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A Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals a BDNF-Centered Molecular Network Associated with Alcohol Dependence and Related Clinical Measures. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123007. [PMID: 36551763 PMCID: PMC9775455 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
At least 50% of factors predisposing to alcohol dependence (AD) are genetic and women affected with this disorder present with more psychiatric comorbidities, probably indicating different genetic factors involved. We aimed to run a genome-wide association study (GWAS) followed by a bioinformatic functional annotation of associated genomic regions in patients with AD and eight related clinical measures. A genome-wide significant association of rs220677 with AD (p-value = 1.33 × 10-8 calculated with the Yates-corrected χ2 test under the assumption of dominant inheritance) was discovered in female patients. Associations of AD and related clinical measures with seven other single nucleotide polymorphisms listed in previous GWASs of psychiatric and addiction traits were differently replicated in male and female patients. The bioinformatic analysis showed that regulatory elements in the eight associated linkage disequilibrium blocks define the expression of 80 protein-coding genes. Nearly 68% of these and of 120 previously published coding genes associated with alcohol phenotypes directly interact in a single network, where BDNF is the most significant hub gene. This study indicates that several genes behind the pathogenesis of AD are different in male and female patients, but implicated molecular mechanisms are functionally connected. The study also reveals a central role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Thompson SL, Gianessi CA, O'Malley SS, Cavallo DA, Shi JM, Tetrault JM, DeMartini KS, Gueorguieva R, Pittman B, Krystal JH, Taylor JR, Krishnan-Sarin S. Saracatinib Fails to Reduce Alcohol-Seeking and Consumption in Mice and Human Participants. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:709559. [PMID: 34531767 PMCID: PMC8438169 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.709559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
More effective treatments to reduce pathological alcohol drinking are needed. The glutamatergic system and the NMDA receptor (NMDAR), in particular, are implicated in behavioral and molecular consequences of chronic alcohol use, making the NMDAR a promising target for novel pharmacotherapeutics. Ethanol exposure upregulates Fyn, a protein tyrosine kinase that indirectly modulates NMDAR signaling by phosphorylating the NR2B subunit. The Src/Fyn kinase inhibitor saracatinib (AZD0530) reduces ethanol self-administration and enhances extinction of goal-directed ethanol-seeking in mice. However, less is known regarding how saracatinib affects habitual ethanol-seeking. Moreover, no prior studies have assessed the effects of Src/Fyn kinase inhibitors on alcohol-seeking or consumption in human participants. Here, we tested the effects of saracatinib on alcohol consumption and craving/seeking in two species, including the first trial of an Src/Fyn kinase inhibitor to reduce drinking in humans. Eighteen male C57BL/6NCrl mice underwent operant conditioning on a variable interval schedule to induce habitual responding for 10% ethanol/0.1% saccharin. Next, mice received 5 mg/kg saracatinib or vehicle 2 h or 30 min prior to contingency degradation to measure habitual responding. In the human study, 50 non-treatment seeking human participants who drank heavily and met DSM-IV criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence were randomized to receive 125 mg/day saracatinib (n = 33) or placebo (n = 17). Alcohol Drinking Paradigms (ADP) were completed in a controlled research setting: before and after 7-8 days of treatment. Each ADP involved consumption of a priming drink of alcohol (0.03 mg%) followed by ad libitum access (3 h) to 12 additional drinks (0.015 g%); the number of drinks consumed and craving (Alcohol Urge Questionnaire) were recorded. In mice, saracatinib did not affect habitual ethanol seeking or consumption at either time point. In human participants, no significant effects of saracatinib on alcohol craving or consumption were identified. These results in mice and humans suggest that Fyn kinase inhibition using saracatinib, at the doses tested here, may not reduce alcohol consumption or craving/seeking among those habitually consuming alcohol, in contrast to reports of positive effects of saracatinib in individuals that seek ethanol in a goal-directed manner. Nevertheless, future studies should confirm these negative findings using additional doses and schedules of saracatinib administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer L Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Carol A Gianessi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Stephanie S O'Malley
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Dana A Cavallo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Julia M Shi
- Program in Addiction Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jeanette M Tetrault
- Program in Addiction Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kelly S DeMartini
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ralitza Gueorguieva
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Brian Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jane R Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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3
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Ehinger Y, Morisot N, Phamluong K, Sakhai SA, Soneja D, Adrover MF, Alvarez VA, Ron D. cAMP-Fyn signaling in the dorsomedial striatum direct pathway drives excessive alcohol use. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:334-342. [PMID: 32417851 PMCID: PMC7852539 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0712-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fyn kinase in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) of rodents plays a central role in mechanisms underlying excessive alcohol intake. The DMS is comprised of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that project directly (dMSNs) or indirectly (iMSNs) to the substantia nigra. Here, we examined the cell-type specificity of Fyn's actions in alcohol use. First, we knocked down Fyn selectively in DMS dMSNs or iMSNs of mice and measured the level of alcohol consumption. We found that downregulation of Fyn in dMSNs, but not in iMSNs, reduces excessive alcohol but not saccharin intake. D1Rs are coupled to Gαs/olf, which activate cAMP signaling. To examine whether Fyn's actions are mediated through cAMP signaling, DMS dMSNs were infected with GαsDREADD, and the activation of Fyn signaling was measured following CNO treatment. We found that remote stimulation of cAMP signaling in DMS dMSNs activates Fyn and promotes the phosphorylation of the Fyn substrate, GluN2B. In contract, remote activation of GαsDREADD in DLS dMSNs did not alter Fyn signaling. We then tested whether activation of GαsDREADD in DMS dMSNs or iMSNs alters alcohol intake and observed that CNO-dependent activation of GαsDREADD in DMS dMSNs but not iMSNs increases alcohol but not saccharin intake. Finally, we examined the contribution of Fyn to GαsDREADD-dependent increase in alcohol intake, and found that systemic administration of the Fyn inhibitor, AZD0503 blocks GαsDREADD-dependent increase in alcohol consumption. Our results suggest that the cAMP-Fyn axis in the DMS dMSNs is a molecular transducer of mechanisms underlying the development of excessive alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Ehinger
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Nadege Morisot
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143 USA ,Present Address: Nkarta Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Khanhky Phamluong
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Samuel A. Sakhai
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143 USA ,grid.476678.c0000 0004 5913 664XPresent Address: Sage Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Drishti Soneja
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Martin F. Adrover
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institutes of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA ,grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Present Address: INGEBI, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Veronica A. Alvarez
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institutes of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA ,grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Center on Compulsive Behaviors, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Dorit Ron
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Morisot N, Berger AL, Phamluong K, Cross A, Ron D. The Fyn kinase inhibitor, AZD0530, suppresses mouse alcohol self-administration and seeking. Addict Biol 2019; 24:1227-1234. [PMID: 30536923 PMCID: PMC7032525 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fyn is a member of the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) that plays an important role not only in normal synaptic functions but also in brain pathologies including alcohol use disorder. We previously reported that repeated cycles of binge drinking and withdrawal activate Fyn in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) of rodents, and that Fyn signaling in the DMS contributes to rat alcohol intake and relapse. Here, we used AZD0530, a CNS penetrable inhibitor of Src PTKs developed for the treatment of Alzheimer disease and cancer and tested its efficacy to suppress alcohol-dependent molecular and behavioral effects. We show that systemic administration of AZD0530 prevents alcohol-induced Fyn activation and GluN2B phosphorylation in the DMS of mice. We further report that a single dose of AZD0530 reduces alcohol operant self-administration and promotes extinction of alcohol self-administration without altering basal and dopamine D1 receptor-dependent locomotion. Together, our findings suggest that AZD0530, through its inhibitory actions on Fyn kinase, dampens alcohol seeking and drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadege Morisot
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Anthony L Berger
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Khanhky Phamluong
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alan Cross
- Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Neuroscience, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Dorit Ron
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Targeting the intracellular signaling "STOP" and "GO" pathways for the treatment of alcohol use disorders. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1727-1743. [PMID: 29654346 PMCID: PMC5949137 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, research has identified the molecular and neural substrates underlying the transition of moderate "social" consumption of alcohol to the characteristic alcohol use disorder (AUD) phenotypes including excessive and compulsive alcohol use which we define in the review as the GO signaling pathways. In addition, growing evidence points to the existence of molecular mechanisms that keep alcohol consumption in check and that confer resilience for the development of AUD which we define herein as the STOP signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on examples of the GO and the STOP intracellular signaling pathways and discuss our current knowledge of how manipulations of these pathways may be used for the treatment of AUD.
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Morisot N, Ron D. Alcohol-dependent molecular adaptations of the NMDA receptor system. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 16:139-148. [PMID: 27906494 PMCID: PMC5444330 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypes such as motivation to consume alcohol, goal-directed alcohol seeking and habit formation take part in mechanisms underlying heavy alcohol use. Learning and memory processes greatly contribute to the establishment and maintenance of these behavioral phenotypes. The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is a driving force of synaptic plasticity, a key cellular hallmark of learning and memory. Here, we describe data in rodents and humans linking signaling molecules that center around the NMDARs, and behaviors associated with the development and/or maintenance of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Specifically, we show that enzymes that participate in the regulation of NMDAR function including Fyn kinase as well as signaling cascades downstream of NMDAR including calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CamKII), the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) play a major role in mechanisms underlying alcohol drinking behaviors. Finally, we emphasize the brain region specificity of alcohol's actions on the above-mentioned signaling pathways and attempt to bridge the gap between the molecular signaling that drive learning and memory processes and alcohol-dependent behavioral phenotypes. Finally, we present data to suggest that genes related to NMDAR signaling may be AUD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Morisot
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D. Ron
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Bubier JA, Wilcox TD, Jay JJ, Langston MA, Baker EJ, Chesler EJ. Cross-Species Integrative Functional Genomics in GeneWeaver Reveals a Role for Pafah1b1 in Altered Response to Alcohol. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:1. [PMID: 26834590 PMCID: PMC4720795 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the biological substrates of complex neurobehavioral traits such as alcohol dependency pose a tremendous challenge given the diverse model systems and phenotypic assessments used. To address this problem we have developed a platform for integrated analysis of high-throughput or genome-wide functional genomics studies. A wealth of such data exists, but it is often found in disparate, non-computable forms. Our interactive web-based software system, Gene Weaver (http://www.geneweaver.org), couples curated results from genomic studies to graph-theoretical tools for combinatorial analysis. Using this system we identified a gene underlying multiple alcohol-related phenotypes in four species. A search of over 60,000 gene sets in GeneWeaver's database revealed alcohol-related experimental results including genes identified in mouse genetic mapping studies, alcohol selected Drosophila lines, Rattus differential expression, and human alcoholic brains. We identified highly connected genes and compared these to genes currently annotated to alcohol-related behaviors and processes. The most highly connected gene not annotated to alcohol was Pafah1b1. Experimental validation using a Pafah1b1 conditional knock-out mouse confirmed that this gene is associated with an increased preference for alcohol and an altered thermoregulatory response to alcohol. Although this gene has not been previously implicated in alcohol-related behaviors, its function in various neural mechanisms makes a role in alcohol-related phenomena plausible. By making diverse cross-species functional genomics data readily computable, we were able to identify and confirm a novel alcohol-related gene that may have implications for alcohol use disorders and other effects of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeremy J Jay
- The Jackson LaboratoryBar Harbor, ME, USA; Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, North Carolina Research CampusKannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Michael A Langston
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Erich J Baker
- School of Engineering and Department of Computer Science, Baylor University Waco, TX, USA
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Thude H, Kramer K, Peine S, Sterneck M, Nashan B, Koch M. Role of the Fyn -93A>G polymorphism (rs706895) in acute rejection after liver transplantation. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:657-62. [PMID: 26407913 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase Fyn phosphorylates tyrosine residues on key targets involved in early T-cell signal transduction. T-cell signal transduction is one essential step for acute transplant rejection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of Fyn -93A>G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs706895) with the susceptibility to acute rejection episodes in liver transplantation. In total, 72 liver transplant recipients with one biopsy proven acute rejection (S-BPAR), 56 with multiple BPAR (M-BPAR), 105 without BPAR (No-BPAR), and 145 healthy controls were enrolled in this case-control study. The SNP was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-allele specific restriction enzyme analysis (PCR-ASRA) and was analyzed for a recessive and a dominant model. The Fyn -93G allele exhibits in healthy controls a statistically significant lower frequency than in liver recipients (18% vs. 24%; p=0.046) or in liver recipients with BPAR (18% vs. 27%; p=0.017). However, the genotype and allele frequencies of the Fyn -93A>G SNP demonstrate no significant differences between recipients with acute rejection episodes (S-BPAR and M-BPAR) and No-BPAR recipients. Thus our results provide no evidence that the Fyn -93A>G SNP contributes to the susceptibility to acute liver transplant rejection in a Caucasian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansjörg Thude
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Kramer
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Peine
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Sterneck
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Medicine, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Nashan
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Koch
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Pascoli V, Cahill E, Bellivier F, Caboche J, Vanhoutte P. Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 activation by addictive drugs: a signal toward pathological adaptation. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:917-26. [PMID: 24844603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Addiction is a chronic and relapsing psychiatric disorder that is thought to occur in vulnerable individuals. Synaptic plasticity evoked by drugs of abuse in the so-called neuronal circuits of reward has been proposed to underlie behavioral adaptations that characterize addiction. By increasing dopamine in the striatum, addictive drugs alter the balance of dopamine and glutamate signals converging onto striatal medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) and activate intracellular events involved in long-term behavioral alterations. Our laboratory contributed to the identification of salient molecular changes induced by administration of addictive drugs to rodents. We pioneered the observation that a common feature of addictive drugs is to activate, by a double tyrosine/threonine phosphorylation, the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in the striatum, which control a plethora of substrates, some of them being critically involved in cocaine-mediated molecular and behavioral adaptations. Herein, we review how the interplay between dopamine and glutamate signaling controls cocaine-induced ERK1/2 activation in MSNs. We emphasize the key role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor potentiation by D1 receptor to trigger ERK1/2 activation and its subsequent nuclear translocation where it modulates both epigenetic and genetic processes engaged by cocaine. We discuss how cocaine-induced long-term synaptic and structural plasticity of MSNs, as well as behavioral adaptations, are influenced by ERK1/2-controlled targets. We conclude that a better knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying ERK1/2 activation by drugs of abuse and/or its role in long-term neuronal plasticity in the striatum may provide a new route for therapeutic treatment in addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pascoli
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emma Cahill
- Institut de Biologie Paris, Seine, CNRS/UMR8246-INSERM/UMR-S1130, Université Pierre et Marie Curie
| | - Frank Bellivier
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, L׳Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand-Widal Sites; Unité de Formation et de Recherche de Médecine, Université Denis Diderot; Variability of the Response to Psychotropic Drugs, Institut National de la Santé et de la; Recherche Médicale, Paris; and Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Jocelyne Caboche
- Institut de Biologie Paris, Seine, CNRS/UMR8246-INSERM/UMR-S1130, Université Pierre et Marie Curie
| | - Peter Vanhoutte
- Institut de Biologie Paris, Seine, CNRS/UMR8246-INSERM/UMR-S1130, Université Pierre et Marie Curie.
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Li J, Zhou HD, Deng J, Zhu J, Li L, Zhang M, Zeng F, Wang YJ. The association of single nucleotide polymorphism of the Fyn gene with sporadic Alzheimer's disease in the Chinese Han population. Neurosci Lett 2014; 575:80-4. [PMID: 24852829 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggested genetic factors contribute to the pathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). Fibroblast Yes related novel (Fyn), a tau kinase, has been reported to be associated with aberrant phosphorylated tau and neurofibrillary tangles formation. Fyn gene may be a potential candidate gene for AD. To investigate the association of the polymorphisms in Fyn gene with the susceptibility to sAD, we conducted a case-control study in a Chinese Han cohort including 200 sAD patients and 243 control participants. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs111787668, rs1057979, rs6916861 and rs12910) within the promoter region of Fyn gene and one (rs7768046) in intron were selected and genotyped with a polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR) method. Logistic regression under four genetic models was used to analyze the association between target SNPs and the risk of sAD. After adjusting for age, sex and APOE ɛ4 status, no association was revealed between these SNPs or the haplotypes containing four SNPs and the risk of sAD (P>0.05). The SNPs in the selected regions of the Fyn gene are unlikely to confer the susceptibility of sAD in the Chinese Han population. Further studies with a larger sample size and different ethnic populations are needed to reveal the role of Fyn gene in the pathogenesis of sAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua-Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Deng
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Zeng
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Integrating GWASs and human protein interaction networks identifies a gene subnetwork underlying alcohol dependence. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 93:1027-34. [PMID: 24268660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a significant genetic contribution to alcohol dependence (AD), few AD-risk genes have been identified to date. In the current study, we aimed to integrate genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and human protein interaction networks to investigate whether a subnetwork of genes whose protein products interact with one another might collectively contribute to AD. By using two discovery GWAS data sets of the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment (SAGE) and the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA), we identified a subnetwork of 39 genes that not only was enriched for genes associated with AD, but also collectively associated with AD in both European Americans (p < 0.0001) and African Americans (p = 0.0008). We replicated the association of the gene subnetwork with AD in three independent samples, including two samples of European descent (p = 0.001 and p = 0.006) and one sample of African descent (p = 0.0069). To evaluate whether the significant associations are likely to be false-positive findings and to ascertain their specificity, we examined the same gene subnetwork in three other human complex disorders (bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and type 2 diabetes) and found no significant associations. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the gene subnetwork was enriched for genes involved in cation transport, synaptic transmission, and transmission of nerve impulses, all of which are biologically meaningful processes that may underlie the risk for AD. In conclusion, we identified a gene subnetwork underlying AD that is biologically meaningful and highly reproducible, providing important clues for future research into AD etiology and treatment.
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12
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Bekris LM, Millard S, Lutz F, Li G, Galasko DR, Farlow MR, Quinn JF, Kaye JA, Leverenz JB, Tsuang DW, Yu CE, Peskind ER. Tau phosphorylation pathway genes and cerebrospinal fluid tau levels in Alzheimer's disease. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012; 159B:874-83. [PMID: 22927204 PMCID: PMC3626266 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence in the brain of amyloid plaques, consisting predominately of the amyloid β peptide (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles, consisting primarily of tau. Hyper-phosphorylated-tau (p-tau) contributes to neuronal damage, and both p-tau and total-tau (t-tau) levels are elevated in AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compared to cognitively normal controls. Our hypothesis was that increased ratios of CSF phosphorylated-tau levels relative to total-tau levels correlate with regulatory region genetic variation of kinase or phosphatase genes biologically associated with the phosphorylation status of tau. Eighteen SNPs located within 5' and 3' regions of 5 kinase and 4 phosphatase genes, as well as two SNPs within regulatory regions of the MAPT gene were chosen for this analysis. The study sample consisted of 101 AD patients and 169 cognitively normal controls. Rs7768046 in the FYN kinase gene and rs913275 in the PPP2R4 phosphatase gene were both associated with CSF p-tau and t-tau levels in AD. These SNPs were also differentially associated with either CSF t-tau (rs7768046) or CSF p-tau (rs913275) relative to t-tau levels in AD compared to controls. These results suggest that rs7768046 and rs913275 both influence CSF tau levels in an AD-associated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M. Bekris
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington,Correspondence to: Lynn M. Bekris, Ph.D., Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, VAPSHCS GRECC S182B, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108.
| | - Steve Millard
- Northwest Network VISN-20 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Franziska Lutz
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Gail Li
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Doug R. Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego and VA Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Martin R. Farlow
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon,Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jeffrey A. Kaye
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon,Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - James B. Leverenz
- Northwest Network VISN-20 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington,Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington,Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington,Northwest Network VISN-20 Parkinson’s Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC), Roseburg, Oregon
| | - Debby W. Tsuang
- Northwest Network VISN-20 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington,Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chang-En Yu
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Elaine R. Peskind
- Northwest Network VISN-20 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington,Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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Pallu S, Rochefort GY, Jaffre C, Refregiers M, Maurel DB, Benaitreau D, Lespessailles E, Jamme F, Chappard C, Benhamou CL. Synchrotron ultraviolet microspectroscopy on rat cortical bone: involvement of tyrosine and tryptophan in the osteocyte and its environment. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43930. [PMID: 22937127 PMCID: PMC3429417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol induced osteoporosis is characterized by a bone mass decrease and microarchitecture alterations. Having observed an excess in osteocyte apoptosis, we aimed to assess the bone tissue biochemistry, particularly in the osteocyte and its environment. For this purpose, we used a model of alcohol induced osteoporosis in rats. Bone sections of cortical bone were investigated using synchrotron UV-microspectrofluorescence at subcellular resolution. We show that bone present three fluorescence peaks at 305, 333 and 385 nm, respectively corresponding to tyrosine, tryptophan and collagen. We have determined that tyrosine/collagen and tryptophan/collagen ratios were higher in the strong alcohol consumption group. Tryptophan is related to the serotonin metabolism involved in bone formation, while tyrosine is involved in the activity of tyrosine kinases and phosphatases in osteocytes. Our experiment represents the first combined synchrotron UV microspectroscopy analysis of bone tissue with a quantitative biochemical characterization in the osteocyte and surrounding matrix performed separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Pallu
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U-658, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France.
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14
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Ohnishi H, Murata Y, Okazawa H, Matozaki T. Src family kinases: modulators of neurotransmitter receptor function and behavior. Trends Neurosci 2011; 34:629-37. [PMID: 22051158 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs) are non-receptor-type protein tyrosine kinases that were originally identified as the products of proto-oncogenes and were subsequently implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation in the developing mammalian brain. Recent studies using transgenic mouse models have demonstrated that SFKs that are highly expressed in the adult brain regulate neuronal plasticity and behavior through tyrosine phosphorylation of key substrates such as neurotransmitter receptors. Here, we provide an overview of these recent studies, as well as discussing how modulation of the endocytosis of neurotransmitter receptors by SFKs contributes, in part, to this regulation. Deregulation of SFK-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of such substrates might underlie certain brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ohnishi
- Laboratory of Biosignal Sciences, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan.
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15
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Fyn Polymorphisms are Associated with Distinct Personality Traits in Healthy Chinese-Han Subjects. J Mol Neurosci 2011; 44:1-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-010-9485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Recently, we collected many large-scale datasets for alcohol dependence and EtOH response in five organisms and deposited them in our EtOH-related gene resource database (ERGR, http://bioinfo.mc.vanderbilt.edu/ERGR/). Based on multidimensional evidence among these datasets, we prioritized 57 EtOH-related candidate genes. To explore their biological roles, and the molecular mechanisms of EtOH response and alcohol dependence, we examined the features of these genes by the Gene Ontology (GO) term-enrichment test and network/pathway analysis. Our analysis revealed that these candidate genes were highly enriched in alcohol dependence/alcoholism and highly expressed in brain or liver tissues. All the significantly enriched GO terms were related to neurotransmitter systems or EtOH metabolic processes. Using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis system, we found that these genes were involved in networks of neurological disease, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory response, and small molecular metabolism. Many key genes in signaling pathways were in the central position of these networks. Furthermore, our protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis suggested some novel candidate genes which also had evidence in the ERGR database. This study demonstrated that our candidate gene selection is effective and our network/pathway analysis is useful for uncovering the molecular mechanisms of EtOH response and alcohol dependence. This approach can be applied to study the features of candidate genes of other complex traits/phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Yuan Guo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
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17
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Marcos M, Pastor I, González-Sarmiento R, Laso FJ. A functional polymorphism of the NFKB1 gene increases the risk for alcoholic liver cirrhosis in patients with alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2009; 33:1857-62. [PMID: 19673747 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01023.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic basis for the predisposition to alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) remains unknown. Increasing evidence supports a role for the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, the NF-kappaB inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA), and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease, raising the possibility that common polymorphisms in genes encoding these molecules may confer susceptibility to ALC. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between common polymorphisms in NFKB1, NFKBIA, and PPARG2 genes and the presence of ALC. METHODS A total of 258 male alcoholics (161 without liver disease and 97 with ALC) and 101 healthy controls were genotyped for the -94ins/delATTG NFKB1, 3'-UTR+126G>A NFKBIA, and 34C>G PPARG2 polymorphisms. The association of these genetic variants with ALC was tested in alcoholic patients with alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. A logistic regression analysis was further performed to analyze the model of inheritance. RESULTS We found an association between the presence of the deletion allele in NFKB1 polymorphism and ALC in patients with alcohol dependence. We found no association between NFKBIA and PPARG2 polymorphisms and the presence of ALC. CONCLUSIONS The deletion allele of the -94ins/del NFKB1 polymorphism could be associated with a higher risk of developing ALC through an increase in inflammation, as supported by previous data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Marcos
- The Unidad de Alcoholismo, Servicio de Medicina Interna II, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Spain
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