1
|
Yang C, Zhao Q, Xing Z, Zhang W, Zhang M, Tan H, Wang J, Wu G. Improving the Supercritical CO₂ Foaming of Polypropylene by the Addition of Fluoroelastomer as a Nucleation Agent. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E226. [PMID: 30960210 PMCID: PMC6419069 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a small amount of fluoroelastomer (FKM) was used as a nucleating agent to prepare well-defined microporous PP foam by supercritical CO₂. It was observed that solid FKM was present as the nanoscale independent phase in PP matrix and the FKM could induce a mass of CO₂ aggregation, which significantly enhanced the diffusion rate of CO₂ in PP. The resultant PP/FKM foams exhibited much smaller cell size (~24 μm), and more than 16 times cell density (3.2 × 10⁸ cells/cm³) as well as a much more uniform cell size distribution. PP/FKM foams possessed major concurrent enhancement in their tensile stress and compressive stress compared to neat PP foam. We believe that the added FKM played a key role in enhancing the heterogeneous nucleation, combined with the change of local strain in the multiple-phase system, which was responsible for the considerably improved cell morphology of PP foaming. This work provides a deep understanding of the scCO₂ foaming behavior of PP in the presence of FKM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Haike Road 100, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Quan Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Zhe Xing
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Maojiang Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Haike Road 100, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Hairong Tan
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Haike Road 100, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Jixiang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Haike Road 100, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lasich M, Ramjugernath D. Influence of fluorination on barrier properties of polymers: Insights from Monte Carlo simulations of eicosanes + methane. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2017; 40:12. [PMID: 28124765 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2017-11501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluorination is widely used to improve the resistance and physical properties of polymers that are cheap to manufacture. This process improves the resistance properties of unfluorinated materials. This study examines the effects of varying the degree of fluorination on the clustering and absorption behaviour of methane n-eicosane. Monte Carlo simulations were performed for several different pressure values, at ambient temperature, to determine the uptake of methane into the eicosanes. The density of the pure eicosanes, simulated at ambient conditions, compared favourably with experimental data for the relevant polymers. The spatial configurations resulting from the absorption simulations were analysed to determine the clustering behaviour of absorbed methane. Both the prevalence of cluster formation in general, and the occurrence of specific cluster topologies of various sizes were considered. Cyclic clusters had a tendency to become more prevalent in unfluorinated eicosanes as the gas pressure was increased, while the presence of fluorine atoms on the eicosane backbone appeared to inhibit the formation of such clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Lasich
- Thermodynamics Research Unit, School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4041, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Deresh Ramjugernath
- Thermodynamics Research Unit, School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4041, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lachet V, Teuler JM, Rousseau B. Classical force field for hydrofluorocarbon molecular simulations. Application to the study of gas solubility in poly(vinylidene fluoride). J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:140-51. [PMID: 25479370 DOI: 10.1021/jp506895p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A classical all-atoms force field for molecular simulations of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) has been developed. Lennard-Jones force centers plus point charges are used to represent dispersion-repulsion and electrostatic interactions. Parametrization of this force field has been performed iteratively using three target properties of pentafluorobutane: the quantum energy of an isolated molecule, the dielectric constant in the liquid phase, and the compressed liquid density. The accuracy and transferability of this new force field has been demonstrated through the simulation of different thermophysical properties of several fluorinated compounds, showing significant improvements compared to existing models. This new force field has been applied to study solubilities of several gases in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) above the melting temperature of this polymer. The solubility of CH4, CO2, H2S, H2, N2, O2, and H2O at infinite dilution has been computed using test particle insertions in the course of a NpT hybrid Monte Carlo simulation. For CH4, CO2, and their mixtures, some calculations beyond the Henry regime have also been performed using hybrid Monte Carlo simulations in the osmotic ensemble, allowing both swelling and solubility determination. An ideal mixing behavior is observed, with identical solubility coefficients in the mixtures and in pure gas systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Lachet
- IFP Energies nouvelles, 1-4 Avenue de Bois-Préau, 92852 Rueil-Malmaison, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Champeau M, Thomassin JM, Jérôme C, Tassaing T. In situ FTIR micro-spectroscopy to investigate polymeric fibers under supercritical carbon dioxide: CO2 sorption and swelling measurements. J Supercrit Fluids 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
5
|
Neela V, von Solms N. Permeability, diffusivity and solubility of carbon dioxide in fluoropolymers: an experimental and modeling study. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
6
|
Boyer SA, Gerland M, Castagnet S. Gas environment effect on cavitation damage in stretched polyvinylidene fluoride. POLYM ENG SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Séverine A.E. Boyer
- INSTITUT PPRIME-P' - ISAE-ENSMA; UPR 3346 - Laboratoire de Mécanique et Physique des Matériaux, Téléport 2, Avenue Clément Ader, 86961 Futuroscope Chasseneuil France
| | - Michel Gerland
- INSTITUT PPRIME-P' - ISAE-ENSMA; UPR 3346 - Laboratoire de Mécanique et Physique des Matériaux, Téléport 2, Avenue Clément Ader, 86961 Futuroscope Chasseneuil France
| | - Sylvie Castagnet
- INSTITUT PPRIME-P' - ISAE-ENSMA; UPR 3346 - Laboratoire de Mécanique et Physique des Matériaux, Téléport 2, Avenue Clément Ader, 86961 Futuroscope Chasseneuil France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang H, Yang L, Scott S, Pan Q, Rempel GL. Organic solvent‐free catalytic hydrogenation of diene‐based polymer nanoparticles in latex form. Part II. Kinetic analysis and mechanistic study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Stephen Scott
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Qinmin Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Garry L. Rempel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Knowledge of high-pressure phase equilibria is crucial in many fields, e.g., for the design and optimization of high-pressure chemical and separation processes, carbon capture and storage, hydrate formation, applications of ionic liquids, and geological processes. This review presents the variety of methods to measure phase equilibria at high pressures and, following a classification, discusses the measurement principles, advantages, challenges, and error sources. Examples of application areas are given. A detailed knowledge and understanding of the different methods is fundamental not only for choosing the most suitable method for a certain task but also for the evaluation of experimental data. The discrepancy between the (sometimes low) true accuracy of published experimental data and the (high) accuracy claimed by authors is addressed. Some essential requirements for the generation of valuable experimental results are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Dohrn
- Department of Property Data and Thermodynamics, Bayer Technology Services GmbH, Leverkusen, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Costa LI, Storti G, Morbidelli M, Ferro L, Galia A, Scialdone O, Filardo G. Copolymerization of VDF and HFP in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: A Robust Approach for Modeling Precipitation and Dispersion Kinetics. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
10
|
Xiao Z, Li Y, Liu J, Lu D, Yang S, Guan R. Microcellular structure of a thin polycarbonate sheet prepared by compression molding. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x09090077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
11
|
Boyer SAE, Yamada T, Yoshida H, Grolier JPE. Modification of molecular organization of polymers by gas sorption: Thermodynamic aspects and industrial applications. PURE APPL CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1351/pac-con-08-11-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In polymer science, gas–polymer interactions play a central role for the development of new polymeric structures for specific applications. This is typically the case for polymer foaming and for self-assembling of nanoscale structures where the nature of the gas and the thermodynamic conditions are essential to control. An important applied field where gas sorption in polymers has to be documented through intensive investigations concerns the (non)-controlled solubilization of light gases in the polymers serving, for example, in the oil industry for the transport of petroleum fluids. An experimental set-up coupling a vibrating-wire (VW) detector and a pVT technique has been used to simultaneously evaluate the amount of gas entering a polymer under controlled temperature and pressure and the concomitant swelling of the polymer. Scanning transitiometry has been used to determine the interaction energy during gas sorption in different polymers; the technique was also used to determine the thermophysical properties of polymers submitted to gas sorption. The role of the pressurizing fluid has been documented in terms of the influence of pressure, temperature, and nature of the fluid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Séverine A. E. Boyer
- 1Centre for Material Forming, CEMEF (CNRS UMR 7635), Mines ParisTech, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- 2Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Yoshida
- 3Graduate School of Environmental Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachiouji Tokyo 198-0397, Japan
| | - Jean-Pierre E. Grolier
- 4Laboratory of Thermodynamics of Solutions and Polymers, Blaise Pascal University, 63177 Aubière, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Boyer SAE, Klopffer MH, Martin J, Grolier JPE. Supercritical gas–polymer interactions with applications in the petroleum industry. Determination of thermophysical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
13
|
von Solms N, Michelsen ML, Kontogeorgis GM. Prediction and Correlation of High-Pressure Gas Solubility in Polymers with Simplified PC-SAFT. Ind Eng Chem Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ie049089y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas von Solms
- Centre for Phase Equilibria and Separation Processes (IVC-SEP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael L. Michelsen
- Centre for Phase Equilibria and Separation Processes (IVC-SEP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Georgios M. Kontogeorgis
- Centre for Phase Equilibria and Separation Processes (IVC-SEP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|