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Zhao W, Yang X, Li L. Soy Protein-Based Wound Dressings: A Review of Their Preparation, Properties, and Perspectives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39058925 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Wound healing is a major challenge worldwide, and people have been researching wound dressings that can promote wound healing for decades. Natural biobased materials, such as polysaccharides and proteins, have been widely used in the development of wound dressings. Among them, soy protein-based materials have attracted the interest of a wide range of researchers due to their safety, biocompatibility, controlled degradation, and ability to be mixed with other materials. However, there has been a lack of comments on these soy protein-based wound dressings. This work reviews various forms of soy protein-based wound dressings, such as hydrogels, films, and others, which could be prepared through physical/chemical cross-linking with synthetic or natural polymers. The important role played by soy protein-based materials in the wound healing phase and their properties will be examined, such as their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, angiogenesis-promoting, cellular biocompatibility, self-healing ability, adhesion, antimicrobial, and tunable mechanical properties. Additionally, insights into the market prospects and trends for soy protein dressings are provided, clarifying the enormous development potential of soy protein as a new type of wound repair material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Liang Li
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
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2
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Li XF, Lu P, Jia HR, Li G, Zhu B, Wang X, Wu FG. Emerging materials for hemostasis. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Wang X, Tang M. Bioceramic materials with ion-mediated multifunctionality for wound healing. SMART MEDICINE 2022; 1:e20220032. [PMID: 39188732 PMCID: PMC11235610 DOI: 10.1002/smmd.20220032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Regeneration of both anatomic and functional integrity of the skin tissues after injury represents a huge challenge considering the sophisticated healing process and variability of specific wounds. In the past decades, numerous efforts have been made to construct bioceramic-based wound dressing materials with ion-mediated multifunctionality for facilitating the healing process. In this review, the state-of-the-art progress on bioceramic materials with ion-mediated bioactivity for wound healing is summarized. Followed by a brief discussion on the bioceramic materials with ion-mediated biological activities, the emerging bioceramic-based materials are highlighted for wound healing applications owing to their ion-mediated bioactivities, including anti-infection function, angiogenic activity, improved skin appendage regeneration, antitumor effect, and so on. Finally, concluding remarks and future perspectives of bioceramic-based wound dressing materials for clinical practice are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Wang
- Department of NanoEngineeringUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Min Tang
- Department of NanoEngineeringUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
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4
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Kaur M, Santhiya D. Fabrication of soy film with in-situ mineralized bioactive glass as a functional food for bone health. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Jin B, Liu X, Liang W, Li Q, Yan J, Han Z. Preparation, physicochemical characteristics and bioactivity evaluation of pitaya peel extract/soy protein nanocomposite film containing zinc oxide nanoparticles by photocatalysis. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Jin
- School of Food & Science Engineering Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang 524048 China
| | - Xunqi Liu
- School of Food & Science Engineering Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang 524048 China
| | - Wanying Liang
- School of Food & Science Engineering Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang 524048 China
| | - Qiyong Li
- School of Food & Science Engineering Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang 524048 China
| | - JingKun Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering & Energy Technology Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Zhiping Han
- School of Food & Science Engineering Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang 524048 China
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6
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Yao F, Gao Y, Chen F, Du Y. Preparation and properties of electrospun peanut protein isolate/poly-l-lactic acid nanofibers. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Ke M, Wang Z, Dong Q, Chen F, He L, Huselstein C, Wang X, Chen Y. Facile fabrication of soy protein isolate-functionalized nanofibers with enhanced biocompatibility and hemostatic effect on full-thickness skin injury. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:15743-15754. [PMID: 34528655 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03430h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Extensive full-thickness skin defect lacks self-healing ability. Tissue engineering wound dressing is considered as the most promising approach to promote wound healing. In this study, a series of biocompatible and hemostatic nanofiber dressings were fabricated. Soy protein isolate (SPI) and poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) solutions were mixed in certain proportions for high-voltage electrospinning. The obtained products were coded as SPNF-n (n = 100, 80, 60 and 40, corresponding to the weight percentage of PLLA solution). We found that SPNF-n (n = 100, 80, 60 and 40) could facilitate the adhesion and spread of L929 cells. In particular, SPNF-80 was capable of promoting fibroblast proliferation and diminishing inflammation. Compared with the neat PLLA film (SPNF-100), the biosafety and hemostatic effect of SPNF-80 got significantly improved. The hemostatic effect of SPNF-80 was comparable with that of a commercial gelatin sponge. In vivo wound healing assay demonstrated that SPNF-80 could accelerate the wound healing process by enhancing vascularization, re-epithelization and collagen formation. In conclusion, our results reveal that SPNF-n has good biocompatibility and hemostatic effect, and exhibits great application potential in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Ke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China.
| | - Zijian Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China.
- Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center in Hubei, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Qi Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China.
| | - Feixiang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China.
| | - Liu He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China.
| | - Céline Huselstein
- UMR 7365 CNRS, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle, Université de Lorraine, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China.
- Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center in Hubei, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China.
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Mehra S, Nisar S, Chauhan S, Singh G, Singh V, Rattan S. A dual stimuli responsive natural polymer based superabsorbent hydrogel engineered through a novel cross-linker. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01729a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An intelligent dual stimuli (pH and thermo) responsive, highly porous grafted SPI hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Mehra
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences
- Amity University Uttar Pradesh
- Noida 201303
- India
- Jubilant Biosys Limited
| | - Safiya Nisar
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences
- Amity University Uttar Pradesh
- Noida 201303
- India
| | - Sonal Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences
- Amity University Uttar Pradesh
- Noida 201303
- India
| | - Gurmeet Singh
- Light Stock Processing Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum
- Dehradun
- India
| | - Virender Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Central University of Punjab
- Bathinda
- India
| | - Sunita Rattan
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences
- Amity University Uttar Pradesh
- Noida 201303
- India
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Kumar SSD, Abrahamse H. Advancement of Nanobiomaterials to Deliver Natural Compounds for Tissue Engineering Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6752. [PMID: 32942542 PMCID: PMC7555266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancement in nanotechnology has provided a wide range of benefits in the biological sciences, especially in the field of tissue engineering and wound healing. Nanotechnology provides an easy process for designing nanocarrier-based biomaterials for the purpose and specific needs of tissue engineering applications. Naturally available medicinal compounds have unique clinical benefits, which can be incorporated into nanobiomaterials and enhance their applications in tissue engineering. The choice of using natural compounds in tissue engineering improves treatment modalities and can deal with side effects associated with synthetic drugs. In this review article, we focus on advances in the use of nanobiomaterials to deliver naturally available medicinal compounds for tissue engineering application, including the types of biomaterials, the potential role of nanocarriers, and the various effects of naturally available medicinal compounds incorporated scaffolds in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
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Mehrabi T, Mesgar AS, Mohammadi Z. Bioactive Glasses: A Promising Therapeutic Ion Release Strategy for Enhancing Wound Healing. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5399-5430. [PMID: 33320556 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The morbidity, mortality, and burden of burn victims and patients with severe diabetic wounds are still high, which leads to an extensively growing demand for novel treatments with high clinical efficacy. Biomaterial-based wound treatment approaches have progressed over time from simple cotton wool dressings to advanced skin substitutes containing cells and growth factors; however, no wound care approach is yet completely satisfying. Bioactive glasses are materials with potential in many areas that exhibit unique features in biomedical applications. Today, bioactive glasses are not only amorphous solid structures that can be used as a substitute in hard tissue but also are promising materials for soft tissue regeneration and wound healing applications. Biologically active elements such as Ag, B, Ca, Ce, Co, Cu, Ga, Mg, Se, Sr, and Zn can be incorporated in glass networks; hence, the superiority of these multifunctional materials over current materials results from their ability to release multiple therapeutic ions in the wound environment, which target different stages of the wound healing process. Bioactive glasses and their dissolution products have high potency for inducing angiogenesis and exerting several biological impacts on cell functions, which are involved in wound healing and some other features that are valuable in wound healing applications, namely hemostatic and antibacterial properties. In this review, we focus on skin structure, the dynamic process of wound healing in injured skin, and existing wound care approaches. The basic concepts of bioactive glasses are reviewed to better understand the relationship between glass structure and its properties. We illustrate the active role of bioactive glasses in wound repair and regeneration. Finally, research studies that have used bioactive glasses in wound healing applications are summarized and the future trends in this field are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Mehrabi
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran
| | - Abdorreza S Mesgar
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohammadi
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran
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11
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Mehra S, Nisar S, Chauhan S, Singh V, Rattan S. Soy Protein-Based Hydrogel under Microwave-Induced Grafting of Acrylic Acid and 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)butanoic Acid: A Potential Vehicle for Controlled Drug Delivery in Oral Cavity Bacterial Infections. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21610-21622. [PMID: 32905438 PMCID: PMC7469417 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate grafted soy protein isolate (SPI) for pharmaceutical applications. The present work reports the microwave-assisted preparation of soy protein isolate\grafted[acrylic acid-co-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butanoic acid] [SPI-g-(AA-co-HPBA)] hydrogel via graft copolymerization using N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide and potassium persulphate as the cross-linker and initiator, respectively. The chemical and physical properties of the synthesized polymeric hydrogels were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS), nuclear magnetic resonance 1H-NMR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The SEM, TEM, and XRD analyses have confirmed the formation of hydrogel SPI-g-(AA-co-HPBA) with the network structure having a layered and crystalline surface. The SPI-g-(AA-co-HPBA) hydrogel was investigated for the sustained and controlled drug delivery system for the release of model drug ciprofloxacin at basic pH for its utilization against bacterial infection in oral cavity. The drug release profile for SPI-g-(AA-co-HPBA) hydrogels was studied using LCMS at the ppb level at pH = 7.4. The synthesized hydrogel was found to be noncytotoxic, polycrystalline in nature with a network structure having good porosity, increased thermal stability, and pH-responsive behavior. The hydrogel has potential to be used as the vehicle for controlled drug delivery in oral cavity bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Mehra
- Amity
Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University
Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201303, India
- Jubilant
Chemsys Limited, B-34
Sector-58, Noida 201301, India
| | - Safiya Nisar
- Amity
Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University
Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201303, India
| | - Sonal Chauhan
- Amity
Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University
Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201303, India
| | - Virender Singh
- School
of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University
of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Sunita Rattan
- Amity
Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University
Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201303, India
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12
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Gritsch L, Liverani L, Lovell C, Boccaccini AR. Polycaprolactone Electrospun Fiber Mats Prepared Using Benign Solvents: Blending with Copper(II)‐Chitosan Increases the Secretion of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in a Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Line. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e1900355. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Gritsch
- Institute of BiomaterialsUniversity of Erlangen‐Nuremberg Cauerstraße 6 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Lucideon Ltd. Queens Road, Penkhull Stoke‐on‐Trent Staffordshire ST4 7LQ UK
| | - Liliana Liverani
- Institute of BiomaterialsUniversity of Erlangen‐Nuremberg Cauerstraße 6 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christopher Lovell
- Lucideon Ltd. Queens Road, Penkhull Stoke‐on‐Trent Staffordshire ST4 7LQ UK
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of BiomaterialsUniversity of Erlangen‐Nuremberg Cauerstraße 6 91058 Erlangen Germany
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Jahangirian H, Azizi S, Rafiee-Moghaddam R, Baratvand B, Webster TJ. Status of Plant Protein-Based Green Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine Applications. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E619. [PMID: 31627453 PMCID: PMC6843632 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, regenerative medicine has merited substantial attention from scientific and research communities. One of the essential requirements for this new strategy in medicine is the production of biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds with desirable geometric structures and mechanical properties. Despite such promise, it appears that regenerative medicine is the last field to embrace green, or environmentally-friendly, processes, as many traditional tissue engineering materials employ toxic solvents and polymers that are clearly not environmentally friendly. Scaffolds fabricated from plant proteins (for example, zein, soy protein, and wheat gluten), possess proper mechanical properties, remarkable biocompatibility and aqueous stability which make them appropriate green biomaterials for regenerative medicine applications. The use of plant-derived proteins in regenerative medicine has been especially inspired by green medicine, which is the use of environmentally friendly materials in medicine. In the current review paper, the literature is reviewed and summarized for the applicability of plant proteins as biopolymer materials for several green regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jahangirian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Susan Azizi
- Applied Science and Technology Education Center of Ahvaz Municipality, Ahvaz 617664343, Iran.
| | - Roshanak Rafiee-Moghaddam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Bahram Baratvand
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health and Sport, Mahsa University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarum Selangor 42610, Malaysia.
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Mansoori E, Behzad T, Shafieizadegan‐Esfahani AR. Preparation and characterization of corn starch/soy protein biocomposite film reinforced with graphene and graphene oxide nanoplatelets. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Mansoori
- Department of Polymer EngineeringIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156‐83111 Iran
| | - Tayebeh Behzad
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156‐83111 Iran
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Tansaz S, Singh R, Cicha I, Boccaccini AR. Soy Protein-Based Composite Hydrogels: Physico-Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Cytocompatibility. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1159. [PMID: 30961084 PMCID: PMC6403688 DOI: 10.3390/polym10101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel composite hydrogels based on the combination of alginate (Alg), soy protein isolate (SPI) and bioactive glass (BG) nanoparticles were developed for soft tissue engineering. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and normal human dermal fibroblasts were cultivated on hydrogels for 7, 14 and 21 days. Cell morphology was visualized using fluorescent staining at Days 7 and 14 for fibroblast cells and Days 14 and 21 for HUVEC. Metabolic activity of cells was analyzed using a colorimetric assay (water soluble tetrazolium (WST) assay). Compared to pure Alg, Alg/SPI and Alg/SPI/BG provided superior surfaces for both types of cells, supporting their attachment, growth, spreading and metabolic activity. Fibroblasts showed better colonization and growth on Alg/SPI/BG hydrogels compared to Alg/SPI hydrogels. The results indicate that such novel composite hydrogels might find applications in soft tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Tansaz
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Raminder Singh
- Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine, ENT-Department, University Hospital Erlangen University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Iwona Cicha
- Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine, ENT-Department, University Hospital Erlangen University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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