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Sagar S, Nath P, Ray A, Sarkar A, Panda TK. Crafting sustainable solutions: architecting biodegradable copolymers through controlled ring-opening copolymerization. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38973394 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01054j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer with versatile applications in packaging and medicine. It is derived from lactic acid and thus represents an eco-friendly option sourced from renewable raw materials. Despite its advantages, PLA exhibits few drawbacks, such as brittleness and relatively high melting and glass transition temperatures. However, these limitations can be addressed through copolymerization with other monomers like ε-caprolactone (ε-CL), resulting in a composite material with improved physical properties. This paper comprehensively reviews achievements in PLA-PCL copolymerization using organometallic catalysts, discussing scientific findings and various copolymer architectures obtained, including random or block configurations. It also demonstrates various sustainable catalysts for achieving the required microstructure under mild reaction conditions without the aid of any external initiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi - 502 284, Sangareddy, Telangana, India.
| | - Priyanku Nath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi - 502 284, Sangareddy, Telangana, India.
| | - Aranya Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi - 502 284, Sangareddy, Telangana, India.
| | - Alok Sarkar
- Momentive Performance Materials Pvt. Ltd, Survey No. 09, Hosur Road, Electronic City (West), Bangalore-560100, India
| | - Tarun K Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi - 502 284, Sangareddy, Telangana, India.
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Xia D, Li H, Li T, Ma H. Isoselective Polymerization of rac-Lactide by Magnesium Initiators Bearing Achiral Di(2-pyridyl)methyl Substituted Aminophenolate Ligands. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37377247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of achiral di(2-pyridyl)methyl substituted aminophenols L1-6H (2-{N-R3-N-[di(2-pyridyl)methyl]aminomethyl}-4-R1-6-R2-C6H2OH: R1 = R2 = tBu, R3 = nBu (L1H), R3 = nhexyl (L2H), R3 = cyclohexyl (L3H); R1 = R2 = cumyl, R3 = nBu (L4H), R3 = nhexyl (L5H), R3 = cyclohexyl (L6H)) with {Mg[N(SiMe3)2]2}2 ([L1-6H]:[Mg] = 1:1) afforded a series of magnesium silylamido complexes 1-6. In the solid state, the magnesium center of 3, 4, and 6 is penta-coordinated by the tetradentate aminophenloate ligand and one silylamido ligand to form a seriously distorted square-pyramidal geometry as confirmed by X-ray crystallography diffraction analysis. VT 1H NMR and ROESY experiments further indicate that these magnesium complexes are also five-coordinated in solutions where the coordination of either of the two pyridyl pendants to the magnesium center is maintained. Complexes 1-6 are highly active toward the ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide (rac-LA) at r.t. both in toluene and in tetrahydrofuran, capable of polymerizing 500 equiv of monomer to high conversions just within minutes. Among them, complex 3 exhibited the highest iso-stereoselectivity, affording moderately isotactic polylactide in toluene (Pm = 0.75). It is found that the isoselectivities and activities of these magnesium complexes toward the polymerization of rac-LA are closely associated with the substituents at the ortho-position of the phenoxide unit and on the skeleton nitrogen atom of the ligand. On the basis of NMR spectroscopic studies, the formation of isotactic PLAs with dominant stereoblock sequences was witnessed by using these magnesium complexes as initiators, and the inequivalent coordination of two pyridyl pendant arms in these magnesium complexes might be the source of exerting isoselective control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Hehua Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Tang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
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3
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Ring opening polymerization of lactide promoted by Zinc and Magnesium complexes with a N-heterocyclic carbene-phenoxy-imine hybrid non-innocent ligand. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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4
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Wang L, Lu Y, Zhang L, Fang H, Zhang X, Li Y. Synthesis, structures, and catalytic activity toward the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone of zinc complexes supported by β-diketiminate ligands with a large aryl group. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hashmi OH, Capet F, Visseaux M, Champouret Y. Homoleptic and Heteroleptic Substituted Amidomethylpyridine Iron Complexes: Synthesis, Structure and Polymerization of rac‐Lactide. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Obaid H. Hashmi
- Universite de Lille Faculte des Sciences et Technologies UMR 8181 Campus Scientifique 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq FRANCE
| | - Frederic Capet
- Universite de Lille Faculte des Sciences et Technologies UMR 8181 Campus Scientifique 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq FRANCE
| | - Marc Visseaux
- Universite de Lille Faculte des Sciences et Technologies UMR 8181 Campus Scientifique 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq FRANCE
| | - Yohan Champouret
- Universite de Lille Faculte des Sciences et Technologies UMR 8181 Campus Scientifique 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq FRANCE
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Cao F, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhang W, Solan GA, Wang R, Ma Y, Hao X, Sun WH. Zinc 8-aminotrihydroquinolines appended with pendant N-diphenylphosphinoethyl arms as exceptionally active catalysts for the ROP of ε-CL. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00979j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Through activation with LiCH2SiMe3 or LiN(SiMe3)2, zinc(ii) chloride complexes bearing 5,6,7-trihydroquinolin-8-amines appended with pendant diphenyl phosphine units displayed remarkable catalytic activity for ROP of ε-caprolactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Gregory A. Solan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Rui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wen-Hua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Santulli F, Lamberti M, Mazzeo M. A Single Catalyst for Promoting Reverse Processes: Synthesis and Chemical Degradation of Polylactide. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:5470-5475. [PMID: 34612598 PMCID: PMC9298063 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A simple zinc catalyst showing high activity for both the synthesis of polylactide, a biodegradable polymer produced from renewable feedstock, and its degradation was described. In the ring-opening polymerization of lactides, the zinc catalyst showed one of the highest activities reported in the literature for reactions carried out in solution at room temperature. This excellent performance was preserved even when the process was performed under industrial conditions: at high temperature, in the absence of solvent, and by using a low catalyst loading with unpurified monomers. The same complex revealed high efficiency also in depolymerization of polylactide by alcoholysis, a process that occurred efficiently at room temperature and in the absence of solvent, conditions that reduce costs and guarantee low environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Santulli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”University of Salernovia Giovanni Paolo IISA 132-84084FiscianoItaly
| | - Marina Lamberti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”University of Salernovia Giovanni Paolo IISA 132-84084FiscianoItaly
| | - Mina Mazzeo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”University of Salernovia Giovanni Paolo IISA 132-84084FiscianoItaly
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Efficient Bulky Organo-Zinc Scorpionates for the Stereoselective Production of Poly( rac-lactide)s. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142356. [PMID: 34301114 PMCID: PMC8309543 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct reaction of the highly sterically demanding acetamidinate-based NNN'-scorpionate protioligand Hphbptamd [Hphbptamd = N,N'-di-p-tolylbis(3,5-di-tertbutylpyrazole-1-yl)acetamidine] with one equiv. of ZnMe2 proceeds in high yield to the mononuclear alkyl zinc complex [ZnMe(κ3-phbptamd)] (1). Alternatively, the treatment of the corresponding lithium precursor [Li(phbptamd)(THF)] with ZnCl2 yielded the halide complex [ZnCl(κ3-phbptamd)] (2). The X-ray crystal structure of 1 confirmed unambiguously a mononuclear entity in these complexes, with the zinc centre arranged with a pseudotetrahedral environment and the scorpionate ligand in a κ3-coordination mode. Interestingly, the inexpensive, low-toxic and easily prepared complexes 1 and 2 resulted in highly efficient catalysts for the ring-opening polymerisation of lactides, a sustainable bio-resourced process industrially demanded. Thus, complex 1 behaved as a single-component robust initiator for the living and immortal ROP of rac-lactide under very mild conditions after a few hours, reaching a TOF value up to 5520 h-1 under bulk conditions. Preliminary kinetic studies revealed apparent zero-order dependence on monomer concentration in the absence of a cocatalyst. The PLA materials produced exhibited narrow dispersity values, good agreement between the experimental Mn values and monomer/benzyl alcohol ratios, as well as enhanced levels of heteroselectivity, reaching Ps values up to 0.74.
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Nifant’ev I, Komarov P, Ovchinnikova V, Kiselev A, Minyaev M, Ivchenko P. Comparative Experimental and Theoretical Study of Mg, Al and Zn Aryloxy Complexes in Copolymerization of Cyclic Esters: The Role of the Metal Coordination in Formation of Random Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2273. [PMID: 33023256 PMCID: PMC7600584 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Homogeneity of copolymers is a general problem of catalytic coordination polymerization. In ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters, the rational design of the catalyst is generally applied to solve this problem by the equalization of the reactivities of comonomers-however, it often leads to a reduction of catalytic activity. In the present paper, we studied the catalytic behavior of BnOH-activated complexes (ВНТ)Mg(THF)2nBu (1), (ВНТ)2AlMe (2) and [(ВНТ)ZnEt]2 (3), based on 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT-H) in homo- and copolymerization of L-lactide (lLA) and ε-caprolactone (εCL). Even at 1:5 lLA/εCL ratio Mg complex 1 catalyzed homopolymerization of lLA without involving εCL to the formation of the polymer backbone. On the contrary, Zn complex 3 efficiently catalyzed random lLA/εCL copolymerization; the presence of mono-lactate subunits in the copolymer chain clearly pointed to the transesterification mechanism of copolymer formation. Both epimerization and transesterification side processes were analyzed using the density functional theory (DFT) modeling that confirmed the qualitative difference in catalytic behavior of 1 and 3: Mg and Zn complexes demonstrated different types of preferable coordination on the PLA chain (k2 and k3, respectively) with the result that complex 3 catalyzed controlled εCL ROP/PLA transesterification, providing the formation of lLA/εCL copolymers that contain mono-lactate fragments separated by short oligo(εCL) chains. The best results in the synthesis of random lLA/εCL copolymers were obtained during experiments on transesterification of commercially available PLLA, the applicability of 3/BnOH catalyst in the synthesis of random copolymers of εCL with methyl glycolide, ethyl ethylene phosphonate and ethyl ethylene phosphate was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Nifant’ev
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1–3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, Leninsky Avenue 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (V.O.); (A.K.); (M.M.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Miasnitskaya Str. 20, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Komarov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, Leninsky Avenue 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (V.O.); (A.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Valeriya Ovchinnikova
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, Leninsky Avenue 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (V.O.); (A.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Artem Kiselev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, Leninsky Avenue 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (V.O.); (A.K.); (M.M.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Miasnitskaya Str. 20, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Minyaev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, Leninsky Avenue 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (V.O.); (A.K.); (M.M.)
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Ivchenko
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1–3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, Leninsky Avenue 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (V.O.); (A.K.); (M.M.)
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Phan H, Kortsen K, Englezou G, Couturaud B, Nedoma AJ, Pearce AK, Taresco V. Functional initiators for the ring‐opening polymerization of polyesters and polycarbonates: An overview. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hien Phan
- Systèmes Polymères ComplexesInstitut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris‐Est (ICMPE) Thiais France
| | | | - Georgia Englezou
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringThe University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Benoit Couturaud
- Systèmes Polymères ComplexesInstitut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris‐Est (ICMPE) Thiais France
| | - Alisyn J. Nedoma
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringThe University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
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12
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González DM, Cruz NB, Hernández LA, Oyarce J, Benavente R, Manzur C. Bis‐β‐(diketonates) Zn(II) complexes substituted with thiophene: Electropolymerization, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis for ring opening polymerization of lactide. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darío M. González
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma Valparaíso Chile
| | - Nicole B. Cruz
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma Valparaíso Chile
| | - Loreto A. Hernández
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica, Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Valparaíso Avda. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso Chile
| | - Jocelyn Oyarce
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma Valparaíso Chile
| | - Rosario Benavente
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP‐CSIC) Juan de la Cierva, 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Carolina Manzur
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma Valparaíso Chile
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