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Customizing polyelectrolytes through hydrophobic grafting. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 306:102721. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Impact of dispersion time interval and particle size on release profiles of propranolol HCl and carbamazepines from microparticle blends system. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10360. [PMID: 35726009 PMCID: PMC9209490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14678-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dispersion time interval (DTI) on physicochemical properties of drug following the incorporation of propranolol HCl (Pro) and carbamazepine (CBZ) within ethyl cellulose (EC) microparticle blends using solvent evaporation method. The first Pro emulsion and second CBZ oil phase were dispersed in an external aqueous phase, with DTI of 0 and 60 min. The morphology of microparticle blends were characterized by SEM. The particle size mean of the emulsion droplets/hardened microparticles were monitored by FBRM. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) and in vitro drug release were also investigated. The resulting microparticle blends were spherical and formed two populations. The particle size mean of microparticle blends ranged from 113.27 µm to 122.42 µm. The EE was 77.28% to 78.64% for Pro and 96.48% to 98.64% for CBZ. FBRM studies showed that the size of microparticle blend prepared as W/O/W (Pro) and O/W (CBZ) system with DTI of 60 min and stirring time 4 h were larger than those prepared with DTI of 0 min. In vitro drug release studies after 28 days that revealed the CBZ release (58.72%) was faster than Pro release (43.16%). Investigation on surface morphology by SEM showed that the second drug CBZ which added as the oil phase in the W/O/W emulsion system had blocked the pores on the surface Pro microparticles prepared from the first primary emulsion, therefore affecting the drug release. This blocking effects of second drug (CBZ) on first emulsion microparticles (Pro) depended on the DTI. This phenomenon is only applicable if the first primary emulsion is W/O/W system.
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Chrysostomou V, Forys A, Trzebicka B, Demetzos C, Pispas S. Structure of micelleplexes formed between QPDMAEMA-b-PLMA amphiphilic cationic copolymer micelles and DNA of different lengths. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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PnBA-b-PNIPAM-b-PDMAEA Thermo-Responsive Triblock Terpolymers and Their Quaternized Analogs as Gene and Drug Delivery Vectors. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142361. [PMID: 34301119 PMCID: PMC8309626 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the ability of thermo-responsive poly [butyl acrylate-b-N-isopropylacrylamide-b-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl acrylate] (PnBA-b-PNIPAM-b-PDMAEA) triblock terpolymer self-assemblies, as well as of their quaternized analogs (PnBA-b-PNIPAM-b-QPDMAEA), to form polyplexes with DNA through electrostatic interactions was examined. Terpolymer/DNA polyplexes were prepared in three different amine over phosphate group ratios (N/P), and linear DNA with a 2000 base pair length was used. In aqueous solutions, the terpolymers formed aggregates of micelles with mixed PNIPAM/(Q)PDMAEA coronas and PnBA cores. The PnBA-b-PNIPAM-b-PDMAEA terpolymers’ micellar aggregates were also examined as carriers for the model hydrophobic drug curcumin (CUR). The complexation ability of the terpolymer with DNA was studied by UV–Vis spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy by investigating ethidium bromide quenching. Fluorescence was also used for the determination of the intrinsic fluorescence of the CUR-loaded micellar aggregates. The structural characteristics of the polyplexes and the CUR-loaded aggregates were investigated by dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering techniques. Polyplexes were found to structurally respond to changes in solution temperature and ionic strength, while the intrinsic fluorescence of encapsulated CUR was increased at temperatures above ambient.
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Pafiti KS, Kepola EJ, Vlasiou MC, Yamasaki EN, Patrickios CS, Mastroyiannopoulos NP, Phylactou LA, Théato P. Oligo(ethylene imine)‐grafted glycidyl methacrylate linear and star homopolymers:
Odd–even
correlated transfection efficiency. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki S. Pafiti
- School of Sciences and Engineering University of Nicosia Nicosia Cyprus
| | | | | | - Edna N. Yamasaki
- School of Sciences and Engineering University of Nicosia Nicosia Cyprus
| | | | | | - Leonidas A. Phylactou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function & Therapy Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics Nicosia Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics Nicosia Cyprus
| | - Patrick Théato
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Germany
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory Institute for Biological Interfaces III, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen Germany
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Gurnani P, Blakney AK, Terracciano R, Petch JE, Blok AJ, Bouton CR, McKay PF, Shattock RJ, Alexander C. The In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and In Vivo Effect of Polymer Hydrophobicity on Charge-Reversible Vectors for Self-Amplifying RNA. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3242-3253. [PMID: 32644777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RNA technology has the potential to revolutionize vaccination. However, the lack of clear structure-property relationships in relevant biological models mean there is no clear consensus on the chemical motifs necessary to improve RNA delivery. In this work, we describe the synthesis of a series of copolymers based on the self-hydrolyzing charge-reversible polycation poly(dimethylaminoethyl acrylate) (pDMAEA), varying the lipophilicity of the additional co-monomers. All copolymers formed stable polyplexes, showing efficient complexation with model nucleic acids from nitrogen/phosphate (N/P) ratios of N/P = 5, with more hydrophobic complexes exhibiting slower charge reversal and disassembly compared to hydrophilic analogues. The more hydrophobic copolymers outperformed hydrophilic versions, homopolymer controls and the reference standard polymer (polyethylenimine), in transfection assays on 2D cell monolayers, albeit with significantly higher toxicities. Similarly, hydrophobic derivatives displayed up to a 4-fold higher efficacy in terms of the numbers of cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP+) cells in ex vivo human skin (10%) compared to free RNA (2%), attributed to transfection enrichment in epithelial cells. In contrast, in a mouse model, we observed the reverse trend in terms of RNA transfection, with no observable protein production in more hydrophobic analogues, whereas hydrophilic copolymers induced the highest transfection in vivo. Overall, our results suggest an important relationship between the vector lipophilicity and RNA transfection in vaccine settings, with polymer biocompatibility potentially a key parameter in effective in vivo protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Gurnani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kindom
| | - Anna K Blakney
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, School of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, United Kindom
| | - Roberto Terracciano
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kindom.,Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Joshua E Petch
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kindom
| | - Andrew J Blok
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kindom
| | - Clément R Bouton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, School of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, United Kindom
| | - Paul F McKay
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, School of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, United Kindom
| | - Robin J Shattock
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, School of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, United Kindom
| | - Cameron Alexander
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kindom
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Effects of Chemical Modifications on the Thermoresponsive Behavior of a PDMAEA-b-PNIPAM-b-POEGA Triblock Terpolymer. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061382. [PMID: 32575556 PMCID: PMC7361810 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the synthesis, selective chemical modifications, and self-assembly behavior in aqueous media of a novel poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate)20-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)11-b-poly(oligo ethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate)18 (PDMAEA20-b-PNIPAM11-b-POEGA18) dual-responsive (pH and temperature) and triply hydrophilic amino-based triblock terpolymer are reported. The amine functional triblock terpolymer was synthesized by sequential reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) polymerization and molecularly characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and 1H-NMR spectroscopy that evidenced the success of the three-step polymerization scheme. The tertiary amine pendant groups of the PDMAEA block were chemically modified in order to produce the Q1PDMAEA20-b-PNIPAM11-b-POEGA18 as well as the Q6PDMAEA20-b-PNIPAM11-b-POEGA18 quaternized triblock terpolymers (Q1 and Q6 prefixes show the number of carbon atoms (C1 and C6) attached on the PDMAEA groups) using methyl iodide (CH3I) and 1-iodohexane (C6H13I) as the quaternizing agents and the SPDMAEA20-b-PNIPAM11-b-POEGA18 sulfobetainized triblock terpolymer using 1,3 propanesultone (C3H6O3S) as the sulfobetainization agent. The self-assembly properties of the triblock terpolymers in aqueous solutions upon varying temperature and solution pH were studied by light scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy experiments. The novel triblock terpolymers self-assemble into nanosized aggregates upon solution temperature rise above the nominal lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the temperature-responsive PNIPAM block. The remarkable stimuli-responsive self-assembly behavior of the novel triblock terpolymers in aqueous media make them interesting candidates for biomedical applications in the fields of drug and gene delivery.
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