1
|
Liao Y, Li R, Shen C, Gong B, Yin F, Wang L. A Service Life Prediction Method of Stranded Carbon Fiber Composite Core Conductor for Overhead Transmission Lines. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204431. [PMID: 36298008 PMCID: PMC9610458 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of temperature on the service life of stranded carbon fiber composite core conductors was studied based on the kinetic theory of material pyrolysis. The thermal decomposition activation energy calculation for stranded carbon fiber composite cores was carried out by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The activation energy E of stranded carbon fiber composites was calculated according to the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, Kissinger, and Coast–Redfern methods, which were 168.76 kJ/mol, 166.79 kJ/mol, and 160.35 kJ/mol, respectively. The results from these different treatments were within 10% or less, and thus the thermochemical reactions of stranded carbon fiber composite cores were considered to be effective. The life prediction model of the carbon fiber composite core was developed based on the kinetic equation of thermal decomposition. The service life is related to the reaction mechanism function G(α) and the reaction rate parameter k(t). The reaction mechanism function G(α) = ((1 − α)−3.3 − 1)/3.3 and the reaction rate parameter k(t) = 2.14 × 1012exp(E/RT) were obtained by fitting the thermal weight loss data of stranded carbon fiber composite cores. Based on the 5% mass loss criterion for the end of life of stranded carbon fiber composites, the service life of the carbon fiber composite core is given at various operating temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Liao
- Electric Power Research Institute, China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Ruihai Li
- Electric Power Research Institute, China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Chuying Shen
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bo Gong
- Electric Power Research Institute, China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Fanghui Yin
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Due to the synergistic effect that occurs between CNTs and alumina, CNT/alumina hybrid-filled epoxy nanocomposites show significant enhancements in tensile properties, flexural properties, and thermal conductivity. This study is an extension of previously reported investigations into CNT/alumina epoxy nanocomposites. A series of epoxy composites with different CNT/alumina loadings were investigated with regard to their thermal-degradation kinetics and lifetime prediction. The thermal-degradation parameters were acquired via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in a nitrogen atmosphere. The degradation activation energy was determined using the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (F-W-O) method for the chosen apparent activation energy. The Ea showed significant differences at α > 0.6, which indicate the role played by the CNT/alumina hybrid filler loading in the degradation behavior. From the calculations, the lifetime prediction at 5% mass loss decreased with an increase in the temperature service of nitrogen. The increase in the CNT/alumina hybrid loading revealed its contribution towards thermal degradation and stability. On average, a higher Ea was attributed to greater loadings of the CNT/alumina hybrid in the composites.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ren P, Li Q, Liu H, Li Y, Peng P, Xue N. Thermal Decomposition Mechanism of GIS Basin Insulator and Kinetic Parameters-Based Lifetime Prediction Methodology. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040653. [PMID: 33671766 PMCID: PMC7926593 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To reliably detect the latent defects and accurately evaluate the remaining life of gas insulated switchgear (GIS) basin insulators, more effective detection and characterization methods need to be explored. The study of pyrolysis kinetic parameters based on the intrinsic characteristics of materials provides a new way to solve this problem. First, an integral expression model of the reaction mechanism function with four parameters is proposed in this paper, which can represent various existing reaction mechanism functions with better universality and more application fields. Then, on the basis of the temperature transformation equation, an improved method for calculating the activation energy is presented, which shows higher computational accuracy than the existing methods. Further, based on a non-isothermal kinetic equation, the structure of the experimental function is given. It is a method for solving the pyrolysis reaction mechanism function of insulating materials, which can also be used to calculate the pre-exponential factor simultaneously. The thermogravimetric analysis experiment is carried out on a certain basin insulator sample at different heating rates. The pyrolysis kinetic state parameters, including the activation energy, reaction mechanism function and pre-exponential factor of the basin insulator, are calculated. Finally, the life prediction method of basin insulators is established, and the key factors affecting the life of insulators are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Qingmin Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6-177-1413
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fraga F, Vázquez Barreiro EC, Jover A, Meijide F, Martínez Ageitos JM, Vázquez Tato J. Physico-Chemical Characterization of Two Epoxy Systems Using Porphyrins as Curing Agents. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090419010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
5
|
Kinetic study on the thermal degradation of ethylene–norbornene copolymers under the effect of Fe and Mn stearates. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-017-1256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
6
|
Chruściel JJ, Leśniak E. Modification of epoxy resins with functional silanes, polysiloxanes, silsesquioxanes, silica and silicates. Prog Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
7
|
Paturej J, Popova H, Milchev A, Vilgis TA. Thermal decomposition of a honeycomb-network sheet: a molecular dynamics simulation study. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:054901. [PMID: 22894380 DOI: 10.1063/1.4739536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal degradation of a graphene-like two-dimensional honeycomb membrane with bonds undergoing temperature-induced scission is studied by means of Molecular Dynamics simulation using Langevin thermostat. We demonstrate that at lower temperature the probability distribution of breaking bonds is highly peaked at the rim of the membrane sheet whereas at higher temperature bonds break at random everywhere in the hexagonal flake. The mean breakage time τ is found to decrease with the total number of network nodes N by a power law τ ∝ N(-0.5) and reveals an Arrhenian dependence on temperature T. Scission times are themselves exponentially distributed. The fragmentation kinetics of the average number of clusters can be described by first-order chemical reactions between network nodes n(i) of different coordination. The distribution of fragments sizes evolves with time elapsed from initially a δ-function through a bimodal one into a single-peaked again at late times. Our simulation results are complemented by a set of 1st-order kinetic differential equations for n(i) which can be solved exactly and compared to data derived from the computer experiment, providing deeper insight into the thermolysis mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Paturej
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 10 Ackermannweg, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Paturej J, Popova H, Milchev A, Vilgis TA. Force-induced breakdown of flexible polymerized membrane. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 85:021805. [PMID: 22463234 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.85.021805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We consider the fracture of a free-standing two-dimensional (2D) elastic-brittle network to be used as protective coating subject to constant tensile stress applied on its rim. Using a molecular-dynamics simulation with a Langevin thermostat, we investigate the scission and recombination of bonds, and the formation of cracks in the 2D graphenelike hexagonal sheet for different pulling force f and temperature T. We find that bond rupture occurs almost always at the sheet periphery, and the first mean breakage time <τ> of bonds decays with membrane size as <τ> ∝N(-β), where β≈0.50±0.03 and N denotes the number of atoms in the membrane. The probability distribution of bond scission times t is given by a Poisson function W(t)∝t(1/3)exp(-t/<τ>). The mean failure time <τ(r)> necessary to rip off the sheet declines with growing size N as a power law <τ(r)>∝N(-φ(f)). We also find <τ(r)>∝exp(ΔU(0)/k(B)T), where the nucleation barrier for crack formation ΔU(0)∝f(-2), in agreement with Griffith's theory. <τ(r)> displays an Arrhenian dependence of <τ(r)> on temperature T. Our results indicate a rapid increase in crack spreading velocity with growing external tension f.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Paturej
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 10 Ackermannweg, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Syntheses of silsesquioxane (POSS)-based inorganic/organic hybrid and the application in reinforcement for an epoxy resin. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 362:94-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
11
|
Chiu YC, Riang L, Chou IC, Ma CCM, Chiang CL, Yang CC. The POSS side chain epoxy nanocomposite: Synthesis and thermal properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
Montero B, RamÃrez C, Rico M, Barral L, DÃez J, López J. Effect of an epoxy octasilsesquioxane on the thermodegradation of an epoxy/amine system. POLYM INT 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
14
|
Ni C, Ni G, Zhang S, Liu X, Chen M, Liu L. The preparation of inorganic/organic hybrid nanomaterials containing silsesquioxane and its reinforcement for an epoxy resin network. Colloid Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-009-2160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
15
|
Dai Z, Li Y, Yang S, Zhao N, Zhang X, Xu J. Kinetics and thermal properties of epoxy resins based on bisphenol fluorene structure. Eur Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
16
|
Surface energies of linear and cross-linked polymers based on isobornyl methacrylate and methacryl-heptaisobutyl POSS. Eur Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
17
|
Mallakpour S, Taghavi M. Kinetics and Thermal Degradation Study of Optically Active and Thermally Stable Aromatic Polyamides with Flame-Retardancy Properties. Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.pj2008246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
18
|
|
19
|
Montero B, Ramírez C, Rico M, Torres A, Cano J, López J. Mechanism of Thermal Degradation of an Inorganic‐Organic Hybrid Based on an Epoxy‐POSS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200850713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
20
|
Chiu YC, Ma CCM, Liu FY, Chiang CL, Riang L, Yang JC. Effect of P/Si polymeric silsesquioxane and the monomer compound on thermal properties of epoxy nanocomposite. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
21
|
Zhang Z, Gu A, Liang G, Ren P, Xie J, Wang X. Thermo-oxygen degradation mechanisms of POSS/epoxy nanocomposites. Polym Degrad Stab 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
22
|
Dai Z, Li Y, Yang S, Zong C, Lu X, Xu J. Preparation, curing kinetics, and thermal properties of bisphenol fluorene epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
23
|
Pielichowski K, Njuguna J, Janowski B, Pielichowski J. Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS)-Containing Nanohybrid Polymers. SUPRAMOLECULAR POLYMERS POLYMERIC BETAINS OLIGOMERS 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/12_077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
24
|
Ramírez C, Rico M, López J, Montero B, Montes R. Study of an epoxy system cured with different diamines by differential scanning calorimetry. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|