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Zavorotnaya UM, Ponomarev II, Volkova YA, Sinitsyn VV. Development of High-Performance Hydrogen-Air Fuel Cell with Flourine-Free Sulfonated Co-Polynaphthoyleneimide Membrane. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050485. [PMID: 37233546 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents research on the technological development of hydrogen-air fuel cells with high output power characteristics using fluorine-free co-polynaphtoyleneimide (co-PNIS) membranes. It is found that the optimal operating temperature of a fuel cell based on a co-PNIS membrane with the hydrophilic/hydrophobic blocks = 70/30 composition is in the range of 60-65 °C. The maximum output power of a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA), created according to the developed technology, is 535 mW/cm2, and the working power (at the cell voltage of 0.6 V) is 415 mW/cm2. A comparison with similar characteristics of MEAs based on a commercial Nafion 212 membrane shows that the values of operating performance are almost the same, and the maximum MEA output power of a fluorine-free membrane is only ~20% lower. It was concluded that the developed technology allows one to create competitive fuel cells based on a fluorine-free, cost-effective co-polynaphthoyleneimide membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulyana M Zavorotnaya
- A.M. Prokhorov Institute of General Physics RAS, Scientific Center of Materials and Technologies, Vavilova St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Physics Faculty, National Research University High School of Economics, Myasnitskaya 20, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor I Ponomarev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Vavilova St. 28, GSP-1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia A Volkova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Vavilova St. 28, GSP-1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly V Sinitsyn
- Physics Faculty, National Research University High School of Economics, Myasnitskaya 20, 101000 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Solid State Physics RAS, 2 Academician Ossipyan Str., 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
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Ogawa T, Ohashi H, Anilkumar GM, Tamaki T, Yamaguchi T. Suitable acid groups and density in electrolytes to facilitate proton conduction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:23778-23786. [PMID: 34643626 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00718a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Proton conducting materials suffer from low proton conductivity under low-relative humidity (RH) conditions. Previously, it was reported that acid-acid interactions, where acids interact with each other at close distances, can facilitate proton conduction without water movement and are promising for overcoming this drawback [T. Ogawa, H. Ohashi, T. Tamaki and T. Yamaguchi, Chem. Phys. Lett., 2019, 731, 136627]. However, acid groups have not been compared to find a suitable acid group and density for the interaction, which is important to experimentally synthesize the material. Here, we performed ab initio calculations to identify acid groups and acid densities as a polymer design that effectively causes acid-acid interactions. The evaluation method employed parameters based on several different optimized coordination interactions of acids and water molecules. The results show that the order of the abilities of polymer electrolytes to readily induce acid-acid interactions is hydrocarbon-based phosphonated polymers > phosphonated aromatic hydrocarbon polymers > perfluorosulfonic acid polymers ≈ perfluorophosphonic acid polymers > sulfonated aromatic hydrocarbon polymers. The acid-acid interaction becomes stronger as the distance between acids decreases. The preferable distance between phosphonate moieties is within 13 Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Ogawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Ohashi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Gopinathan M Anilkumar
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan. .,Research & Development Center, Noritake, Co., Ltd., 300 Higashiyama, Miyoshi cho, Miyoshi, Aichi 470-0293, Japan
| | - Takanori Tamaki
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan. .,Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takeo Yamaguchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan. .,Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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3
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Modelling Methods and Validation Techniques for CFD Simulations of PEM Fuel Cells. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The large-scale adoption of fuel cells system for sustainable power generation will require the combined use of both multidimensional models and of dedicated testing techniques, in order to evolve the current technology beyond its present status. This requires an unprecedented understanding of concurrent and interacting fluid dynamics, material and electrochemical processes. In this review article, Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are analysed. In the first part, the most common approaches for multi-phase/multi-physics modelling are presented in their governing equations, inherent limitations and accurate materials characterisation for diffusion layers, membrane and catalyst layers. This provides a thorough overview of key aspects to be included in multidimensional CFD models. In the second part, advanced diagnostic techniques are surveyed, indicating testing practices to accurately characterise the cell operation. These can be used to validate models, complementing the conventional observation of the current–voltage curve with key operating parameters, thus defining a joint modelling/testing environment. The two sections complement each other in portraying a unified framework of interrelated physical/chemical processes, laying the foundation of a robust and complete understanding of PEMFC. This is needed to advance the current technology and to consciously use the ever-growing availability of computational resources in the next future.
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Cao L, Wu H, Cao Y, Fan C, Zhao R, He X, Yang P, Shi B, You X, Jiang Z. Weakly Humidity-Dependent Proton-Conducting COF Membranes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2005565. [PMID: 33179394 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
State-of-the-art proton exchange membranes (PEMs) often suffer from significantly reduced conductivity under low relative humidity, hampering their efficient application in fuel cells. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with pre-designable and well-defined structures hold promise to cope with the above challenge. However, fabricating defect-free, robust COF membranes proves an extremely difficult task due to the poor processability of COF materials. Herein, a bottom-up approach is developed to synthesize intrinsic proton-conducting COF (IPC-COF) nanosheets (NUS-9) in aqueous solutions via diffusion and solvent co-mediated modulation, enabling a controlled nucleation and in-plane-dominated IPC-COF growth. These nanosheets allow the facile fabrication of IPC-COF membranes. IPC-COF membranes with crystalline, rigid ion nanochannels exhibit a weakly humidity-dependent conductivity over a wide range of humidity (30-98%), 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that of benchmark PEMs, and a prominent fuel cell performance of 0.93 W cm-2 at 35% RH and 80 °C arising from superior water retention and Grotthuss mechanism-dominated proton conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300 072, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300 072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300 072, China
| | - Chunyang Fan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300 072, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300 072, China
| | - Xueyi He
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300 072, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300 072, China
| | - Benbing Shi
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300 072, China
| | - Xinda You
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300 072, China
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300 072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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Hammer R, Schönhoff M, Hansen MR. Comprehensive Picture of Water Dynamics in Nafion Membranes at Different Levels of Hydration. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8313-8324. [PMID: 31508959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1H NMR spectroscopy is employed to study the long-range (diffusion) and short-range (relaxation) motions of water in the hydrophilic channels of Nafion at different stages of hydration, λwater. From Bloembergen, Purcell, and Pound analysis of the temperature-dependent 1H spin-lattice relaxation rates, the coexistence of two motional modes for λwater < 9 was observed, which can be attributed to the nonfreezing behavior of water molecules. At higher hydration levels, a clear transition between two different motional modes was detected associated with the freezing of bulk water. The hydration-level-dependent diffusion 1H NMR studies showed a steep increase in diffusion coefficients at 6 ≤ λwater ≤ 9 followed by a linear increase with the increasing hydration level (λwater ≥ 12). Taken together the correlation of long- and short-range motion studies allowed us to establish a comprehensive picture of the hydration shell formation for the sulfonic acid groups in Nafion dependent on λwater that can be divided into three characteristic regions. These include the formation of the first hydration shell at λwater ≈ 3 (region I), the second hydration shell at λwater ≈ 8 (region II), and finally (iii) the presence of bulk water above λwater ≥ 10 (region III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Hammer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Corrensstr. 28/30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Monika Schönhoff
- Institute for Physical Chemistry , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Corrensstr. 28/30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute for Physical Chemistry , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Corrensstr. 28/30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
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6
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Sorte EG, Paren BA, Rodriguez CG, Fujimoto C, Poirier C, Abbott LJ, Lynd NA, Winey KI, Frischknecht AL, Alam TM. Impact of Hydration and Sulfonation on the Morphology and Ionic Conductivity of Sulfonated Poly(phenylene) Proton Exchange Membranes. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin A. Paren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christina G. Rodriguez
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | | | | | | | - Nathaniel A. Lynd
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Vishnyakov A, Mao R, Lee MT, Neimark AV. Coarse-grained model of nanoscale segregation, water diffusion, and proton transport in Nafion membranes. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:024108. [PMID: 29331134 DOI: 10.1063/1.4997401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a coarse-grained model of the acid form of Nafion membrane that explicitly includes proton transport. This model is based on a soft-core bead representation of the polymer implemented into the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation framework. The proton is introduced as a separate charged bead that forms dissociable Morse bonds with water beads. Morse bond formation and breakup artificially mimics the Grotthuss hopping mechanism of proton transport. The proposed DPD model is parameterized to account for the specifics of the conformations and flexibility of the Nafion backbone and sidechains; it treats electrostatic interactions in the smeared charge approximation. The simulation results qualitatively, and in many respects quantitatively, predict the specifics of nanoscale segregation in the hydrated Nafion membrane into hydrophobic and hydrophilic subphases, water diffusion, and proton mobility. As the hydration level increases, the hydrophilic subphase exhibits a percolation transition from a collection of isolated water clusters to a 3D network of pores filled with water embedded in the hydrophobic matrix. The segregated morphology is characterized in terms of the pore size distribution with the average size growing with hydration from ∼1 to ∼4 nm. Comparison of the predicted water diffusivity with the experimental data taken from different sources shows good agreement at high and moderate hydration and substantial deviation at low hydration, around and below the percolation threshold. This discrepancy is attributed to the dynamic percolation effects of formation and rupture of merging bridges between the water clusters, which become progressively important at low hydration, when the coarse-grained model is unable to mimic the fine structure of water network that includes singe molecule bridges. Selected simulations of water diffusion are performed for the alkali metal substituted membrane which demonstrate the effects of the counter-ions on membrane self-assembly and transport. The hydration dependence of the proton diffusivity reproduces semi-qualitatively the trend of the diverse experimental data, showing a sharp decrease around the percolation threshold. Overall, the proposed model opens up an opportunity to study self-assembly and water and proton transport in polyelectrolytes using computationally efficient DPD simulations, and, with further refinement, it may become a practical tool for theory informed design and optimization of perm-selective and ion-conducting membranes with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Vishnyakov
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8058, USA
| | - Runfang Mao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8058, USA
| | - Ming-Tsung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8058, USA
| | - Alexander V Neimark
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8058, USA
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8
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Mabuchi T, Tokumasu T. Relationship between Proton Transport and Morphology of Perfluorosulfonic Acid Membranes: A Reactive Molecular Dynamics Approach. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:5922-5932. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b02318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Ge X, Fan Y, Liu J, Zhang L, Han Y, Xing D. An improved method for permeability estimation of the bioclastic limestone reservoir based on NMR data. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2017; 283:96-109. [PMID: 28923777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Permeability is an important parameter in formation evaluation since it controls the fluid transportation of porous rocks. However, it is challengeable to compute the permeability of bioclastic limestone reservoirs by conventional methods linking petrophysical and geophysical data, due to the complex pore distributions. A new method is presented to estimate the permeability based on laboratory and downhole nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. We divide the pore space into four intervals by the inflection points between the pore radius and the transversal relaxation time. Relationships between permeability and percentages of different pore intervals are investigated to investigate influential factors on the fluid transportation. Furthermore, an empirical model, which takes into account of the pore size distributions, is presented to compute the permeability. 212 core samples in our case show that the accuracy of permeability calculation is improved from 0.542 (SDR model), 0.507 (TIM model), 0.455 (conventional porosity-permeability regressions) to 0.803. To enhance the precision of downhole application of the new model, we developed a fluid correction algorithm to construct the water spectrum of in-situ NMR data, aiming to eliminate the influence of oil on the magnetization. The result reveals that permeability is positively correlated with percentages of mega-pores and macro-pores, but negatively correlated with the percentage of micro-pores. Poor correlation is observed between permeability and the percentage of meso-pores. NMR magnetizations and T2 spectrums after the fluid correction agree well with laboratory results for samples saturated with water. Field application indicates that the improved method provides better performance than conventional models such as Schlumberger-Doll Research equation, Timur-Coates equation, and porosity-permeability regressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Ge
- School of Geosciences in China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China; Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yiren Fan
- School of Geosciences in China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China; Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianyu Liu
- School of Geosciences in China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China; Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Resources and Civil Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Tai'an 271019, China
| | - Yujiao Han
- School of Geosciences in China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China; Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Donghui Xing
- School of Geosciences in China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China; Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
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Abstract
In this comprehensive review, recent progress and developments on perfluorinated sulfonic-acid (PFSA) membranes have been summarized on many key topics. Although quite well investigated for decades, PFSA ionomers' complex behavior, along with their key role in many emerging technologies, have presented significant scientific challenges but also helped create a unique cross-disciplinary research field to overcome such challenges. Research and progress on PFSAs, especially when considered with their applications, are at the forefront of bridging electrochemistry and polymer (physics), which have also opened up development of state-of-the-art in situ characterization techniques as well as multiphysics computation models. Topics reviewed stem from correlating the various physical (e.g., mechanical) and transport properties with morphology and structure across time and length scales. In addition, topics of recent interest such as structure/transport correlations and modeling, composite PFSA membranes, degradation phenomena, and PFSA thin films are presented. Throughout, the impact of PFSA chemistry and side-chain is also discussed to present a broader perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kusoglu
- Energy Conversion Group, Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, MS70-108B, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Adam Z Weber
- Energy Conversion Group, Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, MS70-108B, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Oshima T, Yoshizawa-Fujita M, Takeoka Y, Rikukawa M. Use of a High-Performance Poly( p-phenylene)-Based Aromatic Hydrocarbon Ionomer with Superacid Groups in Fuel Cells under Low Humidity Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:939-942. [PMID: 31457174 PMCID: PMC6640801 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic ionomers with perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid groups for fuel cell applications have been prepared mostly by the post-functionalization method. Herein, we present a direct polymerization method using a novel monomer with a perfluorosulfonic acid group to control the amount and position of the sulfonic acid groups. A poly(p-phenylene)-based aromatic hydrocarbon ionomer bearing a pendant perfluorosulfonic acid group in a substituent at the 2-position is synthesized by Ni(0)-catalyzed coupling polymerization. The direct polymerization provides M n values of up to 169 000 with a highly controlled molecular structure and allows the formation of thin membranes. These ionomers were found to combine the positive features of perfluorinated and aromatic hydrocarbon ionomers, and these thin membranes with a relatively high ion exchange capacity showed high proton conductivity and excellent fuel cell performance (907 mW cm-2 even at 80 °C and 30% RH) under low humidity conditions compared with other reported aromatic hydrocarbon ionomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Oshima
- Department of Materials
and
Life Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshizawa-Fujita
- Department of Materials
and
Life Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Yuko Takeoka
- Department of Materials
and
Life Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Masahiro Rikukawa
- Department of Materials
and
Life Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
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14
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Compañ V, Mollá S, Vallejos S, García F, García JM, Guzmán J, Garrido L. Determination of Oxygen Permeability in Acrylic-Based Hydrogels by Proton NMR Spectroscopy and Imaging. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Compañ
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; C/Camino de Vera s/n 46020 Valencia Spain
| | - Sergio Mollá
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; C/Camino de Vera s/n 46020 Valencia Spain
| | - Saúl Vallejos
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos; Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n 09001 Burgos Spain
| | - Félix García
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos; Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n 09001 Burgos Spain
| | - José Miguel García
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos; Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n 09001 Burgos Spain
| | - Julio Guzmán
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP-CSIC); Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Leoncio Garrido
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP-CSIC); Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
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15
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Sel O, To Thi Kim L, Debiemme-Chouvy C, Gabrielli C, Laberty-Robert C, Perrot H. Determination of the diffusion coefficient of protons in Nafion thin films by ac-electrogravimetry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:13655-13660. [PMID: 24131383 DOI: 10.1021/la401453e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This letter deals with an adaptation of the ac-electrogravimetry technique to extract separately the dynamic properties of H(+) and water in Nafion nanometric thin films (average thickness of 400 nm). An original theoretical approach was developed to extract the representative parameters from ac-electrogravimetry data. The concentration change of the exchanged species and the diffusion coefficient of the protons in a Nafion nanometric thin film (D = 0.5 × 10(-6) cm(2) s(-1) at 0.3 V vs SCE) were estimated for the first time according to the applied potential. The conductivity value of Nafion thin films was calculated from the Nernst-Einstein equation using diffusion coefficients and concentration values extracted from ac-electrogravimetry data. The calculated conductivity results agree well with the experimental proton conductivity values of Nafion thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Sel
- UPR 15 du CNRS, LISE , 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
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16
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Zhao Q, Benziger J. Mechanical properties of perfluoro sulfonated acids: The role of temperature and solute activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey 08544
| | - Jay Benziger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey 08544
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17
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Vandiver MA, Horan JL, Yang Y, Tansey ET, Seifert S, Liberatore MW, Herring AM. Synthesis and characterization of perfluoro quaternary ammonium anion exchange membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Vandiver
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Colorado School of Mines; Golden Colorado 80401-1887
| | - James L. Horan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Colorado School of Mines; Golden Colorado 80401-1887
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry; Colorado School of Mines; Golden Colorado 80401-1887
| | - Emily T. Tansey
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Colorado School of Mines; Golden Colorado 80401-1887
| | - Söenke Seifert
- X-Ray Science Division; Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne Illinois 60439
| | - Matthew W. Liberatore
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Colorado School of Mines; Golden Colorado 80401-1887
| | - Andrew M. Herring
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Colorado School of Mines; Golden Colorado 80401-1887
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18
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Maldonado L, Perrin JC, Dillet J, Lottin O. Characterization of polymer electrolyte Nafion membranes: Influence of temperature, heat treatment and drying protocol on sorption and transport properties. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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19
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Kim T, Lee J, Yang TH, Yoon YG, Park SH, Yim SD. Novel catalyst layer synthesized by an in situ sol–gel process with tetraethoxysilane in a Nafion ionomer solution with Pt/C for PEFCs: the effect of self-assembled Nafion–SiO2 on Pt ORR activity and an increased water content in the polymer membranes. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20796f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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20
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Kusoglu A, Weber AZ. Water Transport and Sorption in Nafion Membrane. POLYMERS FOR ENERGY STORAGE AND DELIVERY: POLYELECTROLYTES FOR BATTERIES AND FUEL CELLS 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1096.ch011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kusoglu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Adam Z. Weber
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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21
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Kim T, Yim SD, Choi YW, Yang TH, Yoon YG, Park SH, Kim CS, Sung IK. A significant improvement of oxygen diffusion in catalyst layer based on hydrocarbon ionomer containing dimethyl silicone oil for PEM fuel cells. Electrochem commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2011.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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22
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Ahn WJ, Yim SD, Choi YW, Sohn YJ, Park SH, Yoon YG, Park GG, Yang TH, Kim KB. Performance and durability of sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) membrane-based membrane electrode assemblies fabricated by decal method for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.05.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Vanderveen JR, Blackburn MA, Ooms KJ. 2H double- and zero-quantum filtered NMR spectroscopy for probing the environments of water in Nafion. CAN J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1139/v11-045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiple quantum 2H NMR spectroscopy is used to study the structure and dynamics of D2O in Nafion membranes as a function of membrane hydration. By employing both double- and zero-quantum filtered experiments, residual quadrupolar coupling constants and T2 relaxation values are obtained. The residual couplings vary from 240 to 20 Hz and the T2 values range from 20 to 180 ms, with the high hydration values having smaller couplings and longer T2 values. Analysis of the data using a water-exchange model suggests that the changes in parameters arise from a change in the fraction of time water spends in the anisotropic environments and not from changes in the order parameters that characterize the anisotropic sites. It has been found that a two-site model is needed to accurately fit the spectra above a hydration level of 10 D2O per sulfonate, with the second site having a negligible residual quadrupolar coupling. The data supports a model with two different hydration layers at high hydration and can be understood in terms of the recently proposed parallel-channel model for Nafion hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse R. Vanderveen
- Department of Chemistry, The King’s University College, 9125-50St. Edmonton, AB T6B 2H3, Canada
| | - Mark A. Blackburn
- Department of Chemistry, The King’s University College, 9125-50St. Edmonton, AB T6B 2H3, Canada
| | - Kristopher J. Ooms
- Department of Chemistry, The King’s University College, 9125-50St. Edmonton, AB T6B 2H3, Canada
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24
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Zhao Q, Majsztrik P, Benziger J. Diffusion and interfacial transport of water in Nafion. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:2717-27. [PMID: 21370837 DOI: 10.1021/jp1112125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Water absorption, membrane swelling, and self-diffusivity of water in 1100 equivalent weight Nafion were measured as functions of temperature and water activity. Free volume per water at 80 °C, determined from water uptake and volume expansion data, decreases with water content in the membrane from 12 cm(3)/mol at λ = 0.5 H(2)O/SO(3) to 1.5 cm(3)/mol at λ = 4. The change in free volume with water content displays a transition at λ = 4. Limiting water self-diffusivity in Nafion was determined by pulsed gradient spin echo NMR at long delay times. The limiting self-diffusivity increases exponentially with water activity; the rate of increase of diffusivity with water content shows a transition at λ = 4. The tortuosity of the hydrophilic domains in Nafion decreased from 20 at low membrane water activity to 3 at λ = 4. It suggested a change in the connectivity of the hydrophilic domains absorbed water occurs at λ ∼ 4. The diffusivity results were employed to separate the contributions of diffusional and interfacial resistance for water transport across Nafion membranes, which enabled the determination of the interfacial mass transport coefficients. A diffusion model was developed which incorporated activity-dependent diffusivity, volume expansion, and the interfacial resistance, and was used to resolve the water activity profiles in the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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25
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Bae B, Yoda T, Miyatake K, Uchida M, Uchida H, Watanabe M. Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether sulfone ketone) Multiblock Copolymers with Highly Sulfonated Block. Fuel Cell Performance. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:10481-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1052908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byungchan Bae
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center and Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoda
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center and Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Miyatake
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center and Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Uchida
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center and Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center and Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Watanabe
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center and Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
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