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Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Post-consumer Poly (ethylene terephthalate) Blends: Bottle-to-Bottle recycling. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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2
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Kuzmanović M, Delva L, Cardon L, Ragaert K. Relationship between the Processing, Structure, and Properties of Microfibrillar Composites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003938. [PMID: 33191562 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between processing, morphology, and properties of polymeric materials has been the subject of numerous studies of academic and industrial research. Finding an answer to this question might result in guidelines on how to design polymeric materials. Microfibrillar composites (MFCs) are an interesting class of polymer-polymer composites. The advantage of the MFC concept lies in developing in situ microfibrils by which a perfect homogeneous distribution of the reinforcement in the matrix can be achieved. Their potentially excellent mechanical properties are strongly dependent on the aspect ratio of the fibrils, which is developed through a three-stage production process: melt blending, fibrillation, and isotropization. During melt blending, the polymers undergo different morphological changes, such as a breakup and coalescence of the droplets, which play a crucial role in defining the microstructure. During processing, various parameters may affect the morphology of the MFCs, which must be taken into account. Besides the processing parameters, the microstructure of the composite is dependent on the composition ratio of the blend and viscosity of the components, as well as the dispersion and distribution of the microfibrils. The objective here is to outline this importance and bring together an overview of the processing-structure-property relationship for MFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kuzmanović
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Belgium
| | - Laurens Delva
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Belgium
| | - Ludwig Cardon
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Belgium
| | - Kim Ragaert
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Belgium
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Lu Z, Zhao B, Yang M. Excellent toughness, crystal morphology and crystallization mechanism of transcrystallization of polypropylene induced by layered interface. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Lu
- College of Electronic Science; National University of Defense Technology; Changsha, 410073 China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Sichuan Run Yingda Electronic Technology Co., Ltd; Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Mingtao Yang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering; YiChun University; Yichun, 336000 China
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Yang L, Guo J, Zhang S, Gong Y. Preparation and characterization of novel super-artificial hair fiber based on biomass materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 99:166-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Xia XF, Zhang JH, Fan JM, Jiang QL, Xu SA. Effect of functionalization on non-isothermal crystallization behavior of polypropylene. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2016.1207128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Feng Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Ming Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian-Lu Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Ai Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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Shao H, Wu B, Yang J, Zhang K, Qin S. Effect of LiCl on the miscibility and crystallization behavior of a hydrophilic PP/PP-g-MAH/PA6 blend. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-015-0710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Zhu Y, Liang C, Bo Y, Xu S. Compatibilization of polypropylene/recycled polyethylene terephthalate blends with maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene in the presence of diallyl phthalate. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lu S, Lu YH, Sun J, Hu JS. Study on the structure, melting, and nonisothermal crystallization behaviors of isotactic polypropylene with nematic liquid crystalline polymer as a new β-nucleating agent. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x15010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Kinetic study on the isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization of monoglyceride organogels. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:149753. [PMID: 24701138 PMCID: PMC3948199 DOI: 10.1155/2014/149753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of monoglyceride (MAG) organogels were studied by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (pNMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The Avrami equation was used to describe the isothermal crystallization kinetics and experimental data fitted the equation fairly well. Results showed that the crystal growth of MAG organogels was a rod-like growth of instantaneous nuclei at higher degrees of supercooling and a plate-like form with high nucleation rate at lower degrees of supercooling. The exothermic peak in nonisothermal DSC curves for the MAG organogels became wider and shifted to lower temperature when the cooling rate increased, and nonisothermal crystallization was analyzed by Mo equation. Results indicated that at the same crystallization time, to get a higher degree of relative crystallinity, a higher cooling rate was necessary. The activation energy of nonisothermal crystallization was calculated as 739.59 kJ/mol according to the Kissinger method. Therefore, as the results of the isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics for the MAG organogels obtained, the crystallization rate, crystal nucleation, and growth during the crystallization process could be preliminarily monitored through temperature and cooling rate regulation, which laid the foundation for the real industrial manufacture and application of the MAG organogels.
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Duan J, Dou Q. Investigation on β-polypropylene/PP-g-MAH/surface treated talc composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Liu G, Lei J, Wang F. Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of AB2hyperbranched polymer-filled polypropylene. POLYM ENG SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangtian Liu
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry; Yanshan University; Qinhuangdao 066004 People's Republic of China
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Institute of Environmental and Chemistry Engineering; Yanshan University; Qinhuangdao 066004 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lei
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry; Yanshan University; Qinhuangdao 066004 People's Republic of China
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Institute of Environmental and Chemistry Engineering; Yanshan University; Qinhuangdao 066004 People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyan Wang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry; Yanshan University; Qinhuangdao 066004 People's Republic of China
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Institute of Environmental and Chemistry Engineering; Yanshan University; Qinhuangdao 066004 People's Republic of China
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Zhang Z, Wang C, Du Y, Zhang J, Mai K. Preparation and investigation of the β-nucleated polypropylene/polystyrene blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wang K, Li S, Tang P, Cao F. Effect of Organoclay Platelets on Crystallization of Polytrimethylene Terephthalate/Polyethylene-octene-g-maleic Anhydride Blends: Isothermal Crystallization. J MACROMOL SCI B 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2012.672857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunyan Wang
- a School of Life Science, Huzhou Teachers College , Huzhou , P. R. China
| | - Shugang Li
- b School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Peisong Tang
- a School of Life Science, Huzhou Teachers College , Huzhou , P. R. China
| | - Feng Cao
- a School of Life Science, Huzhou Teachers College , Huzhou , P. R. China
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Lin T, Zhu L, Chen T, Guo B. Optimization of mechanical performance of compatibilized polypropylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends via selective dispersion of halloysite nanotubes in the blend. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Zhang R, Li RKY. Effect of syndiotactic polystyrene on the crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene/syndiotactic polystyrene blends with and withoutβ-nucleating agent. POLYM INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Zhang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue; Kowloon; Hong Kong
| | - Robert Kwok Yiu Li
- Department of Physics and Materials Science; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue; Kowloon; Hong Kong
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Effect of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer (ABS) on β-nucleation in β-nucleated polypropylene/ABS blends. Polym Bull (Berl) 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-012-0804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Jancar J, Kalfus J, Balkova R. On the differences in micro-deformation mechanism between isotactic polypropylene and β-nucleated isotactic polypropylene as revealed by the confocal laser scanning microscopy. POLYM ENG SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.22024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Yang Z, Mai K. Nonisothermal crystallization and melting behavior of β-nucleated isotactic polypropylene and polyamide 66 blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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19
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Xu L, Zhang X, Xu K, Lin S, Chen M. Variation of non-isothermal crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene with varying β-nucleating agent content. POLYM INT 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Qin J, Chen X, Yu J, Wang Y, Tian Y, Wu S. Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of isotactic polypropylene containing nucleating agent and dispersant. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Yang Z, Chen C, Liang D, Zhang Z, Mai K. Melting characteristic and β-crystal content of β-nucleated polypropylene/polyamide 6 alloys prepared using different compounding methods. POLYM INT 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Yang Z, Zhang Z, Tao Y, Mai K. Preparation, crystallization behavior, and melting characteristics of β-nucleated isotactic polypropylene blends with polyamide 6. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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