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Adelnia H, Tran HDN, Little PJ, Blakey I, Ta HT. Poly(aspartic acid) in Biomedical Applications: From Polymerization, Modification, Properties, Degradation, and Biocompatibility to Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2083-2105. [PMID: 33797239 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Poly(aspartic acid) (PASP) is an anionic polypeptide that is a highly versatile, biocompatible, and biodegradable polymer that fulfils key requirements for use in a wide variety of biomedical applications. The derivatives of PASP can be readily tailored via the amine-reactive precursor, poly(succinimide) (PSI), which opens up a large window of opportunity for the design and development of novel biomaterials. PASP also has a strong affinity with calcium ions, resulting in complexation, which has been exploited for bone targeting and biomineralization. In addition, recent studies have further verified the biocompatibility and biodegradability of PASP-based polymers, which is attributed to their protein-like structure. In light of growing interest in PASP and its derivatives, this paper presents a comprehensive review on their synthesis, characterization, modification, biodegradation, biocompatibility, and applications in biomedical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Adelnia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4012, Australia
| | - Huong D N Tran
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4012, Australia.,Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland 4575, Australia
| | - Idriss Blakey
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Hang T Ta
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.,School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 411, Australia
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Yavvari PS, Awasthi AK, Sharma A, Bajaj A, Srivastava A. Emerging biomedical applications of polyaspartic acid-derived biodegradable polyelectrolytes and polyelectrolyte complexes. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:2102-2122. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02962h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A summary of positive biomedical attributes of biodegradable polyelectrolytes (PELs) prepared from aspartic acid is provided. The utility of these PELs in emerging applications such as biomineralization modulators, antimycobacterials, biocompatible cell encapsulants and tissue adhesives is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhu Srinivas Yavvari
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Bhauri
- Bhopal-462066
- India
| | - Anand Kumar Awasthi
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Bhauri
- Bhopal-462066
- India
| | - Aashish Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Bhauri
- Bhopal-462066
- India
| | - Avinash Bajaj
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology
- NCR Biotech Science Cluster
- Faridabad-121001
- India
| | - Aasheesh Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Bhauri
- Bhopal-462066
- India
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Cavallaro G, Sardo C, Craparo EF, Porsio B, Giammona G. Polymeric nanoparticles for siRNA delivery: Production and applications. Int J Pharm 2017; 525:313-333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Salakhieva D, Shevchenko V, Németh C, Gyarmati B, Szilágyi A, Abdullin T. Structure-biocompatibility and transfection activity relationships of cationic polyaspartamides with (dialkylamino)alkyl and alkyl or hydroxyalkyl side groups. Int J Pharm 2016; 517:234-246. [PMID: 27931785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A series of 14 cationic derivatives of poly(aspartic acid) i.e. cationic polyaspartamides with different (dialkylamino)alkyl and alkyl or hydroxyalkyl side groups was synthesized by nucleophilic addition on polysuccinimide. The resulting polyaspartamides have moderate amphiphilic properties. Relationships between the structure and ratio of side groups and in vitro properties of polyaspartamides, including their cytotoxic and membrane-damaging activity towards human cell lines, primary skin fibroblasts and erythrocytes, were established and discussed. Cationic polyaspartamides vary in their DNA-binding, condensing and nuclease-protecting characteristics depending on the concentration ratio of (dialkylamino)alkyl and alkyl or hydroxyalkyl side groups. Effective cell transfection was achieved upon polyaspartamide-mediated plasmid DNA delivery in serum-free medium in the presence of chloroquine. Effect of serum proteins adsorption onto polyaspartamide based polyplexes, and the role of concentration of polyplexes in culture medium in their colloidal stability and transfection process were demonstrated. Synthesized polyaspartamides are biocompatible and long-acting gene carriers, which are applied to cells after dilution and without washing, thus providing transfection level comparable to that of commercial transfection reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Salakhieva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Vesta Shevchenko
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Csaba Németh
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Benjámin Gyarmati
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Szilágyi
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Timur Abdullin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia.
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PHEA–PLA biocompatible nanoparticles by technique of solvent evaporation from multiple emulsions. Int J Pharm 2015; 495:719-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Sardo C, Nottelet B, Triolo D, Giammona G, Garric X, Lavigne JP, Cavallaro G, Coudane J. When functionalization of PLA surfaces meets Thiol-Yne photochemistry: case study with antibacterial polyaspartamide derivatives. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:4351-62. [PMID: 25322257 DOI: 10.1021/bm5013772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work we wish to report on the covalent functionalization of polylactide (PLA) surfaces by photoradical thiol-yne to yield antibacterial surfaces. At first, hydrophilic and hydrophobic thiol fluorescent probes are synthesized and used to study and optimize the conditions of ligation on alkyne-PLA surfaces. In a second part, a new antibacterial polyaspartamide copolymer is covalently grafted. The covalent surface modification and the density of surface functionalization are evaluated by SEC and XPS analyses. No degradation of PLA chains is observed, whereas covalent grafting is confirmed by the presence of S2p and N1s signals. Antiadherence and antibiofilm activities are assessed against four bacterial strains, including Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. A strong activity is observed with adherence reduction factors superior to 99.98% and biofilm formation decreased by 80%. Finally, in vitro cytocompatibility tests of the antibacterial surfaces are performed with L929 murine fibroblasts and show cell viability without promoting proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sardo
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (CNRS UMR 5247), Département des Biopolymères Artificiels, UFR Pharmacie - Université Montpellier I, Université Montpellier 2-15, Avenue Charles Flahaut, 34093 Montpellier, France
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Licciardi M, Pitarresi G, Cavallaro G, Giammona G. Nanoaggregates Based on New Poly-Hydroxyethyl-Aspartamide Copolymers for Oral Insulin Absorption. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1644-54. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300226d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Licciardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie
Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo,
via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pitarresi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie
Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo,
via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
- Institute
of Biophysics at Palermo,
Italian National Research Council, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo,
Italy
| | - Gennara Cavallaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie
Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo,
via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Giammona
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie
Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo,
via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
- IBF-CNR, via Ugo La Malfa, 153,
90143 Palermo, Italy
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Bertin A. Polyelectrolyte Complexes of DNA and Polycations as Gene Delivery Vectors. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2013_218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Lee SJ, Muthiah M, Lee HJ, Lee HJ, Moon MJ, Che HL, Heo SU, Lee HC, Jeong YY, Park IK. Synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanoparticle-embedded multi-functional polymeric micelles for MRI-guided gene delivery. Macromol Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-012-0023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Cavallaro G, Licciardi M, Scirè S, Giammona G. Microwave-assisted synthesis of PHEA–oligoamine copolymers as potential gene delivery systems. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2009; 4:291-303. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.09.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To prepare new copolymers, useful for gene delivery, based on α, β-poly-(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-D, L-aspartamide (PHEA) as a polymeric backbone and bearing an oligoamine such as diethylenetriamine in the side chain. Moreover, in order to reduce solvent volume and make the reaction faster, microwave-assisted heating was used. Materials & methods: PHEA copolymers bearing different amounts of diethylenetriamine were prepared using bis(4-nitrophenyl) carbonate as a condensing agent with the use of microwaves. Chemical, physico–chemical and biological characterization of PHEA–diethylenetriamine copolymers and their complexes obtained with DNA were performed. Results: Copolymers showed good DNA complexing and condensing abilities depending on the oligoamine derivatization degree and good hemocompatibility. Moreover, plasmid DNA/copolymer polyplexes showed very good cytocompatibility on B16F10 and N2A cell lines. Conclusion: Results support the use of these copolymers as gene delivery systems in the future. Finally, the use of microwaves makes the proposed synthetic method advantageous as time and solvents are saved.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cavallaro
- Dipartimento di Chimica & Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Licciardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica & Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Scirè
- Dipartimento di Chimica & Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Giammona
- Dipartimento di Chimica & Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
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Zhang M, Liu M, Xue YN, Huang SW, Zhuo RX. Polyaspartamide-Based Oligo-ethylenimine Brushes with High Buffer Capacity and Low Cytotoxicity for Highly Efficient Gene Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:440-6. [DOI: 10.1021/bc800214u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Wen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Xi Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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Cavallaro G, Scirè S, Licciardi M, Ogris M, Wagner E, Giammona G. Polyhydroxyethylaspartamide-spermine copolymers: Efficient vectors for gene delivery. J Control Release 2008; 131:54-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pitarresi G, Craparo EF, Palumbo FS, Carlisi B, Giammona G. Composite nanoparticles based on hyaluronic acid chemically cross-linked with alpha,beta-polyaspartylhydrazide. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:1890-8. [PMID: 17521164 DOI: 10.1021/bm070224a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, new composite nanoparticles based on hyaluronic acid (HA) chemically cross-linked with alpha,beta-polyaspartylhydrazide (PAHy) were prepared by the use of a reversed-phase microemulsion technique. HA-PAHy nanoparticles were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, confirming the occurrence of the chemical cross-linking, dimensional analysis, and transmission electron micrography, showing a sub-micrometer size and spherical shape. Zeta potential measurements demonstrated the presence of HA on the nanoparticle surface. A remarkable affinity of the obtained nanoparticles toward aqueous media that simulate some biological fluids was found. Stability studies showed the absence of chemical degradation in various media, while in the presence of hyaluronidase, a partial degradation occurred. Cell compatibility was evaluated by performing in vitro assays on human chronic myelogenous leukaemia cells (K-562) chosen as a model cell line and a haemolytic test. HA-PAHy nanoparticles were also able to entrap 5-fluorouracil, chosen as a model drug, and release it in a simulated physiological fluid and in human plasma with a mechanism essentially controlled by a Fickian diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pitarresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 32-90123 Palermo, Italy.
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Cavallaro G, Campisi M, Licciardi M, Ogris M, Giammona G. Reversibly stable thiopolyplexes for intracellular delivery of genes. J Control Release 2006; 115:322-34. [PMID: 17028038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2006] [Revised: 07/18/2006] [Accepted: 07/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Novel polyaspartamide non-viral carriers for gene therapy were synthesized by introducing, on the same polymer backbone, positively charged groups, for electrostatic interactions with DNA, and thiol groups for the formation of disulfide bridges between polymer chains. The introduction of thiols was aimed to have a vector with low redox potential sensitivity: disulfide crosslinking in fact, being stable in extracellular environment, allowed either to have stable complexes in plasma, that can protect DNA from metabolism, or to be reduced inside the cell, where the excess of glutathion in reduced form maintains a low redox potential. The consequent destabilization of the complex after disulfide cleavage can release DNA selectively inside the cells. Alpha,beta-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-D,L-aspartamide (PHEA) was used as starting polymer being a highly water-soluble synthetic polymer, already proposed with success as therapeutic carrier by our group. In this study, PHEA was firstly functionalised with ethylendiamine, obtaining a well defined copolymer with pendant primary amine groups (PHEA-EDA), to which N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (SPDP) and 3-(carboxypropyl)trimethyl-ammonium chloride (CPTA) were linked in two subsequent steps, allowing the introduction of thiol and cationic groups respectively. Finally DTT treatment lead to the final PHEA-EDA-SH-CPTA thiopolycation, named PESC. The present work describes the synthesis and characterization of the thiopolycation PESC. 1H NMR spectroscopy detected the derivatization molar degrees in SPDP and CPTA; the formation of DNA complexes (thiopolyplexes), their stability in the presence of polyanions and the ability to release DNA under reductive conditions were studied by agarose gel electrophoresis. DNase II degradation study was carried out to detect the ability of thiopolyplex to stabilize DNA towards enzymatic metabolism. Thiopolyplexes were then characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Zeta Potential analysis. Finally, in vitro toxicity profile (MTT) and gene transfer efficiency (Luciferase assay) were carried out to evaluate thiopolyplex biocompatibility, safety and efficacy to be used as gene delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennara Cavallaro
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo - Italy
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