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Wan Y, Zhang L, Wu T, Tang C, Song H, Cao Q. High-performance and frost-resistance MXene co-ionic liquid conductive hydrogel printed by electrohydrodynamic for flexible strain sensor. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 669:688-698. [PMID: 38733880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels with high performance and frost resistance are essential for flexible electronics, electronic skin, and soft robots. Nonetheless, the preparation of hydrogel-based flexible strain sensors with rapid response, wide strain detection range, and high sensitivity remains a considerable challenge. Furthermore, the inevitable freezing and evaporation of water in sub-zero temperatures and dry environments lead to the loss of flexibility and conductivity in hydrogels, which seriously limits their practical application. In this work, ionic liquids (ILs) and MXene are introduced into gelatin/polyacrylamide (PAM) precursor solution, and a PAM/gelatin/ILs/MXene/glycerol (PGIMG) hydrogel-based flexible strain sensor with MXene co-ILs ion-electron composite conductive network is prepared by combining the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing method and in-situ photopolymerization. The introduction of ILs provides an ionic conductive channel for the hydrogel. The introduction of MXene nanosheets forms an interpenetrating network with gelatin and PAM, which not only provides a conductive channel, but also improves the mechanical and sensing properties of the hydrogel-based flexible strain sensor. The prepared PGIMG hydrogel with the MXene co-ILs ion-electron composite conductive network demonstrates a tensile strength of 0.21 MPa at 602.82 % strain, the conductivity of 1.636 × 10-3 S/cm, high sensitivity (Gauge Factor, GF = 4.17), a wide strain detection range (1-600 %), and the response/recovery times (73 ms and 74 ms). In addition, glycerol endows the hydrogel with excellent freezing (-60 °C) and water retention properties. The application of the hydrogel-based flexible strain sensor in the field of human motion detection and information transmission shows the great potential of wearable devices, electronic skin, and information encryption transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Libing Zhang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Chengli Tang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Haijun Song
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Qianqian Cao
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
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Qin X, Zhao Z, Deng J, Zhao Y, Liang S, Yi Y, Li J, Wei Y. Tough, conductive hydrogels based on gelatin and oxidized sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as flexible sensors. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 335:121920. [PMID: 38616070 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Natural polymer-based hydrogels have been wildly used in electronic skin, health monitoring and human motion sensing. However, the construction of hydrogel with excellent mechanical strength and electrical conductivity totally using natural polymers still faces many challenges. In this paper, gelatin and oxidized sodium carboxymethylcellulose were used to synthesize a double-network hydrogel through the dynamic Schiff base bonds. Then, the mechanical strength of the hydrogel was further enhanced by immersing it in an ammonium sulfate solution based on the Hofmeister effect between gelatin and salt. Finally, the gelatin/oxidized sodium carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel exhibited high tensile properties (614 %), tensile fracture strength (2.6 MPa), excellent compressive fracture strength (64 MPa), and compressive toughness (4.28 MJ/m3). Also, the electrical conductivity reached 3.94 S/m. The hydrogel after salt soaked was fabricated as strain sensors, which could accurately monitor the movement of many joints in the human body, such as fingers, wrists, elbows, neck, and throat. Therefore, the designed hydrogel fully originated from natural polymers and has great application potential in motion detection and information recording.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhe Qin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Zhijie Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Jinxuan Deng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Yupeng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Shuhao Liang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Yi
- Southeast Hospital of Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian Province, PR China.
| | - Junjie Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
| | - Yuping Wei
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
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Gao M, Li J, Peng N, Jiang L, Zhao S, Fu DY, Li G. Multi-stimuli responsive lanthanides-based luminescent hydrogels for advanced information encryption. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lyu B, Ren J, Kang B, Lang Q, Tu J, Bu J, Yang X, Wang H, Gao D, Ma J. Excellent compression performance gelatin/polyacrylamide/vinyl modified SiO2 composite DN hydrogels with shape memory. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jiang L, Li J, Peng N, Gao M, Fu DY, Zhao S, Li G. Reversible stimuli responsive lanthanide-polyoxometalate-based luminescent hydrogel with shape memory and self-healing properties for advanced information security storage. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Li X, Cao L, Chen LP. Multifunctional ionic conductive hydrogels based on gelatin and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid as strain sensors. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ciftbudak S, Orakdogen N. Assessing the compressive elasticity and multi-responsive property of gelatin-containing weakly anionic copolymer gels via semi-IPN strategy. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:7181-7200. [PMID: 36098207 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00938b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A series of semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) hydrogels based on acrylamide (AAm) and itaconic acid (ITA) was prepared in the presence of different amounts of the natural polymer gelatin (GLN). The semi-IPNs were synthesized by simultaneous polymerization using N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent. A pH-sensitive system was obtained by adding 2 mol% ITA as an anionic comonomer. The effect of GLN content by changing the amine/carboxyl functional groups and incorporating carboxyl groups of ITA in semi-IPN on the swelling, elasticity and physical properties of the hydrogels was investigated. The presence of GLN improved the thermal stability, and the GLN-containing semi-IPNs exhibited a higher degradation temperature compared to the GLN-free copolymers. The addition of a small amount of GLN could effectively increase the swelling of the semi-IPNs in water. By employing the GLN-containing semi-IPN as a model system, the solvent/matrix interactions were demonstrated to reveal the effect of solvent structure on the swelling-shrinkage response. The addition of GLN improved the pH-sensitivity of the semi-IPN gels, resulting in a clear response to pH change by action of NH3+ and COOH of GLN and additional COOH groups from ITA. The mechanical performance of the copolymer network was improved by entangling PAAm/ITA chains with GLN, which acted as a reinforcement node. In terms of the effect of Hofmeister anions on the swelling behavior, the anion effect became more pronounced with salt concentration. The affinity of semi-IPNs towards the cationic dyes methylene blue and malachite green was tested and the dependence of the adsorption process on the initial dye concentration, contact time and GLN content was determined. This method presents a simple and efficient approach for the design of chemically crosslinked protein-based gels for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Ciftbudak
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Soft Materials Research Laboratory, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nermin Orakdogen
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Soft Materials Research Laboratory, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
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