1
|
Vapor Phase Modification for Selective Enrichment of Grafted Styrene/Acrylonitrile onto Carbon Nanotubes Via ATRP. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric acid vapor phase oxidation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was proposed as a promising technique to fabricate poly styrene-co-acrylonitrile (SAN)-grafted-CNTs via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The in-situ ATRP grafting approach was successfully employed to graft polystyrene (PS), SAN and polyacrylonitrile (PAN), onto the convex surfaces of pristine MWCNTs (PCNT) and acid-functionalized MWCNTs (FCNT). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed the effectiveness of the modification via the ATRP grafting approach. The molar composition of acrylonitrile in the synthesized copolymer on the surface of CNTs for an FCNTs was calculated to be about 80% and 67.5% by 1H-NMR and TGA respectively, whereas the value is lower for PCNTs. Morphological studies showed that SAN-grafted FCNTs exhibit rougher surface morphology compared to the SAN-grafted PCNTs. Moreover, the higher diameter of the FCNTs indicated the higher polymer content, which was coated onto CNTs functionalized by vapor-phase oxidation. Therefore, the vapor phase oxidation strategy employed in this study could be utilized as a general method to prepare CNTs which can serve as an ATRP macroinitiator for the fabrication of various polymer grafted CNTs.
Collapse
|
2
|
Di HW, Zhang XY, Cao JP, Lei TT, Yang ZL, Yang JJ. Synthesis, characterization and vapor sensing properties of a novel P(St–co–AN)/MWCNTs–VTES nanocomposite thin film as a gas sensor. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
3
|
Muzata TS, P L J, Kar GP, Bose S. Phase miscibility and dynamic heterogeneity in PMMA/SAN blends through solvent free reactive grafting of SAN on graphene oxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19470-19485. [PMID: 29998240 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02716a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of nanoparticles in a particular host polymer matrix can be improved by using brush coated nanoparticles. In this work we have grafted styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) onto the surface of graphene oxide (GO) and investigated as to how the demixing temperature, morphology and volume cooperativity of PMMA/SAN blends are influenced. Grafting of polymer chains on the surface of nanoparticles usually involves the use of large amounts of solvents, many which are detrimental to the environment besides involving cumbersome processes. SAN-g-GO was prepared by a robust solvent-free strategy wherein the cyano group in SAN was replaced by oxazoline groups during melt mixing in the presence of zinc acetate and ethanol amine. These newly created oxazoline groups reacted with the COOH group of GO under melt extrusion resulting in grafting of SAN on the surface of GO sheets. The effect of SAN-g-GO nanoparticles on the demixing, local segmental motions and morphology evolution for different annealing times was carefully investigated in a classical LCST system, PMMA/SAN blend, using melt rheology, modulated DSC and AFM, respectively. The changes in viscoelastic behavior in the vicinity of demixing are investigated systematically for the control, and blends with GO and SAN-g-GO. Various models were used to gain insight into the spinodal decomposition temperatures of the blends. Interestingly, the demixing temperature determined rheologically and the spinodal decomposition temperature increased significantly in the presence of polymer grafted nanoparticles in comparison to the control and blends with GO. The evolution of the morphology, interfacial driven coarsening as a function of temperature and the localization of nanoparticles were assessed using atomic force microscopy. The cooperatively re-arranging regions estimated from calorimetric measurements begin to suggest enhanced dynamic heterogeneity in the presence of GO and SAN-g-GO in the blends. Taken together, our study reveals that the solvent-free approach of grafting SAN onto GO delays demixing, suppresses coalescence and alters cooperative relaxation in PMMA/SAN blends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanyaradzwa S Muzata
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Evora MC, Lu X, Hiremath N, Kang NG, Hong K, Uribe R, Bhat G, Mays J. Single-step process to improve the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube yarn. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:545-554. [PMID: 29527431 PMCID: PMC5827762 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns exhibit low tensile strength compared to conventional high-performance carbon fibers due to the facile sliding of CNTs past one another. Electron beam (e-beam) irradiation was employed for in a single-step surface modification of CNTs to improve the mechanical properties of this material. To this end, CNT yarns were simultaneously functionalized and crosslinked using acrylic acid (AA) and acrylonitrile (AN) in an e-beam irradiation process. The chemical modification of CNT yarns was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The best improvement in mechanical properties was achieved on a sample treated with an aqueous solution of AA and subsequent irradiation. CNT yarn treatment with AA enhanced the strength (444.5 ± 68.4 MPa) by more than 75% and the modulus (21.5 ± 0.6 GPa) by more than 144% as compared to untreated CNT yarn (strength 251 ± 26.5 MPa and modulus 8.8 ± 1.2 GPa).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecilia Evora
- Institute for Advanced Studies- IEAV/DCTA, São Jose dos Campos, SP 12228, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Xinyi Lu
- Department of Chemistry- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Nitilaksha Hiremath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Nam-Goo Kang
- Department of Chemistry- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Kunlun Hong
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Roberto Uribe
- College of Applied Engineering, Sustainability and Technology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
| | - Gajanan Bhat
- Fibers and textiles Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jimmy Mays
- Department of Chemistry- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Teng F, Chen H, Xu Y, Liu Y, Ou G. Polydopamine deposition with anodic oxidation for better connective tissue attachment to transmucosal implants. J Periodontal Res 2017; 53:222-231. [PMID: 29063626 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Nowadays, most designs for the transmucosal surface of implants are machined-smooth. However, connective tissue adhered to the smooth surface of an implant has poor mechanical resistance, which can render separation of tissue from the implant interface and induce epithelial downgrowth. Modification of the transmucosal surface of implants, which can help form a good seal of connective tissue, is therefore desired. We hypothesized that anodic oxidation (AO) and polydopamine (PD) deposition could be used to enhance the attachment between an implant and peri-implant connective tissue. We tested this hypothesis in the mandibles of Beagle dogs. MATERIAL AND METHODS AO and PD were used to modify the transmucosal region of transmucosal implants (implant neck). The surface microstructure, surface roughness and elemental composition were investigated in vitro. L929 mouse fibroblasts were cultured to test the effect of PD on cell adhesion. Six Beagle dogs were used for the in vivo experiment (n = 6 dogs per group). Three months after building the edentulous animal model, four groups of implants (control, AO, PD and AO + PD) were inserted. After 4 months of healing, samples were harvested for histometric analyses. RESULTS The surfaces of anodized implant necks were overlaid with densely distributed pores, 2-7 μm in size. On the PD-modified surfaces, N1s, the chemical bond of nitrogen in PD, was detected using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. L929 developed pseudopods more quickly on the PD-modified surfaces than on the surfaces of the control group. The in vivo experiment showed a longer connective tissue seal and a more coronally located peri-implant soft-tissue attachment in the AO + PD group than in the control group (P < .05). CONCLUSION The modification of AO + PD on the implant neck yielded better attachment between the implant and peri-implant connective tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Teng
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Implantology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Chen
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Implantology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G Ou
- Department of Implantology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kar GP, Bose S. Nucleation barrier, growth kinetics in ternary polymer blend filled with preferentially distributed carbon nanotubes. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
7
|
Dynamic mechanical analysis of carbon nanotube-reinforced nanocomposites. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2017; 15:e13-e18. [PMID: 28525676 PMCID: PMC6379776 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To predict the mechanical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube
(MWCNT)–reinforced polymers, it is necessary to understand the role of the
nanotube-polymer interface with regard to load transfer and the formation of
the interphase region. The main objective of this study was to explore and
attempt to clarify the reinforcement mechanisms of MWCNTs in epoxy
matrix. Methods Nanocomposites were fabricated by adding different amounts of MWCNTs to epoxy
resin. Tensile test and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were conducted to
investigate the effect of MWCNT contents on the mechanical properties and
thermal stability of nanocomposites. Results Compared with the neat epoxy, nanocomposite reinforced with 1 wt% of MWCNTs
exhibited an increase of 152% and 54% in Young's modulus and tensile
strength, respectively. Conclusions Dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrates that both the storage modulus and
glass transition temperature tend to increase with the addition of MWCNTs.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations reveal that uniform
dispersion and strong interfacial adhesion between the MWCNTs and epoxy are
achieved, resulting in the improvement of mechanical properties and thermal
stability as compared with neat epoxy.
Collapse
|
8
|
Salam MA, Burk R. Synthesis and characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified with octadecylamine and polyethylene glycol. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
9
|
Hadavifar M, Bahramifar N, Younesi H, Rastakhiz M, Li Q, Yu J, Eftekhari E. Removal of mercury(II) and cadmium(II) ions from synthetic wastewater by a newly synthesized amino and thiolated multi-walled carbon nanotubes. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
10
|
Rebelo SLH, Guedes A, Szefczyk ME, Pereira AM, Araújo JP, Freire C. Progress in the Raman spectra analysis of covalently functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes: unraveling disorder in graphitic materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:12784-96. [PMID: 27104221 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06519d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is highly sensitive to the morphology and electronic structures of graphitic materials, but a convenient interpretation model has been lacking for multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), in particular for the discrimination of spectral changes induced by covalent functionalization. The present work describes a systematic investigation of the Raman analysis of covalently functionalized MWCNTs by diazonium chemistry and oxidation methodologies, with typically different mechanisms and reaction sites. A multi-peak deconvolution system and spectral band assignment were proposed based on the chemical and structural modifications identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction, specific surface areas and the comparative analysis of the first and second order regions of the Raman spectra. Diazonium functionalization takes place mainly in the π-system of the external sidewall, while oxidation occurs on defects and leads to structure burning. This allowed us to distinguish between spectral features related to aromaticity disruptions within the sidewalls and spectral features related to changes within the inner tubes. The model was validated extending the studies to the functionalization of MWCNTs by the Bingel reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana L H Rebelo
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Baghayeri M, Nazarzadeh Zare E, Hasanzadeh R. Facile synthesis of PSMA-g-3ABA/MWCNTs nanocomposite as a substrate for hemoglobin immobilization: Application to catalysis of H2O2. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 39:213-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
Sjöström T, McNamara LE, Yang L, Dalby MJ, Su B. Novel anodization technique using a block copolymer template for nanopatterning of titanium implant surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:6354-61. [PMID: 23138392 DOI: 10.1021/am301987e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Precise surface nanopatterning is a promising route for predictable control of cellular behavior on biomedical materials. There is currently a gap in taking such precision engineered surfaces from the laboratory to clinically relevant implant materials such as titanium (Ti). In this work, anodization of Ti surfaces was performed in combination with block copolymer templates to create highly ordered and tunable oxide nanopatterns. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed that the composition of the anodized structures was mainly titania with small amounts of nitrogen left from the block copolymer. It was further demonstrated that these nanopatterns can be superimposed on more complex shaped Ti surfaces such as microbeads, using the same technique. Human mesenchymal stem cells were cultured on Ti microbead surfaces, with and without nanopatterns, in vitro to study the effect of nanotopography on Ti surfaces. The results presented in this work demonstrate a promising method of producing highly defined and well-arranged surface nanopatterns on Ti implant surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terje Sjöström
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li C, Deng H, Wang K, Zhang Q, Chen F, Fu Q. Strengthening and toughening of thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer using polypropylene-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
15
|
Morphology and electrical properties of polymethylmethacrylate/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
16
|
Choi WS, Ryu SH. Improvement of interfacial interaction via ATRP in polycarbonate/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
17
|
Zhao G, Zhan X, Dou W. A disposable immunosensor for Shigella flexneri based on multiwalled carbon nanotube/sodium alginate composite electrode. Anal Biochem 2011; 408:53-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Revised: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
18
|
Ma J, Cheng X, Ma X, Deng S, Hu A. Functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with polyesters via bergman cyclization and “grafting from” strategy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|