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The Quest for Green Solvents for the Sustainable Production of Nanosheets of Two-Dimensional (2D) Materials, a Key Issue in the Roadmap for the Ecology Transition in the Flatland. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031484. [PMID: 36771151 PMCID: PMC9919378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent advent of two-dimensional (2D) materials has had a ground-breaking impact on science and technology. To exploit in technology their unique thickness-dependent physicochemical properties, the large-scale production of 2D materials is mandatory, but it represents an open challenge still due to various pitfalls and severe limitations including the toxicity of state-of-the-art solvents. Thus, liquid-phase exfoliation based on green and bioderived solvents represents an ideal methodology for massive production. This is particularly crucial for introducing 2D materials in technological applications such as the production of drinking water and agri-food industrial processes. Here, we assessed the production of 2D nanosheets (specifically, graphene, WS2, MoS2) with liquid-phase exfoliation assisted by eco-friendly solvents, with a comparative evaluation of green solvents in terms of the yield and, moreover, the aspect ratio, defectivity, and crystalline quality of the produced nanosheets. In particular, we focus on the most promising green solvents in terms of the yield and the crystalline quality of the produced nanosheets: Polarclean, Iris, and Cyrene, which were compared with acetone/water mixtures, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), triethanolamine (TEA), aqueous solutions of urea, and an ethanol/water mixture as well as two toxic solvents largely used for the production of 2D nanosheets: N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Remarkably, the density of defects was particularly low in the liquid-phase exfoliation with Polarclean, as indicated by the Raman spectrum of graphene, with the I(D)/I(G) ratio below 0.1. Furthermore, Polarclean and Iris also enable ink-jet printing with functional inks of 2D materials based on green solvents due to their low dynamic viscosity at room temperature.
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2
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Mouren A, Avérous L. Sustainable cycloaliphatic polyurethanes: from synthesis to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:277-317. [PMID: 36520183 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00509c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethanes (PUs) are a versatile and major polymer family, mainly produced via polyaddition between polyols and polyisocyanates. A large variety of fossil-based building blocks is commonly used to develop a wide range of macromolecular architectures with specific properties. Due to environmental concerns, legislation, rarefaction of some petrol fractions and price fluctuation, sustainable feedstocks are attracting significant attention, e.g., plastic waste and biobased resources from biomass. Consequently, various sustainable building blocks are available to develop new renewable macromolecular architectures such as aromatics, linear aliphatics and cycloaliphatics. Meanwhile, the relationship between the chemical structures of these building blocks and properties of the final PUs can be determined. For instance, aromatic building blocks are remarkable to endow materials with rigidity, hydrophobicity, fire resistance, chemical and thermal stability, whereas acyclic aliphatics endow them with oxidation and UV light resistance, flexibility and transparency. Cycloaliphatics are very interesting as they combine most of the advantages of linear aliphatic and aromatic compounds. This original and unique review presents a comprehensive overview of the synthesis of sustainable cycloaliphatic PUs using various renewable products such as biobased terpenes, carbohydrates, fatty acids and cholesterol and/or plastic waste. Herein, we summarize the chemical modification of the main sustainable cycloaliphatic feedstocks, synthesis of PUs using these building blocks and their corresponding properties and subsequently present their major applications in hot-topic fields, including building, transportation, packaging and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Mouren
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
| | - Luc Avérous
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
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3
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Characterization and determination of the quality of rosins and turpentines extracted from Pinus oocarpa and Pinus patula resin. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07834. [PMID: 34485729 PMCID: PMC8405890 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosins and turpentines present in pine resins have been widely used both industrially (coatings, electronics and paint) and pharmaceuticals (ointments). Among the main components of these matrices is abietic acid. This study focuses on the characterization and evaluation of the quality of rosins and turpentines in addition to the quantification of abietic acid in rosins. Rosin and spirit of turpentine were obtained separately through the distillation method from P patula and P. oocarpa resin, species grown in the Department of Cauca-Colombia. Resin-tapping was made using the traditional method (cup and gutter). Quality indicators were determined according to ASTM standards. Solubility tests and identification of functional groups were performed on the obtained rosin by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The abietic acid present in the rosins was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). According to their high acid value and low percentage of unsaponifiable matter, the extracted rosins are considered of medium-high quality. Quantification of abietic acid by HPLC showed 14.85 ± 0.24% and 16.09 ± 0.11% for P. patula and P. oocarpa rosin respectively.
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Selva Filho AAP, Almeida FCG, Soares da Silva RDCF, Sarubbo LA. Analysis of the surfactant properties of Eichhornia crassipes for application in the remediation of environments impacted by hydrophobic pollutants. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Chiocchio I, Mandrone M, Tomasi P, Marincich L, Poli F. Plant Secondary Metabolites: An Opportunity for Circular Economy. Molecules 2021; 26:495. [PMID: 33477709 PMCID: PMC7831927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Moving toward a more sustainable development, a pivotal role is played by circular economy and a smarter waste management. Industrial wastes from plants offer a wide spectrum of possibilities for their valorization, still being enriched in high added-value molecules, such as secondary metabolites (SMs). The current review provides an overview of the most common SM classes (chemical structures, classification, biological activities) present in different plant waste/by-products and their potential use in various fields. A bibliographic survey was carried out, taking into account 99 research articles (from 2006 to 2020), summarizing all the information about waste type, its plant source, industrial sector of provenience, contained SMs, reported bioactivities, and proposals for its valorization. This survey highlighted that a great deal of the current publications are focused on the exploitation of plant wastes in human healthcare and food (including cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and food additives). However, as summarized in this review, plant SMs also possess an enormous potential for further uses. Accordingly, an increasing number of investigations on neglected plant matrices and their use in areas such as veterinary science or agriculture are expected, considering also the need to implement "greener" practices in the latter sector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Mandrone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.C.); (P.T.); (L.M.); (F.P.)
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6
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Paolucci V, D’Olimpio G, Lozzi L, Mio AM, Ottaviano L, Nardone M, Nicotra G, Le-Cornec P, Cantalini C, Politano A. Sustainable Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Layered Materials with Nontoxic Polarclean Solvent. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2020; 8:18830-18840. [PMID: 33828931 PMCID: PMC8018326 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c04191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-phase exfoliation is the most suitable platform for large-scale production of two-dimensional materials. One of the main open challenges is related to the quest of green and bioderived solvents to replace state-of-the-art dispersion media, which suffer several toxicity issues. Here, we demonstrate the suitability of methyl-5-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-5-oxopentanoate (Rhodiasolv Polarclean) for sonication-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation of layered materials for the case-study examples of WS2, MoS2, and graphene. We performed a direct comparison, in the same processing conditions, with liquid-phase exfoliation using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent. The amount of few-layer flakes (with thickness <5 nm) obtained with Polarclean is increased by ∼350% with respect to the case of liquid-phase exfoliation using NMP, maintaining comparable values of the average lateral size, which even reaches ∼10 μm for the case of graphene produced by exfoliation in Polarclean, and of the yield (∼40%). Correspondingly, the density of defects is reduced by 1 order of magnitude by Polarclean-assisted exfoliation, as evidenced by the I(D)/I(G) ratio in Raman spectra of graphene as low as 0.07 ± 0.01. Considering the various advantages of Polarclean over state-of-the-art solvents, including the absence of toxicity and its biodegradability, the validation of superior performances of Polarclean in liquid-phase exfoliation paves the way for sustainable large-scale production of nanosheets of layered materials and for extending their use in application fields to date inhibited by toxicity of solvents (e.g., agri-food industry and desalination), with a subsequent superb impact on the commercial potential of their technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Paolucci
- Department
of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L’Aquila, via G. Gronchi 18, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Gianluca D’Olimpio
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University
of L’Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Luca Lozzi
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University
of L’Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonio M. Mio
- CNR-IMM
Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, VIII strada 5, I-95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Ottaviano
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University
of L’Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele Nardone
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University
of L’Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nicotra
- CNR-IMM
Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, VIII strada 5, I-95121 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Cantalini
- Department
of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L’Aquila, via G. Gronchi 18, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonio Politano
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University
of L’Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- CNR-IMM
Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, VIII strada 5, I-95121 Catania, Italy
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Campana F, Massaccesi BM, Santoro S, Piermatti O, Vaccaro L. Polarclean/Water as a Safe and Recoverable Medium for Selective C2-Arylation of Indoles Catalyzed by Pd/C. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2020; 8:16441-16450. [PMID: 33828930 PMCID: PMC8018292 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c05049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the use of nontoxic, water-miscible Polarclean as a safe dipolar aprotic solvent for the metal-catalyzed direct C2-H arylation of indoles using Pd/C as a catalyst. The developed method allows reaching excellent yields and regioselectivities, and it tolerates various substituents on both indole and diaryliodonium salt scaffolds. Polarclean is fully recoverable and reusable; it shows a very low leaching of the metal catalyst, allowing its complete recovery and reuse for at least six representative reaction runs.
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Gnanasekar P, Chen J, Goswami SR, Chen H, Yan N. Sustainable Shape-Memory Polyurethane from Abietic Acid: Superior Mechanical Properties and Shape Recovery with Tunable Transition Temperatures. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5749-5761. [PMID: 32882105 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new chemical architecture from abietic acid, consisting of a cycloaliphatic unsaturated terminal diisocyanate (AADI) structure, is synthesized and fully characterized. The AADI is then used to construct an amorphous and biocompatible shape-memory polyurethane (SMPU) network system with adjustable cross-linking densities over a wide range. The SMPU network exhibits good shape-memory properties with a shape fixing rate of greater than 98 % and a shape recovery rate of 95 %. In vitro hydrolytic biodegradation weight loss ratio of SMPUs reaches 71 % within eight weeks. The physical properties of these SMPUs are comparable to those reported for SMPUs obtained from commercially available petroleum-derived diisocyanates. This is the first time that multiple SMPU networks based on abietic acid have been reported. These environmentally-friendly SMPUs display a wide range of physicomechanical properties with promising hydrolytic degradability, showing good potential for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchaimari Gnanasekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S3E5, Canada
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S3E5, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, P.R. China
| | - Shrestha Roy Goswami
- Graduate Department of Forestry, John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape, and Design, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S3B3, Canada
| | - Heyu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S3E5, Canada
- Graduate Department of Forestry, John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape, and Design, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S3B3, Canada
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S3E5, Canada
- Graduate Department of Forestry, John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape, and Design, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S3B3, Canada
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Pine Resin Derivatives as Sustainable Additives to Improve the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Injected Moulded Thermoplastic Starch. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10072561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fully bio-based materials based on thermoplastic starch (TPS) were developed starting from corn starch plasticized with glycerol. The obtained TPS was further blended with five pine resin derivatives: gum rosin (GR), disproportionated gum rosin (dehydroabietic acid, RD), maleic anhydride modified gum rosin (CM), pentaerythritol ester of gum rosin (LF), and glycerol ester of gum rosin (UG). The TPS–resin blend formulations were processed by melt extrusion and further by injection moulding to simulate the industrial conditions. The obtained materials were characterized in terms of mechanical, thermal and structural properties. The results showed that all gum rosin-based additives were able to improve the thermal stability of TPS, increasing the degradation onset temperature. The carbonyl groups of gum rosin derivatives were able to interact with the hydroxyl groups of starch and glycerol by means of hydrogen bond interactions producing a significant increase of the glass transition temperature with a consequent stiffening effect, which in turn improve the overall mechanical performance of the TPS-resin injected moulded blends. The developed TPS–resin blends are of interest for rigid packaging applications.
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11
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Randová A, Bartovská L, Morávek P, Matějka P, Novotná M, Matějková S, Drioli E, Figoli A, Lanč M, Friess K. A fundamental study of the physicochemical properties of Rhodiasolv®Polarclean: A promising alternative to common and hazardous solvents. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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13
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Ganewatta MS, Ding W, Rahman MA, Yuan L, Wang Z, Hamidi N, Robertson ML, Tang C. Biobased Plastics and Elastomers from Renewable Rosin via “Living” Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitra S. Ganewatta
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Wenyue Ding
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Md Anisur Rahman
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Liang Yuan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Zhongkai Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Nasrollah Hamidi
- Department
of Biological and Physical Sciences, South Carolina State University, Orangeburg, South Carolina 29115, United States
| | - Megan L. Robertson
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Chuanbing Tang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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14
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Vlaminck L, De Bruycker K, Türünç O, Du Prez FE. ADMET and TAD chemistry: a sustainable alliance. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01144f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Post-polymerisation functionalisation and subsequent crosslinking of unsaturated ADMET derived polymers were performed via the versatile and ultrafast 1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione click chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Vlaminck
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - K. De Bruycker
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - O. Türünç
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - F. E. Du Prez
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
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15
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Hollande L, Jaufurally AS, Ducrot PH, Allais F. ADMET polymerization of biobased monomers deriving from syringaresinol. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06348a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Renewable α,ω-dienes have been prepared from syringaresinol, a naturally occurring bisphenol deriving from sinapyl alcohol, and further studied as monomers in ADMET polymerizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Hollande
- AgroParisTech
- Chaire Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI)
- CEBB – 3 rue des Rouges Terres
- F-51110 Pomacle
- France
| | - Abdus Samad Jaufurally
- AgroParisTech
- Chaire Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI)
- CEBB – 3 rue des Rouges Terres
- F-51110 Pomacle
- France
| | - Paul-Henri Ducrot
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin
- INRA
- AgroParisTech
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
| | - Florent Allais
- AgroParisTech
- Chaire Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI)
- CEBB – 3 rue des Rouges Terres
- F-51110 Pomacle
- France
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17
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Llevot A, Grau E, Carlotti S, Grelier S, Cramail H. ADMET polymerization of bio-based biphenyl compounds. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01232e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bio-based phenols were dimerized and employed as monomers in ADMET polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Llevot
- Univ. Bordeaux
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques
- UMR 5629
- Pessac Cedex
- France
| | - E. Grau
- Univ. Bordeaux
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques
- UMR 5629
- Pessac Cedex
- France
| | - S. Carlotti
- Univ. Bordeaux
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques
- UMR 5629
- Pessac Cedex
- France
| | - S. Grelier
- Univ. Bordeaux
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques
- UMR 5629
- Pessac Cedex
- France
| | - H. Cramail
- Univ. Bordeaux
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques
- UMR 5629
- Pessac Cedex
- France
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