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Zhang Q, Zhuang T, Sun X, Bao Y, Zhu L, Zhang Q, Han J, Guo R. "Four-in-One" Nanozyme for Amplified Catalytic-Photothermal Therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 665:1-9. [PMID: 38513403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The cancer therapeutic efficacy of the peroxidase (POD)-mimicking nanozyme-based monotherapy is significantly hindered due to insufficient intratumoral hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and glutathione (GSH) consumption effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we present the development of poly(o-phenylenediamine)@gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) (PoPD@Au) nanocomposites for multifunctional catalytic-photothermal therapy. These nanocomposites exhibit triple distinct nanozymatic activities, i.e., POD-like activity that catalyzes H2O2 to ROS, glucose oxidase (GOx)-like activity that supplements endogenous H2O2, and GSH depleting activity that decreases the ROS consumption efficiency. This open source and reduce expenditure strategy for ROS generation allows for the amplification of tumor oxidative stress, thereby enhancing anti-tumor efficiency. Additionally, the PoPD@Au nanocomposites demonstrate outstanding photothermal conversion efficiency, contributing to the synergistic effect between PoPD and AuNPs. Moreover, we reveal the improved photothermal performance of PoPD@Au triggered by the tumor microenvironment pH, which provides additional benefits for targeted catalytic-photothermal therapy. This "four-in-one" design of PoPD@Au enables efficient anti-tumor effects both in vitro and in vivo, making it a universal strategy for engineering catalytic-photothermal therapeutic nanoagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Tinglong Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Xiaohuan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
| | - Yanli Bao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Liqi Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Jie Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
| | - Rong Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
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Suyunov JR, Turaev KK, Alimnazarov BK, Nazarov YE, Mengnorov IJ, Ibragimov BT, Ashurov JM. Synthesis, crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of di-aqua-bis-( o-phenyl-enedi-amine-κ 2N, N')nickel(II) naphthalene-1,5-di-sulfonate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2023; 79:1083-1087. [PMID: 37936863 PMCID: PMC10626944 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989023009350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of o-phenyl-enedi-amine (OPD), sodium naphthalene1,5-di-sulfonate (Na2NDS) and nickel sulfate in an ethanol-water mixture yielded the title compound, [Ni(OPD)2(H2O)2]·NDS or [Ni(C6H8N2)2(H2O)2](C10H6O6S2). This salt consists of a complex [Ni(OPD)2(H2O)2]2+ cation with two bidentate OPD ligands and trans aqua ligands, and a non-coordinating NDS2- anion, which is the double-deprotonated form of H2NDS. The NiII atom is situated at a center of inversion and exhibits a slightly tetra-gonally distorted {O2N4} octa-hedral coordination environment, with four shorter equatorial Ni-N bonds [2.0775 (17) and 2.0924 (18) Å] and a longer axial Ni-O bond [2.1381 (17) Å]. The OPD ligand is located about an inversion center and is nearly coplanar with the NiN4 plane [dihedral angle 0.95 (9)°]. In the crystal, the cations and anions are connected by charge-assisted inter-molecular N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions into the tri-periodic network structure. Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions to the crystal packing are from H⋯H (44.1%), O⋯H/H⋯O (34.3%), C⋯H/H⋯C (14.8%) C⋯C (6.5%) (involving the cations) and O⋯H/H⋯O (50%), H⋯H (25%), C⋯H/H⋯C (15.3%), C⋯C (8.2%) (involving the anions) inter-actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabbor R Suyunov
- Termez State University, "Barkamol avlod", at street, 43., Termez city, Uzbekistan
| | - Khayit Kh. Turaev
- Termez State University, "Barkamol avlod", at street, 43., Termez city, Uzbekistan
| | | | - Yusuf E. Nazarov
- Termez State University, "Barkamol avlod", at street, 43., Termez city, Uzbekistan
| | - Islombek J. Mengnorov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, 100125, M. Ulugbek Str 83, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Bakhtiyar T. Ibragimov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, 100125, M. Ulugbek Str 83, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Jamshid M. Ashurov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, 100125, M. Ulugbek Str 83, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
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Younas W, Khan FU, Zaman M, Lin D, Zuberi A, Wang Y. Toxicity of synthesized silver nanoparticles in a widespread fish: A comparison between green and chemical. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157366. [PMID: 35843321 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles are gaining importance in various fields of life due to their large surface area to volume ratio. However, metallic nanoparticles pose different toxic effects on fish when they appear with different shapes and compositions in water. Herein the present study was designed to evaluate the median (LC50) and sub-lethal (1/10th of LC50) concentrations of Ag-Green NPs, 700 μg/L for Ag-Chem NPs, and 50 μg/L for Ag2O-Chem NPs were confirmed in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. Furthermore, exposure of H. molitrix fingerlings to 10 % of LC50 concentration of these particles induced significantly higher (p < 0.05) activities of serum alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, white blood cells, acetylcholinesterase and catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, relative gene expressions of antioxidant enzymes, heat shock protein (Hsp70), hypoxia- inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and lipid peroxidase level than the control, but decreased hematological parameters with less effects of Ag-Green NPs than chemically synthesized AgNPs. Moreover, the histopathological study also indicated morphological changes in the liver and gills of treated fish groups. The comparative toxicity evaluation revealed the maximum negative effect of Ag2O-Chem NPs followed by Ag-Chem NPs while Ag-Green NPs showed the least toxic effects. Based on our results, replacement of chemically synthesized NPs to green synthesized AgNPs can be recommended in large scale application to reduce the noxious effects to aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Younas
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Fahim Ullah Khan
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muhib Zaman
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Daohui Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Amina Zuberi
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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Campagnol D, Karimian N, Paladin D, Rizzolio F, Ugo P. Molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for the ultrasensitive detection of cytochrome c. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 148:108269. [PMID: 36179393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (Cyt c) is an important biomarker for the early stage of apoptosis that plays a role in the diagnosis and therapy of several diseases including cancer. Here, an electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the ultrasensitive detection of Cyt c is studied. It is prepared by electropolymerization of o-phenylenediamine in the presence of Cyt c as template, followed by solvent extraction, resulting in the formation of Cyt c recognition sites. The MIP is characterised by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry, using ferrocenecarboxylic acid as redox probe. Voltammetric data indicates that the MIP-sensor behaves as an electrode with partially blocked surface. The partition isotherm obtained fits the Langmuir model, indicating a high affinity for Cyt c, with an association constant Ka = 5 × 10 11 M-1. DPV measurements allow to achieve extremely high analytical sensitivity and low detection limit, in the femtomolar range, with negligible unspecific adsorption. Satisfactory analytical recovery tests performed in the presence of possible interfering proteins and in diluted human serum confirmed the selectivity of the MIP-sensor as well as its potential applicability for real samples analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Campagnol
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Najmeh Karimian
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy.
| | - Dino Paladin
- Dott. Dino Paladin, bic incubatori Fvg, via Flavia 23/1, 34148 Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Paolo Ugo
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy.
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Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Potential of Poly(o-anisidine)/BaSO4 Nanocomposites with Enhanced Electrical Conductivity. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10091878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The poly(o-anisidine)/BaSO4 nanocomposites were prepared by oxidative polymerization of o-anisidine monomer with BaSO4 filler for the potential antibacterial properties of the composite materials. To achieve the optimal and tunable properties of the nanocomposites, the ratio of BaSO4 filler was changed at the rates of 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10% with respect to matrix. Different analytical techniques, i.e., FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopy, were employed for functional identification and optical absorption of the poly(o-anisidine)/BaSO4 nanocomposites. The FTIR data revealed the significant interaction between POA and BaSO4, as well as the good absorption behavior of the UV-visible spectra. The conducting properties were controllable by varying the load percentage of the BaSO4 filler. Furthermore, different bacterial strains, i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the POA/BaSO4 nanocomposites. The largest zones of inhibition 0.8 and 0.9 mm were reached using 7% and 10% for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively.
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Recent Developments and Implementations of Conductive Polymer-Based Flexible Devices in Sensing Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183730. [PMID: 36145876 PMCID: PMC9504310 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible sensing devices have attracted significant attention for various applications, such as medical devices, environmental monitoring, and healthcare. Numerous materials have been used to fabricate flexible sensing devices and improve their sensing performance in terms of their electrical and mechanical properties. Among the studied materials, conductive polymers are promising candidates for next-generation flexible, stretchable, and wearable electronic devices because of their outstanding characteristics, such as flexibility, light weight, and non-toxicity. Understanding the interesting properties of conductive polymers and the solution-based deposition processes and patterning technologies used for conductive polymer device fabrication is necessary to develop appropriate and highly effective flexible sensors. The present review provides scientific evidence for promising strategies for fabricating conductive polymer-based flexible sensors. Specifically, the outstanding nature of the structures, conductivity, and synthesis methods of some of the main conductive polymers are discussed. Furthermore, conventional and innovative technologies for preparing conductive polymer thin films in flexible sensors are identified and evaluated, as are the potential applications of these sensors in environmental and human health monitoring.
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Zhang X, Li G, Wang J, Chu J, Wang F, Hu Z, Song Z. Revisiting the Structure and Electrochemical Performance of Poly( o-phenylenediamine) as an Organic Cathode Material. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:27968-27978. [PMID: 35675710 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Poly(o-phenylenediamine) (PoPDA) has been recognized as a low-cost electroactive organic material and studied as a cathode for aqueous zinc batteries or as an anode for nonaqueous lithium batteries. However, there remains a lot of confusion about its synthesis, structure, and electrochemical application. Especially, the previously studied PoPDA samples were mostly synthesized at room temperature, which were proved by us to be just a dimer, that is, 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAPZ). By various characterization methods including elemental analysis and mass spectrometry, we verified that the product synthesized at high temperature, PoPDA-H, was a polymer based on DAPZ as the structural repeat unit and with some imperfect substitutes (OH and NH3+CH3COO-). Based on the reversible redox reaction of phenazine units and the stable polymer structure within 1.3-3.8 V vs Li+/Li, PoPDA-H was more appropriate to be applied as a cathode rather than as an anode for lithium batteries. It achieved a high energy density of 490 Wh kg-1 (2.12 V × 231 mAh g-1) at 50 mA g-1 and a high cycling stability (79%@1000th cycle) at 500 mA g-1, both of which were comparable to previously reported expensive pyrazine- and carbonyl-based polymers. This work clarifies many misunderstandings of PoPDA, which is important to its further development toward practical application in energy-storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Gaofeng Li
- Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Junxiao Wang
- Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jun Chu
- Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zijun Hu
- Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhiping Song
- Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Abdullayev Y, Rzayev R, Autschbach J. Computational mechanistic studies on persulfate assisted p-phenylenediamine polymerization. J Comput Chem 2022; 43:1313-1319. [PMID: 35648394 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
p-Phenylenediamine (p-PDA) is a monomer of many important polymers such as kevlar, twaron, poly-p-PDA. Most of the noticed polymers formation is initiated by a free-radical, but their polymerization mechanism is not elucidated computationally. The proposed study helps to fully understand the frequently utilized initiator/oxidant, potassium persulfate (K2 S2 O8 ) role in the aromatic diamines polymerization, which support experimental protocols, and a polymer scope. The formation of the poly-p-PDA is studied with the density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP-D3 functional using experimental polymerization parameters (0°C and aqueous media). K2 S2 O8 initiated free-radical polymerization of p-PDA is studied in detail, taking into account sulfate free-radical (SO4 - )· , SFR, persulfate anion (S2 O8 )2- , PA and K2 S2 O8 cluster, PP. The reaction mechanism is calculated as the conversion of p-PDA to free-radical, the p-PDA free-radical attack to the next p-PDA (dimerization), ammonia extrusion from the dimer adduct, the dimer adduct conversion to the free-radical (completion of p-PDA polymerization cycle) for the polymer chain elongation. Calculations show that the dimerization step is the rate-limiting step with a 29.2 kcal/mol energy barrier when SFR initiates polymerization. In contrast, the PA-assisted dimerization energy barrier is only 12.7 kcal/mol. PP supported polymerization is calculated to have very shallow energy barriers completing the polymerization cycle, i.e., dimerization (TS2K, ∆G‡ = 11.6 kcal/mol) and ammonia extrusion (TS3K, ∆G‡ = 6.7 kcal/mol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusif Abdullayev
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Baku Engineering University, Baku, Azerbaijan.,Institute of Petrochemical Processes, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Ramil Rzayev
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Baku Engineering University, Baku, Azerbaijan.,Institute of Polymer Materials, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Sumgait, Azerbaijan
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Facile synthesis of the chemically oxidative grafted copolymer of 2,6-diaminopyridine (DAP) and thiophene (Th) for optoelectronic and antioxidant studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Jadoun S, Yáñez J, Mansilla HD, Riaz U, Chauhan NPS. Conducting polymers/zinc oxide-based photocatalysts for environmental remediation: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2022; 20:2063-2083. [PMID: 35221834 PMCID: PMC8857745 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-022-01398-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The accessibility to clean water is essential for humans, yet nearly 250 million people die yearly due to contamination by cholera, dysentery, arsenicosis, hepatitis A, polio, typhoid fever, schistosomiasis, malaria, and lead poisoning, according to the World Health Organization. Therefore, advanced materials and techniques are needed to remove contaminants. Here, we review nanohybrids combining conducting polymers and zinc oxide for the photocatalytic purification of waters, with focus on in situ polymerization, template synthesis, sol-gel method, and mixing of semiconductors. Advantages include less corrosion of zinc oxide, less charge recombination and more visible light absorption, up to 53%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapana Jadoun
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Analítica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Concepción, 4070371 Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción, Chile
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Research Laboratory, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Jorge Yáñez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Analítica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Concepción, 4070371 Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción, Chile
| | - Héctor D. Mansilla
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Concepción, 4070371 Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ufana Riaz
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Research Laboratory, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
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Pisarevskaya EY, Klyuev A, Efimov O. Comparison of electrochemical behavior of composites based on graphene oxide, poly‐o‐phenylenediamine, and heteropolyacids. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yu. Pisarevskaya
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Alexey Klyuev
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Oleg Efimov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences Chernogolovka Russia
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Raza S, Li X, Soyekwo F, Liao D, Xiang Y, Liu C. A comprehensive overview of common conducting polymer-based nanocomposites; Recent advances in design and applications. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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