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Petrauskas R, Grauzeliene S, Ostrauskaite J. Thermo-Responsive Shape-Memory Dual-Cured Polymers Based on Vegetable Oils. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:24. [PMID: 38203878 PMCID: PMC10780134 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The development of thermo-responsive shape-memory polymers has attracted attention due to their ability to undergo reversible deformations based on temperature changes. Vegetable oils are confirmed to be an excellent biorenewable source of starting materials for the synthesis of polymers. Therefore, the objective of this research was to synthesize thermo-responsive shape-memory polymers based on vegetable oils by using the dual-curing technique and obtaining polymers with tailorable properties. Acrylated epoxidized soybean oil and two epoxidized vegetable oils, linseed oil and camelina oil, were chosen for dual curing with m-xylylenediamine. Rheological tests were used to analyze the curing kinetics of systems undergoing radical photopolymerization, thermal cationic polymerization, and dual-curing processes. The rheological, mechanical, and thermal characteristics of the polymers were enhanced by the second curing stage. Dual-cured vegetable oil-based polymers had shape-memory properties with a recovery ratio of 100%, making them suitable for a variety of applications, including electronics, biomedical devices, and robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jolita Ostrauskaite
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.P.); (S.G.)
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2
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Nallbani BG, Kahraman MV, Degirmenci I. Computational Study on Radical-Mediated Thiol-Epoxy Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8050-8058. [PMID: 37737119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Radical-mediated thiol-epoxy reactions were elucidated for analyzing the overlap problem of the thiol-ene/thiol-epoxy systems using computational approaches. Nine epoxy model molecules were evaluated to mimic the chemical structures and reactivity of some industrial epoxy molecules. Modeling reaction mechanisms was conducted through density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) level at 1.0 atm and 298.15 K. An analog thiol-ene mechanism was proposed for radical-mediated thiol-epoxide reactions. Unlike the thiol-ene reactions, the addition reaction to epoxides is relatively slow (rate constants <10-4 M-1 s-1). However, the chain transfer, which paves the way for the overlapping of dual curing systems, is quite fast (rate constants >101 M-1 s-1). High stability of thiyl radicals, epoxy ring strain, and the instability of formed alkoxy radical from addition reaction were emphasized as the main driving forces for the reaction energetics and kinetics. Control of temperature and using certain thiols are strongly recommended to avoid curing step overlap based on the findings in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Memet Vezir Kahraman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Isa Degirmenci
- Chemical Engineering Department, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey
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3
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Polysilsesquioxane reinforced cardanol derived elastomeric thermoset: preparation, characterization and properties. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-022-01080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Kotha S, Solanke BU. Modular Approach to Benzofurans, 2H-Chromenes and Benzoxepines via Claisen Rearrangement and Ring-Closing Metathesis: Access to Phenylpropanoids. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200084. [PMID: 35218606 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Benzofurans, 2 H -chromenes and benzoxepines are key structural elements present in several natural products and pharmaceuticals. Here, we describe an easy-to-execute strategy for the synthesis of benzofurans, 2 H -chromenes and benzoxepines, by employing Claisen rearrangement and ring-closing metathesis as key steps. A variety of phenols were converted into useful oxacycles in good to excellent yields. The ring-closing metathesis approach has been used to produce phenylpropanoid natural products. Examples described here include, the naturally occurring benzofurans such as 7-methoxywutaifuranal, 7-methoxywutaifuranol, 7-methoxywutaifuranate and the O -prenylated natural products like boropinic acid, boropinols A and C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Indian Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Powai, 400 076, Mumbai, INDIA
| | - Balaji U Solanke
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Chemistry, 400076, Mumbai, INDIA
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5
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6
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Ohno R, Sugane K, Shibata M. Thermal and mechanical properties of polymer networks prepared by the thiol-ene reaction of a vanillin/acetone condensate and its related compounds. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Morales-Cerrada R, Molina-Gutierrez S, Lacroix-Desmazes P, Caillol S. Eugenol, a Promising Building Block for Biobased Polymers with Cutting-Edge Properties. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3625-3648. [PMID: 34464094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biobased materials, derived from biomass building blocks, are essential in the pursuit of sustainable materials. Eugenol, a natural phenol obtained from clove oil, but also from lignin depolymerization, possesses a chemical structure that allows its easy modification to obtain a broad and versatile platform of biobased monomers. In this Perspective, an overview of the variety of reactions that have been executed on the allylic double bond, phenol hydroxyl group, aromatic ring, and methoxy group is given, focusing our attention on those to obtain monomers suitable for different polymerization reactions. Furthermore, possible applications and perspectives on the eugenol-derived materials are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sylvain Caillol
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34000, France
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8
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9
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Grauzeliene S, Valaityte D, Motiekaityte G, Ostrauskaite J. Bio-Based Crosslinked Polymers Synthesized from Functionalized Soybean Oil and Squalene by Thiol-Ene UV Curing. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14102675. [PMID: 34065302 PMCID: PMC8160674 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of polymers photopolymerized from renewable resources are extensively growing as fulfills green chemistry and green engineering principles. With the rapid growth of consumerism, research on innovative starting materials for the preparation of polymers may help to reduce the negative impact of petroleum-based plastic materials on the global ecosystem and on animal and human health. Therefore, bio-based crosslinked polymers have been synthesized from functionalized soybean oil and squalene by thiol-ene ultra-violet (UV) curing. First, thiol-ene UV curing of squalene was performed to introduce thiol functional groups. Then, hexathiolated squalene was used as a crosslinker in click UV curing of acrylated epoxidized soybean oil. Two photoinitiators, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone and ethylphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphinate, were tested in different quantities. Rheological properties of the resins were monitored by real-time photorheometry. The characterization of obtained polymers was performed by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, and Shore A hardness measurements. Polymers possessed higher storage modulus, thermal characteristics, Shore A hardness, and lower swelling value when ethylphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphinate was used as photoinitiator.
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Demir B, Perli G, Chan KY, Duchet-Rumeau J, Livi S. Molecular-Level Investigation of Cycloaliphatic Epoxidised Ionic Liquids as a New Generation of Monomers for Versatile Poly(Ionic Liquids). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091512. [PMID: 34067227 PMCID: PMC8125863 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a new generation of polymerised ionic liquids with high thermal stability and good mechanical performances has been designed through novel and versatile cycloaliphatic epoxy-functionalised ionic liquids (CEILs). From these first promising results and unexplored chemical structures in terms of final properties of the PILs, a computational approach based on molecular dynamics simulations has been developed to generate polymer models and predict the thermo–mechanical properties (e.g., glass transition temperature and Young’s modulus) of experimentally investigated CEILs for producing multi-functional polymer materials. Here, a completely reproducible and reliable computational protocol is provided to design, test and tune poly(ionic liquids) based on epoxidised ionic liquid monomers for future multi-functional thermoset polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Demir
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriel Perli
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, INSA Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; (G.P.); (J.D.-R.); (S.L.)
| | - Kit-Ying Chan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Jannick Duchet-Rumeau
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, INSA Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; (G.P.); (J.D.-R.); (S.L.)
| | - Sébastien Livi
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, INSA Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; (G.P.); (J.D.-R.); (S.L.)
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11
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12
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Vegetable Oil-Based Thiol-Ene/Thiol-Epoxy Resins for Laser Direct Writing 3D Micro-/Nano-Lithography. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13060872. [PMID: 33809044 PMCID: PMC8000864 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of renewable sources for optical 3D printing instead of petroleum-based materials is increasingly growing. Combinations of photo- and thermal polymerization in dual curing processes can enhance the thermal and mechanical properties of the synthesized thermosets. Consequently, thiol-ene/thiol-epoxy polymers were obtained by combining UV and thermal curing of acrylated epoxidized soybean oil and epoxidized linseed oil with thiols, benzene-1,3-dithiol and pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate). Thiol-epoxy reaction was studied by calorimetry. The changes of rheological properties were examined during UV, thermal and dual curing to select the most suitable formulations for laser direct writing (LDW). The obtained polymers were characterized by dynamic-mechanical thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, and mechanical testing. The selected dual curable mixture was tested in LDW 3D lithography for validating its potential in optical micro- and nano-additive manufacturing. The obtained results demonstrated the suitability of epoxidized linseed oil as a biobased alternative to bisphenol A diglycidyl ether in thiol-epoxy thermal curing reactions. Dual cured thermosets showed higher rigidity, tensile strength, and Young’s modulus values compared with UV-cured thiol-ene polymers and the highest thermal stability from all prepared polymers. LDW results proved their suitability for high resolution 3D printing—individual features reaching an unprecedented 100 nm for plant-based materials. Finally, the biobased resin was tested for thermal post-treatment and 50% feature downscaling was achieved.
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13
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Liu J, Wang S, Peng Y, Zhu J, Zhao W, Liu X. Advances in sustainable thermosetting resins: From renewable feedstock to high performance and recyclability. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Wan J, Zhao J, Zhang X, Fan H, Zhang J, Hu D, Jin P, Wang DY. Epoxy thermosets and materials derived from bio-based monomeric phenols: Transformations and performances. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Molina-Gutiérrez S, Dalle Vacche S, Vitale A, Ladmiral V, Caillol S, Bongiovanni R, Lacroix-Desmazes P. Photoinduced Polymerization of Eugenol-Derived Methacrylates. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153444. [PMID: 32751133 PMCID: PMC7435665 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biobased monomers have been used to replace their petroleum counterparts in the synthesis of polymers that are aimed at different applications. However, environmentally friendly polymerization processes are also essential to guarantee greener materials. Thus, photoinduced polymerization, which is low-energy consuming and solvent-free, rises as a suitable option. In this work, eugenol-, isoeugenol-, and dihydroeugenol-derived methacrylates are employed in radical photopolymerization to produce biobased polymers. The polymerization is monitored in the absence and presence of a photoinitiator and under air or protected from air, using Real-Time Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The polymerization rate of the methacrylate double bonds was affected by the presence and reactivity of the allyl and propenyl groups in the eugenol- and isoeugenol-derived methacrylates, respectively. These groups are involved in radical addition, degradative chain transfer, and termination reactions, yielding crosslinked polymers. The materials, in the form of films, are characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric, and contact angle analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Molina-Gutiérrez
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (S.M.-G.); (V.L.); (S.C.)
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (S.D.V.); (A.V.)
| | - Sara Dalle Vacche
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (S.D.V.); (A.V.)
| | - Alessandra Vitale
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (S.D.V.); (A.V.)
| | - Vincent Ladmiral
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (S.M.-G.); (V.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Sylvain Caillol
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (S.M.-G.); (V.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Roberta Bongiovanni
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (S.D.V.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (P.L.-D.)
| | - Patrick Lacroix-Desmazes
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (S.M.-G.); (V.L.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (P.L.-D.)
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16
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Eugenol-derived reconfigurable high-performance epoxy resin for self-deployable smart 3D structures. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Konuray O, Fernández-Francos X, De la Flor S, Ramis X, Serra À. The Use of Click-Type Reactions in the Preparation of Thermosets. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1084. [PMID: 32397509 PMCID: PMC7285069 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Click chemistry has emerged as an effective polymerization method to obtain thermosets with enhanced properties for advanced applications. In this article, commonly used click reactions have been reviewed, highlighting their advantages in obtaining homogeneous polymer networks. The basic concepts necessary to understand network formation via click reactions, together with their main characteristics, are explained comprehensively. Some of the advanced applications of thermosets obtained by this methodology are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Konuray
- Thermodynamics Laboratory, ETSEIB Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (O.K.); (X.F.-F.); (X.R.)
| | - Xavier Fernández-Francos
- Thermodynamics Laboratory, ETSEIB Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (O.K.); (X.F.-F.); (X.R.)
| | - Silvia De la Flor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Xavier Ramis
- Thermodynamics Laboratory, ETSEIB Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (O.K.); (X.F.-F.); (X.R.)
| | - Àngels Serra
- Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, c/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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18
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Vanillin-derived epoxy monomer for synthesis of bio-based epoxy thermosets: effect of functionality on thermal, mechanical, chemical and structural properties. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Moradipour M, Chase EK, Khan MA, Asare SO, Lynn BC, Rankin SE, Knutson BL. Interaction of lignin-derived dimer and eugenol-functionalized silica nanoparticles with supported lipid bilayers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 191:111028. [PMID: 32305621 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The potential to impart surfaces with specific lignin-like properties (i.e. resistance to microbes) remains relatively unexplored due to the lack of well-defined lignin-derived small molecules and corresponding surface functionalization strategies. Here, allyl-modified guaiacyl β-O-4 eugenol (G-eug) lignin-derived dimer is synthesized and attached to mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) via click chemistry. The ability of G-eug lignin-dimer functionalized particles to interact with and disrupt synthetic lipid bilayers is compared to that of eugenol, a known natural antimicrobial. Spherical MSNPs (∼150 nm diameter with 4.5 nm pores) were synthesized using surfactant templating. Post-synthesis thiol (SH) attachment was performed using (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane and quantified by Ellman's test. The resultant SH-MSNPs were conjugated with the G-eug dimers or eugenol by a thiol-ene reaction under ultraviolet light in the presence of a photo initiator. From thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), attachment densities of approximately 0.22 mmol eugenol/g particle and 0.13 mmol G-eug dimer/g particle were achieved. The interaction of the functionalized MSNPs with a phospholipid bilayers of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (representing model cell membranes) supported on gold surface was measured using Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Eugenol-grafted MSNPs in PBS (up to 1 mg/mL) associated with the bilayer and increased the mass adsorbed on the QCM-D sensor. In contrast, MSNPs functionalized with G-eug dimer show qualitatively different behavior, with more uptake and evidence of bilayer disruption at and above a particle concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. These results suggest that bio-inspired materials with conjugated lignin-derived small molecules can serve as a platform for novel antimicrobial coatings and therapeutic carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Moradipour
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Emily K Chase
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - M Arif Khan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Shardrack O Asare
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Bert C Lynn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Stephen E Rankin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States.
| | - Barbara L Knutson
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States.
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20
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Sticker D, Geczy R, Häfeli UO, Kutter JP. Thiol-Ene Based Polymers as Versatile Materials for Microfluidic Devices for Life Sciences Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:10080-10095. [PMID: 32048822 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
While there is a steady growth in the number of microfluidics applications, the search for an optimal material that delivers the diverse characteristics needed for the numerous tasks is still nowhere close to being settled. Often overlooked and still underrepresented, the thiol-ene family of polymer materials has an enormous potential for applications in organs-on-a-chip, droplet productions, microanalytics, and point of care testing. In this review, the main characteristics of the thiol-ene materials are given, and advantages and drawbacks with respect to their potential in microfluidic chip fabrication are critically assessed. Select applications, which exploit the versatility of the thiol-ene polymers, are presented and discussed. It is concluded that, in particular, the rapid prototyping possibility combined with the material's resulting mechanical strength, solvent resistance, and biocompatibility, as well as the inherently easy surface functionalization, are strong factors to make thiol-ene polymers strong contenders for promising future materials for many biological, clinical, and technical lab-on-a-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drago Sticker
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reka Geczy
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Urs O Häfeli
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jörg P Kutter
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Feng Y, Hu Y, Man L, Yuan T, Zhang C, Yang Z. Biobased thiol-epoxy shape memory networks from gallic acid and vegetable oils. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Guzmán D, Serra A, Ramis X, Fernández-Francos X, De la Flor S. Fully renewable thermosets based on bis-eugenol prepared by thiol-click chemistry. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Le D, Samart C, Kongparakul S, Nomura K. Synthesis of new polyesters by acyclic diene metathesis polymerization of bio-based α,ω-dienes prepared from eugenol and castor oil (undecenoate). RSC Adv 2019; 9:10245-10252. [PMID: 35520893 PMCID: PMC9062397 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01065c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of high molecular weight polymers by acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization of α,ω-diene prepared from bio-renewable eugenol and castor oil (undecenoate) has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Le
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Thammasat University
- Thailand
| | - Chanatip Samart
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Thammasat University
- Thailand
- Bioenergy and Biochemical Refinery Technology Program
| | - Suwadee Kongparakul
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Thammasat University
- Thailand
- Bioenergy and Biochemical Refinery Technology Program
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
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24
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Baillargeon P, Rahem T, Amigo C, Fortin D, Dory YL. Polar crystal of vanillylformamide through replacement of the alkene by an isosteric formamide group. IUCRDATA 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314618016309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanillylformamide [systematic name: N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)formamide], C9H11NO3, (II), has been synthesized from vanillylamine hydrochloride and studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound (II) and the well known biologically active eugenol compound (I) can be considered to be `isosteres' of each other, since they share comparable molecular shape and volume. The product (II) crystallizes in the space group P1. In the crystal, the vanillylformamide molecules are linked mainly by N—H...O, O—H...O and Csp
2—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming infinite two-dimensional polar sheets. These two-dimensional layers pack in a parallel fashion, constructing a polar three-dimensional network. Except for van der Waals forces and weak Csp
3—H...O hydrogen bonds, there are no significant intermolecular interactions between the layers. A Cambridge Structural Database search revealed that vanillylamide-related crystals are scarce.
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Photo-thermally cured eugenol-derived epoxy resins by simultaneous thiol-ene/thiol-epoxy/thiol-maleimide triple “click” reactions. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Le D, Samart C, Tsutsumi K, Nomura K, Kongparakul S. Efficient Conversion of Renewable Unsaturated Fatty Acid Methyl Esters by Cross-Metathesis with Eugenol. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:11041-11049. [PMID: 31459214 PMCID: PMC6645018 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cross-metathesis of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (methyl oleate (MO), methyl petroselinate (MP), and methyl erucate (ME), obtained from vegetable oils) with eugenol (obtained from clove oil) proceeded under green, mild conditions (in 2-propanol or ethanol at 50 °C) in the presence of a ruthenium-carbene catalyst (called a second-generation Grubbs catalyst). These metathesis reactions proceeded with both high conversion (>90% of MO, MP) and selectivity (>98%) even with low catalyst loading (0.1 mol % Ru).
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Le
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chanatip Samart
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Ken Tsutsumi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo
Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo
Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Suwadee Kongparakul
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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Kumar S, Krishnan S, Mohanty S, Nayak SK. Synthesis and characterization of petroleum and biobased epoxy resins: a review. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer Kumar
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials; Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology; Bhubaneswar Odisha India
| | - Sukhila Krishnan
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials; Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology; Bhubaneswar Odisha India
| | - Smita Mohanty
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials; Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology; Bhubaneswar Odisha India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Nayak
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials; Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology; Bhubaneswar Odisha India
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Effect of Selected Thiols on Cross-Linking of Acrylated Epoxidized Soybean Oil and Properties of Resulting Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10040439. [PMID: 30966474 PMCID: PMC6415230 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the chemical structure and functionality of three structurally different thiols on the cross-linking of acrylated epoxidized soybean oil and on the properties of the resulting polymers was investigated in this study. 1,3-Benzenedithiol, pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), and an hexathiol synthesized from squalene were used in the cross-linking of acrylated epoxidized soybean oil by thiol⁻Michael addition reaction. The reactivity of thiols determined from calorimetric curves followed the order: 1,3-benzenedithiol > pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate) > hexathiolated squalene. Thermal and mechanical properties and the swelling in different solvents of the cross-linked polymers were studied. The cross-linked polymer obtained from 1,3-benzenedithiol showed the highest swelling values in chloroform and toluene. The cross-linked polymer with pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate) fragments showed the best mechanical performance (highest mechanical strength and Young's modulus) and thermal stability. The cross-linked polymers from hexathiolated squalene showed the highest glass transition temperature.
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