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Guzman NA, Guzman DE, Blanc T. Advancements in portable instruments based on affinity-capture-migration and affinity-capture-separation for use in clinical testing and life science applications. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1704:464109. [PMID: 37315445 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The shift from testing at centralized diagnostic laboratories to remote locations is being driven by the development of point-of-care (POC) instruments and represents a transformative moment in medicine. POC instruments address the need for rapid results that can inform faster therapeutic decisions and interventions. These instruments are especially valuable in the field, such as in an ambulance, or in remote and rural locations. The development of telehealth, enabled by advancements in digital technologies like smartphones and cloud computing, is also aiding in this evolution, allowing medical professionals to provide care remotely, potentially reducing healthcare costs and improving patient longevity. One notable POC device is the lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), which played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic due to its ease of use, rapid analysis time, and low cost. However, LFIA tests exhibit relatively low analytical sensitivity and provide semi-quantitative information, indicating either a positive, negative, or inconclusive result, which can be attributed to its one-dimensional format. Immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis (IACE), on the other hand, offers a two-dimensional format that includes an affinity-capture step of one or more matrix constituents followed by release and electrophoretic separation. The method provides greater analytical sensitivity, and quantitative information, thereby reducing the rate of false positives, false negatives, and inconclusive results. Combining LFIA and IACE technologies can thus provide an effective and economical solution for screening, confirming results, and monitoring patient progress, representing a key strategy in advancing diagnostics in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto A Guzman
- Princeton Biochemicals, Inc., Princeton, NJ 08543, United States of America.
| | - Daniel E Guzman
- Princeton Biochemicals, Inc., Princeton, NJ 08543, United States of America; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Timothy Blanc
- Eli Lilly and Company, Branchburg, NJ 08876, United States of America
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2
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Moran AB, Domínguez-Vega E, Nouta J, Pongracz T, de Reijke TM, Wuhrer M, Lageveen-Kammeijer GSM. Profiling the proteoforms of urinary prostate-specific antigen by capillary electrophoresis - mass spectrometry. J Proteomics 2021; 238:104148. [PMID: 33618028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of prostate cancer may lead to the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of patients as well as missing significant cancers. The current diagnostic approach uses elevated serum concentrations of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as an indicator of risk. However, this test has been widely criticized as it shows poor specificity and sensitivity. In order to improve early detection and diagnosis, several studies have investigated whether different PSA proteoforms are correlated to prostate cancer. Until now, studies and methodologies for the comprehensive characterization of PSA proteoforms from biofluids are scarce. For this purpose, we developed an intact protein assay to analyze PSA by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry after affinity purification from patients' urine. Here, we determined six proteolytic cleavage variants. In regard to glycosylation, tri-, di-, mono- and non-sialylated complex-type N-glycans were found on non-cleaved PSA, as well as the non-glycosylated variant. The performance of the intact protein assay was assessed using a pooled sample, obtaining an inter-day variability of 15%. Furthermore, urinary patient samples were analyzed by intact protein analysis and a bottom-up approach (glycopeptide analysis). This combined approach revealed complimentary information on both levels, demonstrating the benefit of using two orthogonal techniques to provide a thorough profile of urinary PSA. SIGNIFICANCE: The detection of clinically relevant prostate cancer requires a more specific and sensitive biomarker and, in this case, several PSA proteoforms may be able to aid or improve the current PSA test. However, a comprehensive analysis of the intact PSA proteoform profile is still lacking. This study investigated the PSA proteoforms present in urine and, in particular, determined the relative contribution of cleaved PSA and non-cleaved PSA forms to the total glycosylation profile. Importantly, intact protein analysis did not require further sample treatment before being measured by CE-ESI-MS. Furthermore, its glycosylation was also assessed in a bottom-up approach to provide complementary information. Overall, these results represent an important basis for future characterization and biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan B Moran
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elena Domínguez-Vega
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Nouta
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tamas Pongracz
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Theo M de Reijke
- Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, Department of Urology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
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3
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LSPR biosensing for the early-stage prostate cancer detection using hydrogen bonds between PSA and antibody: Molecular dynamic and experimental study. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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4
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Kumar A, Sridharn TB, Rao KA. Role of Seminal Plasma Proteins in Effective Zygote Formation- A Success Road to Pregnancy. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:238-250. [PMID: 30734670 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190208112152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Seminal plasma proteins contributed by secretions of accessory glands plays a copious role in fertilization. Their role is overlooked for decades and even now, as Artificial Reproduction Techniques (ART) excludes the plasma components in the procedures. Recent evidences suggest the importance of these proteins starting from imparting fertility status to men, fertilization and till successful implantation of the conceptus in the female uterus. Seminal plasma is rich in diverse proteins, but a major part of the seminal plasma is constituted by very lesser number of proteins. This makes isolation and further research on non abundant protein a tough task. With the advent of much advanced proteomic techniques and bio informatics tools, studying the protein component of seminal plasma has become easy and promising. This review is focused on the role of seminal plasma proteins on various walks of fertilization process and thus, the possible exploitation of seminal plasma proteins for understanding the etiology of male related infertility issues. In addition, a compilation of seminal plasma proteins and their functions has been done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kumar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T B Sridharn
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kamini A Rao
- BACCMILANN Fertility Center Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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5
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Khan MS, Dighe K, Wang Z, Srivastava I, Daza E, Schwartz-Dual AS, Ghannam J, Misra SK, Pan D. Detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in human saliva using an ultra-sensitive nanocomposite of graphene nanoplatelets with diblock-co-polymers and Au electrodes. Analyst 2019; 143:1094-1103. [PMID: 29387841 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01932g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a commonly used biomarker for the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) and there are numerous data available for its invasive detection in the serum and whole blood. In this work, an electrochemical sensing method was devised to detect traces of PSA in human saliva using a hybrid nanocomposite of graphene nanoplatelets with diblock co-polymers and Au electrodes (GRP-PS67-b-PAA27-Au). The pure graphitic composition on filter paper provides significantly high electrical and thermal conductivity while PS67-b-PAA27 makes an amphiphilic bridge between GRP units. The sensor utilizes the binding of an anti-PSA antibody with an antigen-PSA to act as a resistor in a circuit providing an impedance change that in turn allows for the detection and quantification of PSA in saliva samples. A miniaturized electrical impedance analyzer was interfaced with a sensor chip and the data were recorded in real-time using a Bluetooth-enabled module. This fully integrated and optimized sensing device exhibited a wide PSA range of detection from 0.1 pg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 (R2 = 0.963) with a lower limit of detection of 40 fg mL-1. The performance of the biosensor chip was validated with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique with a regression coefficient as high as 0.940. The advantages of the newly developed saliva-PSA electrical biosensor over previously reported serum-PSA electrochemical biosensors include a faster response time (3-5 min) to achieve a stable electrical signal for PSA detection, high selectivity, improved sensitivity, no additional requirement of a redox electrolyte for electron exchange and excellent shelf life. The presented sensor is aimed for clinical commercialization to detect PSA in human saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Khan
- Bioengineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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6
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Gill N, Zouwail S, Joshi H. Prostate-Specific Antigen: a Review of Assay Techniques, Variability and Their Clinical Implications. BIONANOSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-017-0465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Investigation of contactless detection using a giant magnetoresistance sensor for detecting prostate specific antigen. Biomed Microdevices 2017; 18:60. [PMID: 27379844 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a contactless detection method for detecting prostate specific antigen with a giant magnetoresistance sensor. In contactless detection case, the prostate specific antigen sample preparation was separated from the sensor that prevented the sensor from being immersed in chemical solvents, and made the sensor implementing in immediately reuse without wash. Experimental results showed that applied an external magnetic field in a range of 50 Oe to 90 Oe, Dynabeads with a concentration as low as 0.1 μg/mL can be detected by this system and could give an approximate quantitation to the logarithmic of Dynabeads concentration. Sandwich immunoassay was employed for preparing PSA samples. The PSA capture was implemented on a gold film modified with a self-assembled monolayer and using biotinylated secondary antibody against PSA and streptavidinylated Dynabeads. With DC magnetic field in the range of 50 to 90 Oe, PSA can be detected with a detection limit as low as 0.1 ng/mL. Samples spiked with different concentrations of PSA can be distinguished clearly. Due to the contactless detection method, the detection system exhibited advantages such as convenient manipulation, reusable, inexpensive, small weight. So, this detection method was a promising candidate in biomarker detection, especially in point of care detection.
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8
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Selvolini G, Marrazza G. MIP-Based Sensors: Promising New Tools for Cancer Biomarker Determination. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17040718. [PMID: 28353669 PMCID: PMC5421678 DOI: 10.3390/s17040718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Detecting cancer disease at an early stage is one of the most important issues for increasing the survival rate of patients. Cancer biomarker detection helps to provide a diagnosis before the disease becomes incurable in later stages. Biomarkers can also be used to evaluate the progression of therapies and surgery treatments. In recent years, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based sensors have been intensely investigated as promising analytical devices in several fields, including clinical analysis, offering desired portability, fast response, specificity, and low cost. The aim of this review is to provide readers with an overview on recent important achievements in MIP-based sensors coupled to various transducers (e.g., electrochemical, optical, and piezoelectric) for the determination of cancer biomarkers by selected publications from 2012 to 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Selvolini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Marrazza
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy.
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9
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Sandwich immunoassay for the prostate specific antigen using a micro-fluxgate and magnetic bead labels. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Ma H, Zhou J, Li Y, Han T, Zhang Y, Hu L, Du B, Wei Q. A label-free electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on EuPO4 nanowire for the ultrasensitive detection of Prostate specific antigen. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 80:352-358. [PMID: 26855165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
EuPO4 nanowire, which exhibited strong and stable cathodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) activity, was used for the first time to fabricate an immunosensor for the detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA). EuPO4 has some inherent excellent properties such as long luminescence lifetime, narrow emission band, high quantum yield and low toxicity. Based on these properties, a novel label-free ECL immunosensor was developed using EuPO4 as a sensing matrix. Chitosan solution was used to disperse EuPO4 nanowires and the amino groups on chitosan enabled the covalent attachment of capture antibodies. After the modification of the electrode surface with EuPO4 nanowires, anti-PSA was then immobilized on them, forming a label-free immunosensing interface. The specific binding of PSA on the electrode inhibited the ECL reaction of EuPO4 nanowires with the coreactant due to the steric hindrance effect (Deng et al., 2013). Under the optimum conditions, a good linear relationship between ECL intensity and the logarithm of PSA concentration was obtained in the range of 0.0005-80 ng/mL with a detection limit of 177.33 fg/mL. The proposed ECL immunosensor showed good stability, acceptable selectivity and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Ma
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Tongqian Han
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Hu
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Qin Wei
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
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11
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Hwang D, Yoon A, Kim S, Kim H, Chung J. Establishment of a mammalian expression system for recombinant [-2]proPSA and a specific antibody against the truncated leader peptide. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2016; 64:327-336. [PMID: 26790760 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A truncated precursor form of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), [-2]proPSA, is a well-known biomarker for prostate cancer. To develop a biomarker assay, highly purified [-2]proPSA is required as a standard reference and for generation of a specific antibody. In this study, we generated an efficient mammalian expression system for producing a recombinant [-2]proPSA-human kappa constant domain (Cκ ) fusion protein. N-terminal amino acid sequencing using Edman degradation demonstrated that over 95% of the recombinant protein produced is [-2]proPSA, thereby showing for the first time that recombinant [-2]proPSA can be produced as a major fraction. We also generated a recombinant chicken antibody specific to [-2]proPSA but not cross-reactive to recombinant [-7]proPSA-Cκ , [-5]proPSA-Cκ , and PSA purified from human seminal fluid in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot analysis. Also, the recombinant chicken antibody reacted to recombinant [-2]proPSA protein bound to an anti-PSA antibody coated on the micrometer plate in a sandwich ELISA. All of these results suggest that the N-terminus of the [-2]proPSA-Cκ fusion protein resides on the exterior of the protein, thus allowing exposure to the antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dobeen Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aerin Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyori Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Gutiérrez-Zúñiga GG, Hernández-López JL. Sensitivity improvement of a sandwich-type ELISA immunosensor for the detection of different prostate-specific antigen isoforms in human serum using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and an ordered and hierarchically organized interfacial supramolecular architecture. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 902:97-106. [PMID: 26703258 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A gold millielectrode (GME) functionalized with a mixed (16-MHA + EG3SH) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was used to fabricate an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) immunosensor for the sensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a prostate cancer (PCa) biomarker, in human serum samples. To address and minimize the issue of non-specific protein adsorption, an organic matrix (amine-PEG3-biotin/avidin) was assembled on the previously functionalized electrode surface to build up an ordered and hierarchically organized interfacial supramolecular architecture: Au/16-MHA/EG3SH/amine-PEG3-biotin/avidin. The electrode was then exposed to serum samples at different concentrations of a sandwich-type immunocomplex molecule ((Btn)Ab-AgPSA-(HRP)Ab), and its interfacial properties were characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Calibration curves for polarization resistance (RP) and capacitance (1/C) vs. total and free PSA concentrations were obtained and their analytical quality parameters were determined. This approach was compared with results obtained from a commercially available ELISA immunosensor. The results obtained in this work showed that the proposed immunosensor can be successfully applied to analyze serum samples of patients representative of the Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Guadalupe Gutiérrez-Zúñiga
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro S/N, P.O. Box 064, Pedro Escobedo, Qro., Mexico
| | - José Luis Hernández-López
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro S/N, P.O. Box 064, Pedro Escobedo, Qro., Mexico.
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13
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Ertürk G, Hedström M, Tümer MA, Denizli A, Mattiasson B. Real-time prostate-specific antigen detection with prostate-specific antigen imprinted capacitive biosensors. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 891:120-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Biscay J, González García MB, García AC. Determination of Total PSA Using Magnetic Beads and a Re-usable Screen Printed Carbon Electrode Array. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Gilgunn S, Conroy PJ, Saldova R, Rudd PM, O'Kennedy RJ. Aberrant PSA glycosylation--a sweet predictor of prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2013; 10:99-107. [PMID: 23318363 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer--the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide--can have a substantial effect on quality of life, regardless of the route the cancer takes. The serum PSA assay is the current gold standard option for diagnosing prostate cancer. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that PSA screening for prostate cancer results in extensive overdiagnosis and overtreatment. It is increasingly evident that the potential harm from overdiagnosis (in terms of unnecessary biopsies) must be weighed against the benefit derived from the early detection and treatment of potentially fatal prostate cancers. Rapid screening methods have been used to analyse glycosylation patterns on glycoproteins in large cohorts of patients, enabling the identification of a new generation of disease biomarkers. Changes to the expression status of certain glycan structures are now widely thought to be common features of tumour progression. In light of this development, much research has focused on the potential role of altered PSA glycosylation patterns in discriminating between significant and insignificant prostate cancers, with the aim of developing a more reliable diagnostic tool than the current serum PSA test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gilgunn
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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16
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Nolte DD. Invited Review Article: Review of centrifugal microfluidic and bio-optical disks. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2009; 80:101101. [PMID: 19895047 PMCID: PMC2782362 DOI: 10.1063/1.3236681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Spinning biodisks have advantages that make them attractive for specialized biochip applications. The two main classes of spinning biodisks are microfluidic disks and bio-optical compact disks (BioCD). Microfluidic biodisks take advantage of noninertial pumping for lab-on-a-chip devices using noninertial valves and switches under centrifugal and Coriolis forces to distribute fluids about the disks. BioCDs use spinning-disk interferometry, under the condition of common-path phase quadrature, to perform interferometric label-free detection of molecular recognition and binding. The optical detection of bound molecules on a disk is facilitated by rapid spinning that enables high-speed repetitive sampling to eliminate 1/f noise through common-mode rejection of intensity fluctuations and extensive signal averaging. Multiple quadrature classes have been developed, such as microdiffraction, in-line, phase contrast, and holographic adaptive optics. Thin molecular films are detected through the surface dipole density with a surface height sensitivity for the detection of protein spots that is approximately 1 pm. This sensitivity easily resolves a submonolayer of solid-support immobilized antibodies and their antigen targets. Fluorescence and light scattering provide additional optical detection techniques on spinning disks. Immunoassays have been applied to haptoglobin using protein A/G immobilization of antibodies and to prostate specific antigen. Small protein spots enable scalability to many spots per disk for high-throughput and highly multiplexed immonoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Nolte
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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17
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Nolte DD. High-speed spinning-disk interferometry on the BioCD for human diagnostic applications. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2009; 2009:6368-6371. [PMID: 19964164 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2009.5333254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The BioCD is an optical biosensor that uses high-speed spinning-disk interferometry for direct detection of antigen binding in multiplexed immunoassay protein arrays. The high-frequency sampling suppresses the noise floor and enables a metrology-limited height resolution of 1 picometer for measuring surface-bound protein. In assay protocols there is a direct trade-off between multiplex degree and limit of detection. In this paper, we demonstrate quantitative assays and the scaling properties of direct detection on the BioCD in assays of clinical relevance for human diagnostics, including haptoglobin assays and prostate-specific antigen assays in human patient sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Nolte
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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18
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Wang X, Zhao M, Nolte DD. Prostate-specific antigen immunoassays on the BioCD. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:1151-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Healy DA, Hayes CJ, Leonard P, McKenna L, O'Kennedy R. Biosensor developments: application to prostate-specific antigen detection. Trends Biotechnol 2007; 25:125-31. [PMID: 17257699 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Revised: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the best serum marker currently available for the detection of prostate cancer and is the forensic marker of choice for determining the presence of azoospermic semen in some sexual assault cases. Most current assays for PSA detection are processed on large analyzers at dedicated testing sites, which require that samples be sent away for testing. This leads to delays in patient management and increased administration costs. The recent emphasis placed on the need for point-of-care patient management has led to the development of novel biosensor detection strategies that are suitable for the miniaturization of assays for various targets including PSA. This review highlights the current and novel analytical technologies used for PSA detection, which will benefit clinicians, patients and forensic workers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan A Healy
- School of Biotechnology and Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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