1
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Gogoi C, Saikia UP, Borah P, Saikia T, Bora A, Rastogi GK, Pahari P. Synthesis of fluorinated spiro-1,3-oxazines and thiazines via Selectfluor-mediated intramolecular cyclization. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39046268 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00895b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
A fluorination-induced intramolecular cyclization for the synthesis of fluoro-substituted spiro-1,3-oxazine and spiro-1,3-thiazine derivatives is described. N-(2-(Cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)ethyl)benzamide and benzothioamide are used as the substrates, and the cationic fluorinating agent Selectfluor works as the fluoride source. The reaction yields a single diastereomer. The scope of this regioselective fluorination reaction is established by preparing thirty different spirooxazine and spirothiazine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinu Gogoi
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | | | - Priyam Borah
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India.
| | - Trishna Saikia
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Anamika Bora
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Gaurav K Rastogi
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India.
| | - Pallab Pahari
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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2
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Van Guyse JFR, Abbasi S, Toh K, Nagorna Z, Li J, Dirisala A, Quader S, Uchida S, Kataoka K. Facile Generation of Heterotelechelic Poly(2-Oxazoline)s Towards Accelerated Exploration of Poly(2-Oxazoline)-Based Nanomedicine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404972. [PMID: 38651732 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the end-groups of biocompatible polymers is crucial for enabling polymer-based therapeutics and nanomedicine. Typically, end-group diversification is a challenging and time-consuming endeavor, especially for polymers prepared via ionic polymerization mechanisms with limited functional group tolerance. In this study, we present a facile end-group diversification approach for poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx), enabling quick and reliable production of heterotelechelic polymers to facilitate POxylation. The approach relies on the careful tuning of reaction parameters to establish differential reactivity of a pentafluorobenzyl initiator fragment and the living oxazolinium chain-end, allowing the selective introduction of N-, S-, O-nucleophiles via the termination of the polymerization, and a consecutive nucleophilic para-fluoro substitution. The value of this approach for the accelerated development of nanomedicine is demonstrated through the synthesis of well-defined lipid-polymer conjugates and POx-polypeptide block-copolymers, which are well-suited for drug and gene delivery. Furthermore, we investigated the application of a lipid-POx conjugate for the formulation and delivery of mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles for immunization against the SARS-COV-2 virus, underscoring the value of POx as a biocompatible polymer platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim F R Van Guyse
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, 210-0821, Kawasaki, Japan
- Present Adresses: S. A., Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21231, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Saed Abbasi
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, 210-0821, Kawasaki, Japan
- Present Adresses: S. A., Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21231, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kazuko Toh
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, 210-0821, Kawasaki, Japan
- Present Adresses: S. A., Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21231, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zlata Nagorna
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Junjie Li
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, 210-0821, Kawasaki, Japan
- Present Adresses: S. A., Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21231, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Anjaneyulu Dirisala
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, 210-0821, Kawasaki, Japan
- Present Adresses: S. A., Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21231, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabina Quader
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, 210-0821, Kawasaki, Japan
- Present Adresses: S. A., Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21231, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Satoshi Uchida
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, 210-0821, Kawasaki, Japan
- Present Adresses: S. A., Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21231, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medical, Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 606-0823, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Advanced Nanomedical Engineering, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 113-8510, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, 210-0821, Kawasaki, Japan
- Present Adresses: S. A., Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21231, Baltimore, MD, USA
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3
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Pachla J, Kopiasz RJ, Marek G, Tomaszewski W, Głogowska A, Drężek K, Kowalczyk S, Podgórski R, Butruk-Raszeja B, Ciach T, Mierzejewska J, Plichta A, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Jańczewski D. Polytrimethylenimines: Highly Potent Antibacterial Agents with Activity and Toxicity Modulated by the Polymer Molecular Weight. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:2237-2249. [PMID: 37093622 PMCID: PMC10170506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Cationic polymers have been extensively investigated as a potential replacement for traditional antibiotics. Here, we examined the effect of molecular weight (MW) on the antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and hemolytic activity of linear polytrimethylenimine (L-PTMI). The results indicate that the biological activity of the polymer sharply increases as MW increases. Thanks to a different position of the antibacterial activity and toxicity thresholds, tuning the MW of PTMI allows one to achieve a therapeutic window between antimicrobial activity and toxicity concentrations. L-PTMI presents significantly higher antimicrobial activity against model microorganisms than linear polyethylenimine (L-PEI) when polymers with a similar number of repeating units are compared. For the derivatives of L-PTMI and L-PEI, obtained through N-monomethylation and partial N,N-dimethylation of linear polyamines, the antimicrobial activity and toxicity were both reduced; however, resulting selectivity indices were higher. Selected materials were tested against clinical isolates of pathogens from the ESKAPE group and Mycobacteria, revealing good antibacterial properties of L-PTMI against antibiotic-resistant strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but limited antibacterial properties against Mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julita Pachla
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał J Kopiasz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gabriela Marek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Waldemar Tomaszewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Głogowska
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Drężek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Kowalczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Podgórski
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Butruk-Raszeja
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ciach
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Mierzejewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Plichta
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Jańczewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Poly(2-oxazoline)-derived star-shaped polymers as potential materials for biomedical applications: A review. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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5
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Kundeková B, Máčajová M, Meta M, Čavarga I, Huntošová V, Datta S, Miškovský P, Kronek J, Bilčík B. The Japanese quail chorioallantoic membrane as a model to study an amphiphilic gradient copoly(2-oxazoline)s- based drug delivery system for photodynamic diagnosis and therapy research. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103046. [PMID: 35917905 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic gradient copoly(2-oxazoline)s are widely researched in the field of drug delivery. They could be used as a transport system for hydrophobic drugs such as hypericin (HYP). We prepared six gradient copolymers (EtOx)-grad-(ROPhOx) by living cationic ring-opening polymerization of a hydrophilic comonomer 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline (EtOx) and a hydrophobic comonomer 2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-oxazoline (ROPhOx), with different composition ratio (88:12 and 85:15) and three different alkyl chain lengths of alkyl (R) substituents. As an experimental model, Japanese quail chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was used. The effect of nanoparticles loaded with HYP was evaluated by the changes of fluorescence intensity during photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) monitored under 405 nm LED light before administration, and 0,1,3 and 24 h after topical administration. The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) (405 nm, 285 mW/cm2) applied 1h after the administration of HYP-loaded nanoparticles was evaluated using vascular damage score and histological sections. Molecular analysis was done by measuring angiogenesis-related gene expression by qPCR. The application of nanoparticles unloaded or loaded with HYP proved to be biocompatible, non-toxic, and undamaging to the CAM tissue, while they successfully altered the HYP fluorescence. We observed a possible anti-angiogenic potential of prepared nanoparticles, which could present an advantage for PDT used for tumour treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Kundeková
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 84005, Slovakia
| | - Mariana Máčajová
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 84005, Slovakia
| | - Majlinda Meta
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 84005, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Čavarga
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 84005, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Huntošová
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenná 5, Košice 04154, Slovakia
| | - Shubhashis Datta
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenná 5, Košice 04154, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Miškovský
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenná 5, Košice 04154, Slovakia; SAFTRA Photonics s r o., Moldavská cesta 51, Košice 04011, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Kronek
- Department for Biomaterials Research, Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 84541, Slovakia
| | - Boris Bilčík
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 84005, Slovakia.
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6
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Datta S, Huntošová V, Jutková A, Seliga R, Kronek J, Tomkova A, Lenkavská L, Máčajová M, Bilčík B, Kundeková B, Čavarga I, Pavlova E, Šlouf M, Miškovský P, Jancura D. Influence of Hydrophobic Side-Chain Length in Amphiphilic Gradient Copoly(2-oxazoline)s on the Therapeutics Loading, Stability, Cellular Uptake and Pharmacokinetics of Nano-Formulation with Curcumin. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122576. [PMID: 36559069 PMCID: PMC9781838 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the simple one-step preparation method and a promising application in biomedical research, amphiphilic gradient copoly(2-oxazoline)s are gaining more and more interest compared to their analogous block copolymers. In this work, the curcumin solubilization ability was tested for a series of amphiphilic gradient copoly(2-oxazoline)s with different lengths of hydrophobic side-chains, consisting of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline as a hydrophilic monomer and 2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-oxazoline as a hydrophobic monomer. It is shown that the length of the hydrophobic side-chain in the copolymers plays a crucial role in the loading of curcumin onto the self-assembled nanoparticles. The kinetic stability of self-assembled nanoparticles studied using FRET shows a link between their integrity and cellular uptake in human glioblastoma cells. The present study demonstrates how minor changes in the molecular structure of gradient copoly(2-oxazoline)s can lead to significant differences in the loading, stability, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and pharmacokinetics of nano-formulations containing curcumin. The obtained results on the behavior of the complex of gradient copoly(2-oxazoline)s and curcumin may contribute to the development of effective next-generation polymeric nanostructures for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhashis Datta
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P. J. Safarik University in Košice, Jesenna 5, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (V.H.)
| | - Veronika Huntošová
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P. J. Safarik University in Košice, Jesenna 5, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (V.H.)
| | - Annamária Jutková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P. J. Safarik University in Košice, Jesenna 5, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
- SAFTRA Photonics s.r.o., Moldavska Cesta 51, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Róbert Seliga
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P. J. Safarik University in Košice, Jesenna 5, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Kronek
- Department for Biomaterials Research, Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adriána Tomkova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P. J. Safarik University in Košice, Jesenna 5, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Lenkavská
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P. J. Safarik University in Košice, Jesenna 5, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mariana Máčajová
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Boris Bilčík
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Kundeková
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Čavarga
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ewa Pavlova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho Nam. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Šlouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho Nam. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Miškovský
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P. J. Safarik University in Košice, Jesenna 5, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
- SAFTRA Photonics s.r.o., Moldavska Cesta 51, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
- Cassovia New Industry Cluster, Tr. SNP 1, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Jancura
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P. J. Safarik University in Košice, Jesenna 5, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
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7
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Qi L, Qin Y, Wang X, Chai H, Zhu W, Zhou Y. Electrophilic Halogen Reagents-mediated Halogenation: Synthesis of Halogenated Dihydro-1,3-oxazine Derivatives. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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9
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Kolouchova K, Cernochova Z, Groborz O, Herynek V, Koucky F, Jaksa R, Benes J, Slouf M, Hruby M. Multiresponsive Fluorinated Polymers as a Theragnostic Platform Using 19F MRI. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Elzes MR, Mertens I, Sedlacek O, Verbraeken B, Doensen ACA, Mees MA, Glassner M, Jana S, Paulusse JMJ, Hoogenboom R. Linear Poly(ethylenimine-propylenimine) Random Copolymers for Gene Delivery: From Polymer Synthesis to Efficient Transfection with High Serum Tolerance. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2459-2470. [PMID: 35499242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring oligoamines, such as spermine, spermidine, and putrescine, are well-known regulators of gene expression. These oligoamines frequently have short alkyl spacers with varying lengths between the amines. Linear polyethylenimine (PEI) is a polyamine that has been widely applied as a gene vector, with various formulations currently in clinical trials. In order to emulate natural oligoamine gene regulators, linear random copolymers containing both PEI and polypropylenimine (PPI) repeat units were designed as novel gene delivery agents. In general, statistical copolymerization of 2-oxazolines and 2-oxazines leads to the formation of gradient copolymers. In this study, however, we describe for the first time the synthesis of near-ideal random 2-oxazoline/2-oxazine copolymers through careful tuning of the monomer structures and reactivity as well as polymerization conditions. These copolymers were then transformed into near-random PEI-PPI copolymers by controlled side-chain hydrolysis. The prepared PEI-PPI copolymers formed stable polyplexes with GFP-encoding plasmid DNA, as validated by dynamic light scattering. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency of polyplexes were evaluated in C2C12 mouse myoblasts. While the polymer chain length did not significantly increase the toxicity, a higher PPI content was associated with increased toxicity and also lowered the amount of polymers needed to achieve efficient transfection. The transfection efficiency was significantly influenced by the degree of polymerization of PEI-PPI, whereby longer polymers resulted in more transfected cells. Copolymers with 60% or lower PPI content exhibited a good balance between high plasmid-DNA transfection efficiency and low toxicity. Interestingly, these novel PEI-PPI copolymers revealed exceptional serum tolerance, whereby transfection efficiencies of up to 53% of transfected cells were achieved even under 50% serum conditions. These copolymers, especially PEI-PPI with DP500 and a 1:1 PEI/PPI ratio, were identified as promising transfection agents for plasmid DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rachèl Elzes
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ine Mertens
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ondrej Sedlacek
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bart Verbraeken
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aniek C A Doensen
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.,Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten A Mees
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mathias Glassner
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Somdeb Jana
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jos M J Paulusse
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Beudert M, Hahn L, Horn AHC, Hauptstein N, Sticht H, Meinel L, Luxenhofer R, Gutmann M, Lühmann T. Merging bioresponsive release of insulin-like growth factor I with 3D printable thermogelling hydrogels. J Control Release 2022; 347:115-126. [PMID: 35489547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
3D printing of biomaterials enables spatial control of drug incorporation during automated manufacturing. This study links bioresponsive release of the anabolic biologic, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in response to matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) to 3D printing using the block copolymer of poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) and thermoresponsive poly(2-n-propyl-2-oxazine) (POx-b-POzi). For that, a chemo-enzymatic synthesis was deployed, ligating IGF-I enzymatically to a protease sensitive linker (PSL), which was conjugated to a POx-b-POzi copolymer. The product was blended with the plain thermogelling POx-b-POzi hydrogel. MMP exposure of the resulting hydrogel triggered bioactive IGF-I release. The bioresponsive IGF-I containing POx-b-POzi hydrogel system was further detailed for shape control and localized incorporation of IGF-I via extrusion 3D printing for future applications in biomedicine and biofabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Beudert
- University of Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Hahn
- University of Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anselm H C Horn
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Erlangen National High Performance Computing Center (NHR@FAU), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niklas Hauptstein
- University of Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Erlangen National High Performance Computing Center (NHR@FAU), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- University of Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, DE-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcus Gutmann
- University of Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Tessa Lühmann
- University of Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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12
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Blokhin AN, Kirila TY, Kozina ND, Razina AB, Filippov AP, Tenkovtsev AV. Synthesis and hydrodynamic properties of star poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazolines) and poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazines) based on sulfochlorinated calix[4]arene initiator. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Guardià J, Zare A, Eleeza J, Giamberini M, Reina JA, Montané X. Synthesis and characterization of dendritic compounds containing nitrogen: monomer precursors in the construction of biomimetic membranes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1725. [PMID: 35110633 PMCID: PMC8810782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05747-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we synthesized a novel dendritic 2-oxazoline, 2-(3,4,5-tris(4-dodecyloxybenzyloxy)phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole), and its amide precursor N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4,5-tris(4-dodecyloxybenzyloxy)benzamide. Of the distinct synthetic routes explored, it was established that the direct amidation of esters with sodium methoxide followed by the dehydrative cyclisation with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone as oxidizing agent and triphenylphosphine was the most efficient route to synthesize the dendritic 2-oxazoline. Besides, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4,5-tris(4-dodecyloxybenzyloxy)benzamide exhibited a monotropic columnar mesophase, whilst the dendritic 2-oxazoline does not exhibited a liquid crystalline mesophase. At the end, the first attempts to polymerize the 2-oxazoline monomer via cationic ring opening polymerization showed promising results. Therefore, the dendritic 2-oxazoline could be used as a mesogenic monomer in the synthesis of side-chain liquid-crystalline polyoxazolines that might self-assembly into columnar structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Guardià
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alireza Zare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - John Eleeza
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marta Giamberini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Reina
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xavier Montané
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
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14
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Huettner N, Goldmann AS, Hoogenboom R, Dargaville TR. Macrocyclization efficiency for poly(2-oxazoline)s and poly(2-oxazine)s. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00376g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Poly(2-oxazine)s show higher tendency to undergo macrocyclization compared to poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s, increasing scale-up potential and applicability of these cyclic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Huettner
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Anja S. Goldmann
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000 Belgium
| | - Tim R. Dargaville
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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15
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Babuka D, Kolouchova K, Loukotova L, Sedlacek O, Groborz O, Skarkova A, Zhigunov A, Pavlova E, Hoogenboom R, Hruby M, Stepanek P. Self-Assembly, Drug Encapsulation, and Cellular Uptake of Block and Gradient Copolymers of 2-Methyl-2-oxazine and 2- n-Propyl/butyl-2-oxazoline. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Babuka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, Prague 2 121 16, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Kolouchova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Loukotova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Sedlacek
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2 128 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ondrej Groborz
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo sq. 542, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Salmovská 1, Prague 2 120 00, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Skarkova
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague 12843, Czech Republic
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Prumyslova 595, Vestec u Prahy 25242, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Zhigunov
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Ewa Pavlova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martin Hruby
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Stepanek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
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16
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Park JR, Verderosa AD, Totsika M, Hoogenboom R, Dargaville TR. Thermoresponsive Polymer-Antibiotic Conjugates Based on Gradient Copolymers of 2-Oxazoline and 2-Oxazine. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:5185-5194. [PMID: 34726387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A polymer-antibiotic conjugate with thermoresponsive properties near body temperature is presented. The backbone polymer is a copolymer of 2-n-propyl-2-oxazine (PropOzi) and methoxycarbonylethyl-2-oxazoline (C2MestOx) which is conjugated with the broad-spectrum antibiotic, cefazolin, via modification of the methyl ester group of C2MestOx. The resulting polymer-antibiotic conjugate has a cloud point temperature near body temperature, meaning that it can form a homogenous solution if cooled, but when injected into a skin-mimic at 37 °C, it forms a drug depot precipitate. Cleavage of the ester linker leads to quantitative release of the pristine cefazolin (with some antibiotic degradation observed) and redissolution of the polymer. When Escherichia coli were treated with polymer-antibiotic conjugate total clearance is observed within 12 h. The power of this approach is the potential for localized antibiotic delivery, for example, at a specific tissue site or into infected phagocytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ryul Park
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Anthony D Verderosa
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Makrina Totsika
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Tim R Dargaville
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
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17
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Warne NM, Finnegan JR, Feeney OM, Kempe K. Using
2‐isopropyl
‐2‐oxazine to explore the effect of monomer distribution and polymer architecture on the thermoresponsive behavior of copolymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Warne
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science & Technology, and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - John R. Finnegan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science & Technology, and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Orlagh M. Feeney
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science & Technology, and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Kristian Kempe
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science & Technology, and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
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18
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Linear and star-shaped poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazine)s. Synthesis, characterization and conformation in solution. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Kirila T, Smirnova A, Razina A, Tenkovtsev A, Filippov A. Influence of Salt on the Self-Organization in Solutions of Star-Shaped Poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazoline and Poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazine on Heating. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1152. [PMID: 33916516 PMCID: PMC8038499 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The water-salt solutions of star-shaped six-arm poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazines and poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazolines were studied by light scattering and turbidimetry. The core was hexaaza[26]orthoparacyclophane and the arms were poly-2-ethyl-2-oxazine, poly-2-isopropyl-2-oxazine, poly-2-ethyl-2-oxazoline, and poly-2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline. NaCl and N-methylpyridinium p-toluenesulfonate were used as salts. Their concentration varied from 0-0.154 M. On heating, a phase transition was observed in all studied solutions. It was found that the effect of salt on the thermosensitivity of the investigated stars depends on the structure of the salt and polymer and on the salt content in the solution. The phase separation temperature decreased with an increase in the hydrophobicity of the polymers, which is caused by both a growth of the side radical size and an elongation of the monomer unit. For NaCl solutions, the phase separation temperature monotonically decreased with growth of salt concentration. In solutions with methylpyridinium p-toluenesulfonate, the dependence of the phase separation temperature on the salt concentration was non-monotonic with minimum at salt concentration corresponding to one salt molecule per one arm of a polymer star. Poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazine and poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazoline stars with a hexaaza[26]orthoparacyclophane core are more sensitive to the presence of salt in solution than the similar stars with a calix[n]arene branching center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Kirila
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Pr. 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.); (A.R.); (A.T.); (A.F.)
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