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Chen H, Zhang B, Huang J. Recent advances and applications of artificial intelligence in 3D bioprinting. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2024; 5:031301. [PMID: 39036708 PMCID: PMC11260195 DOI: 10.1063/5.0190208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
3D bioprinting techniques enable the precise deposition of living cells, biomaterials, and biomolecules, emerging as a promising approach for engineering functional tissues and organs. Meanwhile, recent advances in 3D bioprinting enable researchers to build in vitro models with finely controlled and complex micro-architecture for drug screening and disease modeling. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied to different stages of 3D bioprinting, including medical image reconstruction, bioink selection, and printing process, with both classical AI and machine learning approaches. The ability of AI to handle complex datasets, make complex computations, learn from past experiences, and optimize processes dynamically makes it an invaluable tool in advancing 3D bioprinting. The review highlights the current integration of AI in 3D bioprinting and discusses future approaches to harness the synergistic capabilities of 3D bioprinting and AI for developing personalized tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Koshovyi O, Sepp J, Jakštas V, Žvikas V, Kireyev I, Karpun Y, Odyntsova V, Heinämäki J, Raal A. German Chamomile ( Matricaria chamomilla L.) Flower Extract, Its Amino Acid Preparations and 3D-Printed Dosage Forms: Phytochemical, Pharmacological, Technological, and Molecular Docking Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8292. [PMID: 39125862 PMCID: PMC11311743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is an essential oil- containing medicinal plant used worldwide. The aim of this study was to gain knowledge of the phytochemical composition and the analgesic and soporific activity of Matricaria chamomilla L. (German chamomile) flower extract and its amino acid preparations, to predict the mechanisms of their effects by molecular docking and to develop aqueous printing gels and novel 3D-printed oral dosage forms for the flower extracts. In total, 22 polyphenolic compounds and 14 amino acids were identified and quantified in the M. chamomilla extracts. In vivo animal studies with rodents showed that the oral administration of such extracts revealed the potential for treating of sleep disorders and diseases accompanied by pain. Amino acids were found to potentiate these effects. Glycine enhanced the analgesic activity the most, while lysine and β-alanine improved the soporific activity. The molecular docking analysis revealed a high probability of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism and 5-lipoxygenase (LOX-5) inhibition by the extracts. A polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based gel composition with the M. chamomilla extracts was proposed for preparing a novel 3D-printed dosage form for oral administration. These 3D-printed extract preparations can be used, for example, in dietary supplement applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Koshovyi
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (J.S.); (J.H.); (A.R.)
- The Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, National University of Pharmacy, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine;
| | - Janne Sepp
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (J.S.); (J.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Valdas Jakštas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.J.); (V.Ž.)
| | - Vaidotas Žvikas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.J.); (V.Ž.)
| | - Igor Kireyev
- The Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, National University of Pharmacy, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine;
| | | | - Vira Odyntsova
- The Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology, and Botany, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 69035 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine;
| | - Jyrki Heinämäki
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (J.S.); (J.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Ain Raal
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (J.S.); (J.H.); (A.R.)
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Koshovyi O, Komisarenko M, Osolodchenko T, Komissarenko A, Mändar R, Kõljalg S, Heinämäki J, Raal A. Eucalypt Extracts Prepared by a No-Waste Method and Their 3D-Printed Dosage Forms Show Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:754. [PMID: 38592748 PMCID: PMC10976152 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry usually utilizes either hydrophobic or hydrophilic substances extracted from raw plant materials to prepare a final product. However, the waste products from the plant material still contain biologically active components with the opposite solubility. The aim of this study was to enhance the comprehensive usability of plant materials by developing a new no-waste extraction method for eucalypt leaves and by investigating the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of eucalypt extracts and their 3D-printed dosage forms. The present extraction method enabled us to prepare both hydrophobic soft extracts and hydrophilic (aqueous) dry extracts. We identified a total of 28 terpenes in the hydrophobic soft extract. In the hydrophilic dry extract, a total of 57 substances were identified, and 26 of them were successfully isolated. The eucalypt extracts studied showed significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Corynebacterium diphtheriae gravis, and Corynebacterium diphtheriae mitis. The anti-inflammatory activity of the dry extract was studied using a formalin-induced-edema model in mice. The maximum anti-exudative effect of the dry extract was 61.5% at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Composite gels of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and eucalypt extract were developed, and the key process parameters for semi-solid extrusion (SSE) 3D printing of such gels were verified. The SSE 3D-printed preparations of novel synergistically acting eucalypt extracts could have uses in antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Koshovyi
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (O.K.); (J.H.)
- Pharmacognosy Department, The National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska St., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (M.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Mykola Komisarenko
- Pharmacognosy Department, The National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska St., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (M.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Tatyana Osolodchenko
- State Institution “I.Mechnikov Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, 14-16, Pushkinskaya St., 61057 Kharkov, Ukraine;
| | - Andrey Komissarenko
- Pharmacognosy Department, The National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska St., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (M.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Reet Mändar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (R.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Siiri Kõljalg
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (R.M.); (S.K.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, L. Puusepa 1a, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jyrki Heinämäki
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (O.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Ain Raal
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (O.K.); (J.H.)
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Koshovyi O, Vlasova I, Laur H, Kravchenko G, Krasilnikova O, Granica S, Piwowarski JP, Heinämäki J, Raal A. Chemical Composition and Insulin-Resistance Activity of Arginine-Loaded American Cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton, Ericaceae) Leaf Extracts. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2528. [PMID: 38004508 PMCID: PMC10675343 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the key pathogenetic links in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the formation of insulin resistance (IR). Besides a wide selection of synthetic antidiabetic drugs, various plant-origin extracts are also available to support the treatment of T2DM. This study aimed to investigate and gain knowledge of the chemical composition and potential IR correction effect of American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) leaf extracts and formulate novel 3D-printed oral dosage forms for such extracts. The bioactivity and IR of L-arginine-loaded cranberry leaf extracts were studied in vivo in rats. The cranberry leaf extracts consisted of quinic, 3-caffeoylquinic (chlorogenic), p-coumaroylquinic acids, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-xyloside, quercetin-3-O-arabino pyranoside, quercetin-3-O-arabinofuranoside, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside, and quercetin-O-p-coumaroyl hexoside-2 identified by HPLC. In vivo studies with rats showed that the oral administration of the cranberry leaf extracts had a positive effect on insulin sensitivity coefficients under the insulin tolerance test and affected homeostasis model assessment IR levels and liver lipid content with experimental IR. A novel 3D-printed immediate-release dosage form was developed for the oral administration of cranberry leaf extracts using polyethylene oxide as a carrier gel in semi-solid extrusion 3D printing. In conclusion, American cranberry leaf extracts loaded with L-arginine could find uses in preventing health issues associated with IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Koshovyi
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (O.K.); (J.H.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine (G.K.)
| | - Inna Vlasova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine (G.K.)
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland (J.P.P.)
| | - Heleriin Laur
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (O.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Ganna Kravchenko
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine (G.K.)
| | - Oksana Krasilnikova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine (G.K.)
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland (J.P.P.)
| | - Jakub P. Piwowarski
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland (J.P.P.)
| | - Jyrki Heinämäki
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (O.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Ain Raal
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (O.K.); (J.H.)
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Chen X, Fazel Anvari-Yazdi A, Duan X, Zimmerling A, Gharraei R, Sharma N, Sweilem S, Ning L. Biomaterials / bioinks and extrusion bioprinting. Bioact Mater 2023; 28:511-536. [PMID: 37435177 PMCID: PMC10331419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioinks are formulations of biomaterials and living cells, sometimes with growth factors or other biomolecules, while extrusion bioprinting is an emerging technique to apply or deposit these bioinks or biomaterial solutions to create three-dimensional (3D) constructs with architectures and mechanical/biological properties that mimic those of native human tissue or organs. Printed constructs have found wide applications in tissue engineering for repairing or treating tissue/organ injuries, as well as in vitro tissue modelling for testing or validating newly developed therapeutics and vaccines prior to their use in humans. Successful printing of constructs and their subsequent applications rely on the properties of the formulated bioinks, including the rheological, mechanical, and biological properties, as well as the printing process. This article critically reviews the latest developments in bioinks and biomaterial solutions for extrusion bioprinting, focusing on bioink synthesis and characterization, as well as the influence of bioink properties on the printing process. Key issues and challenges are also discussed along with recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- X.B. Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, S7K 5A9, Saskatoon, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - A. Fazel Anvari-Yazdi
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - X. Duan
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - A. Zimmerling
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - R. Gharraei
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - N.K. Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, S7K 5A9, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - S. Sweilem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - L. Ning
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
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Koshovyi O, Heinämäki J, Raal A, Laidmäe I, Topelius NS, Komisarenko M, Komissarenko A. PHARMACEUTICAL 3D-PRINTING OF NANOEMULSIFIED EUCALYPT EXTRACTS AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023:106487. [PMID: 37277046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Overcoming the health threatening consequences of staphylococcal infections and their negative socio-economic effects have become a priority in the medical, pharmaceutical, food and many other sectors globally. Staphylococcal infections are a big challenge for a global health care, since they are difficult to be diagnosed and treated. Therefore, the development of new medicinal products of plant-origin is timely and important, because bacteria have a limited ability to develop resistance to such products. In the present study, a modified eucalypt (Eucalyptus viminalis L.) extract was prepared and further enhanced by using different excipients (surface active agents) to obtain a water-miscible 3D-printable extract (nanoemulsified aqueous eucalypt extract). Phytochemical and antibacterial studies of the eucalypt leaves extracts were conducted as a preliminary investigation for 3D-printing experiments of the extracts. The nanoemulsified aqueous eucalypt extract was mixed with polyethylene oxide (PEO) to form a gel applicable for semi-solid extrusion (SSE) 3D printing. The key process parameters in a 3D-printing process were identified and verified. The printing quality of the 3D-lattice type eucalypt extract preparations was very good, demonstrating the feasibility of using an aqueous gel in SSE 3D printing also exhibiting compatibility of the carrier polymer (PEO) with the plant extract. The SSE 3D-printed eucalypt extract preparations presented a rapid dissolution in water within 10-15 minutes, suggesting the applicability of these preparations e.g., in oral immediate-release applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Koshovyi
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; The National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska st, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Jyrki Heinämäki
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Ain Raal
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Ivo Laidmäe
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | | | - Mykola Komisarenko
- The National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska st, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Andrey Komissarenko
- The National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska st, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
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Anderspuk H, Viidik L, Olado K, Kogermann K, Juppo A, Heinämäki J, Laidmäe I. Effects of crosslinking on the physical solid-state and dissolution properties of 3D-printed theophylline tablets. ANNALS OF 3D PRINTED MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stlm.2021.100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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3D Printed Laminated CaCO 3-Nanocellulose Films as Controlled-Release 5-Fluorouracil. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040986. [PMID: 32340327 PMCID: PMC7240736 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery constitutes the formulations, technologies, and systems for the transport of pharmaceutical compounds to specific areas in the body to exert safe therapeutic effects. The main criteria for selecting the correct medium for drug delivery are the quantity of the drug being carried and the amount of time required to release the drug. Hence, this research aimed to improve the aforementioned criteria by synthesizing a medium based on calcium carbonate-nanocellulose composite and evaluating its efficiency as a medium for drug delivery. Specifically, the efficiency was assessed in terms of the rates of uptake and release of 5-fluorouracil. Through the evaluation of the morphological and chemical properties of the synthesized composite, the established 3D printing profiles of nanocellulose and CaCO3 took place following the layer-by-layer films. The 3D printed double laminated CaCO3-nanocellulose managed to release the 5-fluorouracil as an effective single composition and in a time-controlled manner.
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Azad MA, Olawuni D, Kimbell G, Badruddoza AZM, Hossain MS, Sultana T. Polymers for Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Pharmaceuticals: A Holistic Materials-Process Perspective. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E124. [PMID: 32028732 PMCID: PMC7076526 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three dimensional (3D) printing as an advanced manufacturing technology is progressing to be established in the pharmaceutical industry to overcome the traditional manufacturing regime of 'one size fits for all'. Using 3D printing, it is possible to design and develop complex dosage forms that can be suitable for tuning drug release. Polymers are the key materials that are necessary for 3D printing. Among all 3D printing processes, extrusion-based (both fused deposition modeling (FDM) and pressure-assisted microsyringe (PAM)) 3D printing is well researched for pharmaceutical manufacturing. It is important to understand which polymers are suitable for extrusion-based 3D printing of pharmaceuticals and how their properties, as well as the behavior of polymer-active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) combinations, impact the printing process. Especially, understanding the rheology of the polymer and API-polymer mixtures is necessary for successful 3D printing of dosage forms or printed structures. This review has summarized a holistic materials-process perspective for polymers on extrusion-based 3D printing. The main focus herein will be both FDM and PAM 3D printing processes. It elaborates the discussion on the comparison of 3D printing with the traditional direct compression process, the necessity of rheology, and the characterization techniques required for the printed structure, drug, and excipients. The current technological challenges, regulatory aspects, and the direction toward which the technology is moving, especially for personalized pharmaceuticals and multi-drug printing, are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Azad
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (D.O.); (G.K.)
| | - Deborah Olawuni
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (D.O.); (G.K.)
| | - Georgia Kimbell
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (D.O.); (G.K.)
| | - Abu Zayed Md Badruddoza
- Department of Chemical and Life Sciences Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Md. Shahadat Hossain
- Department of Engineering Technology, Queensborough Community College, City University of New York (CUNY), Bayside, NY 11364, USA;
| | - Tasnim Sultana
- Department of Public Health, School of Arts and Sciences, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS), Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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