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Zhao Y, Zhao W, Lv Y, Jin L, Ni Y, Hadjichristidis N. Well-defined star (co)polypeptides via a fast, efficient, and metal-free strategy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130566. [PMID: 38432269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Polypeptides, especially star polypeptides, as a unique kind of biological macromolecules have broad applications in biomedical fields such as drug release, gene delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicines due to their close structural similarity to naturally occurring peptides and proteins, biocompatibility, and amino acid functionality. However, the synthesis of star polypeptide mainly relies on the conventional primary amine-initiated ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCA) and suffers from low polymerization activity and limited controllability. This study proposes a fast, efficient and metal-free strategy to access star (co)polypeptides by combining the Michael reaction between acrylates and secondary aminoalcohols with the hydrogen-bonding organocatalytic ROP of NCA. This approach enables the preparation of a library of star (co)polypeptides with predesigned molecular weights, narrow molecular weight distributions, tunable arm number, and arm compositions. Importantly, this method exhibits high activity and selectivity at room temperature, making it both practical and versatile in synthesis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanfeng Lv
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuping Jin
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton E3B 5A3, New Brunswick, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Chemistry Program, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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Pranav U, Malhotra M, Pathan S, Jayakannan M. Structural Engineering of Star Block Biodegradable Polymer Unimolecular Micelles for Drug Delivery in Cancer Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:743-759. [PMID: 36579913 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation reports the structural engineering of biodegradable star block polycaprolactone (PCL) to tailor-make aggregated micelles and unimolecular micelles to study their effect on drug delivery aspects in cancer cell lines. Fully PCL-based star block copolymers were designed by varying the arm numbers from two to eight while keeping the arm length constant throughout. Multifunctional initiators were exploited for stepwise solvent-free melt ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and γ-substituted caprolactone to construct star block copolymers having a PCL hydrophobic core and a carboxylic PCL hydrophilic shell, respectively. A higher arm number and a higher degree of branching in star polymers facilitated the formation of unimolecular micelles as opposed to the formation of conventional multimicellar aggregates in lower arm analogues. The dense core of the unimolecular micelles enabled them to load high amounts of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX, ∼12-15%) compared to the aggregated micelles (∼3-4%). The star unimolecular micelle completely degraded leading to 90% release of the loaded drug upon treatment with the lysosomal esterase enzyme in vitro. The anticancer efficacies of these DOX-loaded unimolecular micelles were tested in a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), and their IC50 values were found to be much lower compared to those of aggregated micelles. Time-dependent cellular uptake studies by confocal microscopy revealed that unimolecular micelles were readily taken up by the cells, and enhancement of the drug concentration was observed at the intracellular level up to 36 h. The present work opens new synthetic strategies for building a next-generation biodegradable unimolecular micellar nanoplatform for drug delivery in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendiran Pranav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER Pune), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008 Maharashtra, India
| | - Mehak Malhotra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER Pune), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008 Maharashtra, India
| | - Shahidkhan Pathan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER Pune), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008 Maharashtra, India
| | - Manickam Jayakannan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER Pune), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008 Maharashtra, India
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Zheng M, Pan M, Zhang W, Lin H, Wu S, Lu C, Tang S, Liu D, Cai J. Poly(α-l-lysine)-based nanomaterials for versatile biomedical applications: Current advances and perspectives. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:1878-1909. [PMID: 33364529 PMCID: PMC7744653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(α-l-lysine) (PLL) is a class of water-soluble, cationic biopolymer composed of α-l-lysine structural units. The previous decade witnessed tremendous progress in the synthesis and biomedical applications of PLL and its composites. PLL-based polymers and copolymers, till date, have been extensively explored in the contexts such as antibacterial agents, gene/drug/protein delivery systems, bio-sensing, bio-imaging, and tissue engineering. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in PLL-based nanomaterials in these biomedical fields over the last decade. The review first describes the synthesis of PLL and its derivatives, followed by the main text of their recent biomedical applications and translational studies. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of PLL-based nanomaterials in biomedical fields are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maochao Zheng
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Miao Pan
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Wancong Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 69 Dongxiabei Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Huanchang Lin
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Shenlang Wu
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Chao Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Shijie Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 69 Dongxiabei Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Daojun Liu
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
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Controlled Drug Release and Cytotoxicity Studies of Beta-Lapachone and Doxorubicin Loaded into Cyclodextrins Attached to a Polyethyleneimine Matrix. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165832. [PMID: 32823816 PMCID: PMC7461587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents a new look at the application of cyclodextrins (CD) as a drug nanocarrier. Two different cyclodextrins (αCD, βCD) were covalently conjugated to branched polyethylenimine (PEI), which was additionally functionalized with folic acid (PEI-βCD-αCD-FA). Here, we demonstrated that the combination of αCD and βCD enabled to load and control release of two anticancer drugs: doxorubicin (DOX) and beta-lapachone (beta-LP) (DOX in β-CD and beta-LP into α-CD) via host-guest inclusion. The PEI-βCD(DOX)-αCD-FA nanoconjugate was used to transport anticancer drugs into A549 lung cancer cells for estimation the cytotoxic and antitumor effect of this nanoconjugate. The presence of FA molecules should facilitate the penetration of studied nanoconjugate into the cell. Whereas, the non-cellular experiments proved that the drugs are released from the carrier mainly in the pH 4.0. The release mechanism is found to be anomalous in all studied cases.
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Occlusion phenomenon of redox probe by protein as a way of voltammetric detection of non-electroactive C-reactive protein. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:232-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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González-Henríquez CM, Sarabia-Vallejos MA, Rodríguez-Hernández J. Strategies to Fabricate Polypeptide-Based Structures via Ring-Opening Polymerization of N-Carboxyanhydrides. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E551. [PMID: 30965855 PMCID: PMC6418556 DOI: 10.3390/polym9110551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we provide a general and clear overview about the different alternatives reported to fabricate a myriad of polypeptide architectures based on the ring-opening polymerization of N-carbonyanhydrides (ROP NCAs). First of all, the strategies for the preparation of NCA monomers directly from natural occurring or from modified amino acids are analyzed. The synthetic alternatives to prepare non-functionalized and functionalized NCAs are presented. Protection/deprotection protocols, as well as other functionalization chemistries are discussed in this section. Later on, the mechanisms involved in the ROP NCA polymerization, as well as the strategies developed to reduce the eventually occurring side reactions are presented. Finally, a general overview of the synthetic strategies described in the literature to fabricate different polypeptide architectures is provided. This part of the review is organized depending on the complexity of the macromolecular topology prepared. Therefore, linear homopolypeptides, random and block copolypeptides are described first. The next sections include cyclic and branched polymers such as star polypeptides, polymer brushes and highly branched structures including arborescent or dendrigraft structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M González-Henríquez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, P.O. Box 9845, Correo 21, Santiago 7800003, Chile.
| | - Mauricio A Sarabia-Vallejos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Estructural y Geotecnia, Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 306, Correo 22, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Hernández
- Departamento de Química y Propiedades de Polímeros, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Zeng X, Wang L, Liu D, Liu D. Poly(L-lysine)-based cylindrical copolypeptide brushes as potential drug and gene carriers. Colloid Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-016-3953-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ren JM, McKenzie TG, Fu Q, Wong EHH, Xu J, An Z, Shanmugam S, Davis TP, Boyer C, Qiao GG. Star Polymers. Chem Rev 2016; 116:6743-836. [PMID: 27299693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in controlled/living polymerization techniques and highly efficient coupling chemistries have enabled the facile synthesis of complex polymer architectures with controlled dimensions and functionality. As an example, star polymers consist of many linear polymers fused at a central point with a large number of chain end functionalities. Owing to this exclusive structure, star polymers exhibit some remarkable characteristics and properties unattainable by simple linear polymers. Hence, they constitute a unique class of technologically important nanomaterials that have been utilized or are currently under audition for many applications in life sciences and nanotechnologies. This article first provides a comprehensive summary of synthetic strategies towards star polymers, then reviews the latest developments in the synthesis and characterization methods of star macromolecules, and lastly outlines emerging applications and current commercial use of star-shaped polymers. The aim of this work is to promote star polymer research, generate new avenues of scientific investigation, and provide contemporary perspectives on chemical innovation that may expedite the commercialization of new star nanomaterials. We envision in the not-too-distant future star polymers will play an increasingly important role in materials science and nanotechnology in both academic and industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing M Ren
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas G McKenzie
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Edgar H H Wong
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Zesheng An
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai 2000444, People's Republic of China
| | - Sivaprakash Shanmugam
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Lukowiak MC, Thota BN, Haag R. Dendritic core–shell systems as soft drug delivery nanocarriers. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1327-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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11
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WITHDRAWN: Polymer assembly: Promising carriers as co-delivery systems for cancer therapy. Prog Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Byrne M, Murphy R, Kapetanakis A, Ramsey J, Cryan SA, Heise A. Star-Shaped Polypeptides: Synthesis and Opportunities for Delivery of Therapeutics. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1862-1876. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Byrne
- School of Chemical Sciences; Dublin City University; Glasnevin, Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Robert Murphy
- School of Chemical Sciences; Dublin City University; Glasnevin, Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Antonios Kapetanakis
- School of Chemical Sciences; Dublin City University; Glasnevin, Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Joanne Ramsey
- School of Pharmacy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- School of Pharmacy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin 2 Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin 2 Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Andreas Heise
- School of Chemical Sciences; Dublin City University; Glasnevin, Dublin 9 Ireland
- School of Pharmacy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin 2 Ireland
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Zhan C, Li S, Cui J, Chen Y. Multiarm star poly(ɛ-caprolactone) with hyperbranched polyamidoamine as core capable of selective accommodating cationic or anionic guests. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-015-1651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Qian J, Yong X, Xu W, Jin X. Preparation and characterization of bimodal porous poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:4587-93. [PMID: 24094164 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An ideal scaffold in bone tissue-engineering strategy should provide biomimetic extracellular matrix-like architecture and biological properties. Poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PBLG) has been a popular model polypeptide for various potential biomedical applications due to its good biocompatibility and biodegradability. This study developed novel bimodal porous PBLG polypeptide scaffolds via a combination of biotemplating method and in situ ring-opening polymerization of γ-benzyl-L-gIutamate N-carboxyanhydride (BLG-NCA). The PBLG scaffolds were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and mechanical test. The results showed that the semi-crystalline PBLG scaffolds exhibited an anisotropic porous structure composed of honeycomb-like channels (100-200 μm in diameter) and micropores (5-20 μm), with a very high porosity of 97.4±1.6%. The compressive modulus and glass transition temperature were 402.8±20.6 kPa and 20.2°C, respectively. The in vitro biocompatibility evaluation with MC3T3-E1 cells using SEM, fluorescent staining and MTT assay revealed that the PBLG scaffolds had good biocompatibility and favored cell attachment, spread and proliferation. Therefore, the bimodal porous polypeptide scaffolds are promising for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviors of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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