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Veeramanoharan A, Kim SC. A comprehensive review on sustainable surfactants from CNSL: chemistry, key applications and research perspectives. RSC Adv 2024; 14:25429-25471. [PMID: 39139242 PMCID: PMC11320967 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04684f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Surfactants, a group of amphiphilic molecules (i.e. with hydrophobic(water insoluble) as well as hydrophilic(water soluble) properties) can modulate interfacial tension. Currently, the majority of surfactants depend on petrochemical feedstocks (such as oil and gas). However, deployment of these petrochemical surfactants produces high toxicity and also has poor biodegradability which can cause more environmental issues. To address these concerns, the current research is moving toward natural resources to produce sustainable surfactants. Among the available natural resources, Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) is the preferred choice for industrial scenarios to meet their goals of sustainability. CNSL is an oil extracted from non-edible cashew nut shells, which doesn't affect the food supply chain. The unique structural properties and diverse range of use cases of CNSL are key to developing eco-friendly surfactants that replace petro-based surfactants. Against this backdrop, this article discusses various state-of-the-art developments in key cardanol-based surfactants such as anionic, cationic, non-ionic, and zwitterionic. In addition to this, the efficiency and characteristics of these surfactants are also analyzed and compared with those of the synthetic surfactants (petro-based). Furthermore, the present paper also focuses on various market aspects and different applications in various industries. Finally, this article describes various future research perspectives including Artificial Intelligence technology which, of late, is having a huge impact on society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashokkumar Veeramanoharan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University 77 Jeongneung-ro, Sungbuk-Gu Seoul 02707 Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Chan Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University 77 Jeongneung-ro, Sungbuk-Gu Seoul 02707 Republic of Korea
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Ji Z, Gong D, Zhu M, Yang J, Bao Y, Wang Z, Xu M. Mussel-inspired adhesive and anti-swelling hydrogels for underwater strain sensing. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:629-639. [PMID: 38163997 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01503c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The application of hydrogels in an underwater environment is limited due to their swelling behavior and the existence of a hydration layer. In this study, a hydrogel based on poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA), tannic acid (TA) and montmorillonite (MMT) was prepared with excellent anti-swelling properties and underwater self-adhesion properties. The PSBMA hydrogel has excellent anti-swelling properties due to the strong electrostatic interaction between charged groups of PSBMA chains. Inspired by marine mussels, tannic acid modified montmorillonite (TA@MMT) was introduced. Natural polyphenol tannic acid, as a catechol donor, provides a large number of catechol groups for hydrogels. Montmorillonite acts as the physical cross-linking point of PSBMA chains through electrostatic interaction to improve the cohesion of the hydrogel. By combining the adhesion mechanism of zwitterions and catechol, the hydrogel maintains adhesion in air and underwater environments. In addition, a strain sensor was prepared based on the PSBMA/TA@MMT hydrogel, which can closely fit the human skin and stably monitor different movements in air and in underwater environments. Through a Bluetooth communication system, long-distance information transmission can be achieved. Therefore, the PSBMA/TA@MMT hydrogel broadens the application prospect of wearable devices in the underwater environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiao Ji
- School of Physics and Electronic Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Dianjinfeng Gong
- School of Physics and Electronic Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Mengni Zhu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Yueyue Bao
- School of Physics and Electronic Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Zihui Wang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Min Xu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Xia X, Yuan X, Zhang G, Su Z. Antifouling Surfaces Based on Polyzwitterion Loop Brushes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:47520-47530. [PMID: 37773963 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Antifouling surfaces have attracted increasing interest in recent years due to their potential application in various fields. In this work, we report a loop polyzwitterionic coating that exhibits excellent resistance to protein adsorption. Triblock and diblock copolymers of 2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)disulfanyl]ethyl methacrylate) (HSEMA) and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (DMAEMA) were synthesized by atom-transferred radical polymerization, followed by betainization of the DMAEMA block with 1,3-propane sultone and reduction of the disulfide bond in HSEMA to yield a triblock copolymer comprising a zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) midblock and poly(2-sulfanylethyl methacrylate) (PSEMA) terminal blocks as well as its diblock analogue that was of the same composition as the former and half the chain length. Both copolymers adsorbed to the gold substrate via the thiol groups in the terminal PSEMA block(s), creating loop and linear PSBMA brush coatings of comparable thickness, as revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ellipsometry. Adsorption of bovine serum albumin and fibrinogen as model proteins from solution to these surfaces was investigated by a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and platelet and bacterial adhesions were assessed by scanning electron microscopy and CLSM. The results demonstrate that both linear and loop polyzwitterion brushes are excellent in resisting the adsorption of the foulants, and the loop brushes are superior to the linear analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaodie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Zhang D, Zhao S, Rong Z, Zhang K, Gao C, Wu Y, Liu Y. Silicone low surface energy antifouling coating modified by zwitterionic side chains with strong substrate adhesion. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Roy A, Fajardie P, Lepoittevin B, Baudoux J, Lapinte V, Caillol S, Briou B. CNSL, a Promising Building Blocks for Sustainable Molecular Design of Surfactants: A Critical Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041443. [PMID: 35209231 PMCID: PMC8876098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactants are crystallizing a certain focus for consumer interest, and their market is still expected to grow by 4 to 5% each year. Most of the time these surfactants are of petroleum origin and are not often biodegradable. Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) is a promising non-edible renewable resource, directly extracted from the shell of the cashew nut. The interesting structure of CNSL and its components (cardanol, anacardic acid and cardol) lead to the synthesis of biobased surfactants. Indeed, non-ionic, anionic, cationic and zwitterionic surfactants based on CNSL have been reported in the literature. Even now, CNSL is absent or barely mentioned in specialized review or chapters talking about synthetic biobased surfactants. Thus, this review focuses on CNSL as a building block for the synthesis of surfactants. In the first part, it describes and criticizes the synthesis of molecules and in the second part, it compares the efficiency and the properties (CMC, surface tension, kraft temperature, biodegradability) of the obtained products with each other and with commercial ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Roy
- Orpia Innovation, CNRS, Bâtiment Chimie Balard, 1919 Route de Mendes, 34000 Montpellier, France;
| | - Pauline Fajardie
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (P.F.); (V.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Bénédicte Lepoittevin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thio-Organique (LCMT), Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, UMR CNRS 6507, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France; (B.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Jérôme Baudoux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thio-Organique (LCMT), Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, UMR CNRS 6507, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France; (B.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Vincent Lapinte
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (P.F.); (V.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Sylvain Caillol
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (P.F.); (V.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Benoit Briou
- Orpia Innovation, CNRS, Bâtiment Chimie Balard, 1919 Route de Mendes, 34000 Montpellier, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-6-32-83-21-76
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Zhang J, Qian S, Chen L, Wu M, Cai Y, Mou X, Feng J. Antifouling and antibacterial zwitterionic hydrogels as soft contact lens against ocular bacterial infections. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Morphological and spectroscopical characterization of hyperbranched polyamidoamine–zwitterionic chitosan-encapsulated 5-FU anticancer drug. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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