1
|
Pascual-Jose B, De la Flor S, Serra A, Ribes-Greus A. Analysis of Poly(thiourethane) Covalent Adaptable Network through Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:1125-1134. [PMID: 36817338 PMCID: PMC9926874 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c01543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The dielectric spectra of the poly(thiourethane) network, HDI-S3, have been analyzed to know the nature and the cooperativity of each of the six dielectric processes observed. At low temperatures, γ1, γ2, and β dielectric relaxations were attributed to noncooperative local motions in the glassy state, in which apparent activation energies are 30, 36, and 60 kJ·mol-1, respectively. At higher temperatures, three dielectric relaxations are observed (αTg, α*, ρ). The αTg relaxation is attributed to the glass transition, and it is overlapped with the α* relaxation. The molecular origin of α* relaxation is associated with the bond exchange reaction. Finally, the ρ relaxation is ascribed to the heterogeneity of the sample although its origin is uncertain. The DC conductivity (σDC) is found to be an appropriate variable to analyze the bond exchange reaction. Accordingly, the HDI-S3 has a molecular exchange mechanism of dissociative nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. Pascual-Jose
- Institute
of Technology of Materials (ITM), Universitat
Politècnica de València (UPV), Camí de Vera, s/n, 46022València, Spain
| | - S. De la Flor
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira
i Virgili (URV), Av. Països Catalans, 26, 43007Tarragona, Spain
| | - A. Serra
- Department
of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Universitat
Rovira i Virgili (URV), C/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007Tarragona, Spain
| | - A. Ribes-Greus
- Institute
of Technology of Materials (ITM), Universitat
Politècnica de València (UPV), Camí de Vera, s/n, 46022València, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Capkova T, Hanulikova B, Sevcik J, Urbanek P, Antos J, Urbanek M, Kuritka I. Incorporation of the New anti-Octadecaborane Laser Dyes into Thin Polymer Films: A Temperature-Dependent Photoluminescence and Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158832. [PMID: 35955965 PMCID: PMC9368784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New anti-octadecaborane(22) laser dyes have been recently introduced. However, their application in solid thin films is limited, despite being very desirable for electronics. Spectroscopic methods, photoluminescence (PL), and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), are here used to reveal structural responses to a temperature change in thin polymer films made of π- and σ-conjugated and non-conjugated polymers and anti-octadecaborane(22) and its tetra-alkylatedderivatives. It has been observed that borane clusters are not firmly fixed within polymer matrices and that their ability for diffusion out of the polymer film is unprecedented, especially at higher temperatures. This ability is related to thermodynamic transitions of polymer macromolecular chains. PL and IRRAS spectra have revealed a clear correlation with β-transition and α-transition of polymers. The influence of structure and molecular weight of a polymer and the concentration and the substitution type of clusters on mobility of borane clusters within the polymer matrix is demonstrated. A solution is proposed that led to an improvement of the temperature stability of films by 45 °C. The well-known spectroscopic methods have proved to be powerful tools for a non-routine description of the temperature behavior of both borane clusters and polymer matrices.
Collapse
|
3
|
Santiago D, Serra À. Enhancement of Epoxy Thermosets with Hyperbranched and Multiarm Star Polymers: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2228. [PMID: 35683901 PMCID: PMC9182725 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperbranched polymers and multiarm star polymers are a type of dendritic polymers which have attracted substantial interest during the last 30 years because of their unique properties. They can be used to modify epoxy thermosets to increase their toughness and flexibility but without adversely affecting other properties such as reactivity or thermal properties. In addition, the final properties of materials can be tailored by modifying the structure, molecular weight, or type of functional end-groups of the hyperbranched and multiarm star polymers. In this review, we focus on the modification of epoxy-based thermosets with hyperbranched and multiarm star polymers in terms of the effect on the curing process of epoxy formulations, thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties, and their advantages in fire retardancy on the final thermosets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Santiago
- Eurecat–Chemical Technologies Unit, C/Marcel·lí Domingo 2, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Àngels Serra
- Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rahman M, Ali A, Sjöholm E, Soindinsalo S, Wilén CE, Bansal KK, Rosenholm JM. Significance of Polymers with “Allyl” Functionality in Biomedicine: An Emerging Class of Functional Polymers. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040798. [PMID: 35456632 PMCID: PMC9025249 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, polymer-based advanced drug delivery and tissue engineering have grown and expanded steadily. At present, most of the polymeric research has focused on improving existing polymers or developing new biomaterials with tunable properties. Polymers with free functional groups offer the diverse characteristics needed for optimal tissue regeneration and controlled drug delivery. Allyl-terminated polymers, characterized by the presence of a double bond, are a unique class of polymers. These polymers allow the insertion of a broad diversity of architectures and functionalities via different chemical reactions. In this review article, we shed light on various synthesis methodologies utilized for generating allyl-terminated polymers, macromonomers, and polymer precursors, as well as their post-synthesis modifications. In addition, the biomedical applications of these polymers reported in the literature, such as targeted and controlled drug delivery, improvement i aqueous solubility and stability of drugs, tissue engineering, and antimicrobial coatings, are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mijanur Rahman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland; (M.R.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (S.S.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Aurum, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland;
| | - Aliaa Ali
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland; (M.R.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Erica Sjöholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland; (M.R.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sebastian Soindinsalo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland; (M.R.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Carl-Eric Wilén
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Aurum, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland;
| | - Kuldeep Kumar Bansal
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland; (M.R.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (S.S.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Aurum, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland;
- Correspondence: (K.K.B.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Jessica M. Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland; (M.R.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (K.K.B.); (J.M.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yan S, Zeizinger H, Merten C, Schmauder S. In‐situ investigation of dielectric properties and reaction kinetics of a glass‐fiber‐reinforced epoxy composite material using dielectric analysis. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yan
- Institute for Materials Testing, Materials Science and Strength of Materials University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | - Harald Zeizinger
- Institute for Materials Testing, Materials Science and Strength of Materials University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | - Clemens Merten
- Institute of Chemical Process Engineering University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | - Siegfried Schmauder
- Institute for Materials Testing, Materials Science and Strength of Materials University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Molecular Mobility in Oriented and Unoriented Membranes Based on Poly[2-(Aziridin-1-yl)ethanol]. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071060. [PMID: 33800553 PMCID: PMC8036756 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unoriented and oriented membranes based on dendronized polymers and copolymers obtained by chemical modification of poly[2-(aziridin-1-yl) ethanol] (PAZE) with the dendron 3,4,5-tris[4-(n-dodecan-1-yloxy)benzyloxy]benzoate were considered. DSC, XRD, CP-MAS NMR and DETA, contribute to characterize the tendency to crystallize, the molecular mobility of the benzyloxy substituent, the dendritic liquid crystalline group and the clearing transition. The orientation of the mesogenic chain somewhat hindered this molecular motion, especially in the full substituted PAZE. The fragility, free volume and thermal expansion coefficients of these membranes near the glass transition are related to the orientation and the addition of the dendritic groups. PAZE-based membranes combine both order and mobility on a supramolecular and macroscopic level, controlled by the dendritic group and the thermal orientation, and open the possibility of preparing membranes with proper channel mobility that promotes selective ionic transport.
Collapse
|
7
|
Badia J, Teruel-Juanes R, Echegoyen Y, Torres-Giner S, Lagarón J, Ribes-Greus A. Effect of graphene nanoplatelets on the dielectric permittivity and segmental motions of electrospun poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) nanofibers. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
8
|
Konuray O, Fernández-Francos X, De la Flor S, Ramis X, Serra À. The Use of Click-Type Reactions in the Preparation of Thermosets. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1084. [PMID: 32397509 PMCID: PMC7285069 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Click chemistry has emerged as an effective polymerization method to obtain thermosets with enhanced properties for advanced applications. In this article, commonly used click reactions have been reviewed, highlighting their advantages in obtaining homogeneous polymer networks. The basic concepts necessary to understand network formation via click reactions, together with their main characteristics, are explained comprehensively. Some of the advanced applications of thermosets obtained by this methodology are also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osman Konuray
- Thermodynamics Laboratory, ETSEIB Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (O.K.); (X.F.-F.); (X.R.)
| | - Xavier Fernández-Francos
- Thermodynamics Laboratory, ETSEIB Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (O.K.); (X.F.-F.); (X.R.)
| | - Silvia De la Flor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Xavier Ramis
- Thermodynamics Laboratory, ETSEIB Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (O.K.); (X.F.-F.); (X.R.)
| | - Àngels Serra
- Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, c/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|