tumor-specific CD8+ T cells and neoantigen-specific T cells into the tumor. Additionally, the combined treatment resulted in a less immunosuppressive TME, indicated by decreased infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and Tregs. These findings suggest that the combination of intratumoral AlloDCs administration with systemic agonistic α4-1BB treatment can generate a synergistic anti-tumor response, thereby warranting further investigation through clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Ali
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Menghan Gao
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexandros Iskantar
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hai Wang
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Di Yu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chuan Jin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Ghosn M, Tselikas L, Champiat S, Deschamps F, Bonnet B, Carre É, Testan M, Danlos FX, Farhane S, Susini S, Suzzoni S, Ammari S, Marabelle A, De Baere T. Intratumoral Immunotherapy: Is It Ready for Prime Time? Curr Oncol Rep 2023; 25:857-867. [PMID: 37129706 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01422-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review presents the rationale for intratumoral immunotherapy, technical considerations and safety. Clinical results from the latest trials are provided and discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Intratumoral immunotherapy is feasible and safe in a wide range of cancer histologies and locations, including lung and liver. Studies mainly focused on multi-metastatic patients, with some positive trials such as T-VEC in melanoma, but evidence of clinical benefit is still lacking. Recent results showed improved outcomes in patients with a low tumor burden. Intratumoral immunotherapy can lower systemic toxicities and boost local and systemic immune responses. Several studies have proven the feasibility, repeatability, and safety of this approach, with some promising results in clinical trials. The clinical benefit might be improved in patients with a low tumor burden. Future clinical trials should focus on adequate timing of treatment delivery during the course of the disease, particularly in the neoadjuvant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ghosn
- Radiologie Interventionnelle, Département d'Anesthésie Chirurgie Et Imagerie Interventionnelle (DACI), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94800, France
- Centre D'Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Lambros Tselikas
- Radiologie Interventionnelle, Département d'Anesthésie Chirurgie Et Imagerie Interventionnelle (DACI), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94800, France.
- Centre D'Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Villejuif, France.
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie (LRTI), INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France.
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Stéphane Champiat
- Centre D'Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Villejuif, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie (LRTI), INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
- Département D'Innovation Thérapeutique Et D'Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Frederic Deschamps
- Radiologie Interventionnelle, Département d'Anesthésie Chirurgie Et Imagerie Interventionnelle (DACI), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94800, France
| | - Baptiste Bonnet
- Radiologie Interventionnelle, Département d'Anesthésie Chirurgie Et Imagerie Interventionnelle (DACI), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94800, France
| | - Émilie Carre
- Centre D'Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Marine Testan
- Centre D'Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Villejuif, France
| | - François-Xavier Danlos
- Centre D'Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Villejuif, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie (LRTI), INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
- Département D'Innovation Thérapeutique Et D'Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Siham Farhane
- Centre D'Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Sandrine Susini
- Centre D'Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Villejuif, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie (LRTI), INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
| | - Steve Suzzoni
- Département Pharmacie, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Samy Ammari
- Department of Imaging, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
- Biomaps, UMR1281 INSERM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Aurélien Marabelle
- Centre D'Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Villejuif, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie (LRTI), INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Département D'Innovation Thérapeutique Et D'Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Thierry De Baere
- Radiologie Interventionnelle, Département d'Anesthésie Chirurgie Et Imagerie Interventionnelle (DACI), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94800, France
- Centre D'Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Wang D, Cui Q, Yang YJ, Liu AQ, Zhang G, Yu JC. Application of dendritic cells in tumor immunotherapy and progress in the mechanism of anti-tumor effect of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) modulating dendritic cells: a review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113541. [PMID: 36127221 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that are essential in mediating the body's natural and adaptive immune responses. The body can regulate the function of DCs in various ways to enhance their antitumor effects. In the tumour microenvironment (TME), antigen-specific T cell responses are initiated through DC processing and delivery of tumour-associated antigens (TAAs); conversely, tumour cells inhibit DC recruitment by releasing metabolites, cytokines and other regulatory TME and function. Different subpopulations of DCs exist in tumour tissues, and their functions vary. Insight into DC subgroups in TME allows assessment of the effectiveness of tumour immunotherapy. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) is the main component of the Chinese herb Astragalus membranaceus. The study found that the antitumor effects of APS are closely related to DCs. APS can promote the expression of surface molecules CD80 and CD86, promote the maturation of DCs, and activate CTL to exert antitumor effects. We reviewed the application of DCs in tumor immunotherapy and the mechanism of modulation of DCs by Astragalus polysaccharide to provide new directions and strategies for tumor therapy and new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300193, China; Graduate School of Tianjin University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Cui
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300193, China; Graduate School of Tianjin University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Jie Yang
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300193, China; Graduate School of Tianjin University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - A Qing Liu
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300193, China; Graduate School of Tianjin University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300193, China; Graduate School of Tianjin University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Chun Yu
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Tu Y, Yao Z, Yang W, Tao S, Li B, Wang Y, Su Z, Li S. Application of Nanoparticles in Tumour Targeted Drug Delivery and Vaccine. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.948705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide, and nearly 1 in 6 deaths each year is caused by cancer. Traditional cancer treatment strategies cannot completely solve cancer recurrence and metastasis. With the development of nanotechnology, the study of nanoparticles (NPs) has gradually become a hotspot of medical research. NPs have various advantages. NPs exploit the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) of tumour cells to achieve targeted drug delivery and can be retained in tumours long-term. NPs can be used as a powerful design platform for vaccines as well as immunization enhancers. Liposomes, as organic nanomaterials, are widely used in the preparation of nanodrugs and vaccines. Currently, most of the anticancer drugs that have been approved and entered clinical practice are prepared from lipid materials. However, the current clinical conversion rate of NPs is still extremely low, and the transition of NPs from the laboratory to clinical practice is still a substantial challenge. In this paper, we review the in vivo targeted delivery methods, material characteristics of NPs and the application of NPs in vaccine preparation. The application of nanoliposomes is also emphasized. Furthermore, the challenges and limitations of NPs are briefly discussed.
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