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Sood R, Sharma H, Sharma B, Parekh S, Pujari P, Shewale S. A prospective comparative study to assess the efficacy and tolerability of 2 different doses of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2020; 38:433-439. [PMID: 32037199 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is widely used as an immunotherapeutic agent and recommended in management of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). There is no consensus on the optimal dose of the BCG. However, dose reduction has been assessed to decrease the side effects following instillation of BCG. This study compared the efficacy and safety of 80 and 120 mg doses of Sii Onco BCG (Moscow I, Russian strain) in patients with NMIBC. METHODS Patients with histologically confirmed, completely resected solitary or multiple Ta or T1 (with or without carcinoma in situ), grade 1 to 3 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder were included. After transurethral resection of the tumor, repeated intravesical instillations with Sii Onco BCG (80 or 120 mg) were administered, following the induction and 3 weekly maintenance schedule (at 3, 6, 9, 15, 21, 27, and 33 months). Recurrence and progression of the tumor were monitored at scheduled time intervals using cystoscopy. RESULTS A total of 104 eligible patients were enrolled to receive 80 mg (n = 51) dose or 120 mg dose (n = 53) of Sii Onco BCG. On completion of 3 years follow-up, recurrence-free survival rate of 84.31% and 86.79% and progression-free survival rate of 84.31% and 94.34% were observed for 80 and 120 mg groups, respectively; difference being statistically nonsignificant. CONCLUSION Both, 80 and 120 mg doses of Sii Onco BCG are effective and safe for prophylaxis and management of NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Sood
- Department of Urology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Hitt Sharma
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India.
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Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is a common and complex malignancy, with a multifactorial etiology, like environmental factors, such as cigarette smoking, occupational exposure, and genetic factors.UBC exhibits considerable genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Among all UBC lesions, urothelial carcinoma is the most frequently observed histological type. Despite all the developments made in urologic oncology field, therapeutic options remain inadequate. There is urgency for the identification and development of new antineoplastic drugs to replace or improve current protocols and in vivo models have been proven to be essential for this step. There are different animal models of UBC: Spontaneous and experimentally induced models (genetically engineered, transplantable-xenograft and syngeneic animals- and chemically induced models). N-butyl-N(4-hydroxybutil)nitrosamine (BBN) is the most suitable reagent to generate chemically induced in vivo models of UBC and to study bladder carcinogenesis. BBN has proven, over the years, to be very realistic and reliable. It is bladder specific, and induces high tumor incidence.
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Bhandari P, Novikova G, Goergen CJ, Irudayaraj J. Ultrasound beam steering of oxygen nanobubbles for enhanced bladder cancer therapy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3112. [PMID: 29449656 PMCID: PMC5814559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
New intravesical treatment approaches for bladder cancer are needed as currently approved treatments show several side effects and high tumor recurrence rate. Our study used MB49 murine urothelial carcinoma model to evaluate oxygen encapsulated cellulosic nanobubbles as a novel agent for imaging and ultrasound guided drug delivery. In this study, we show that oxygen nanobubbles (ONB) can be propelled (up to 40 mm/s) and precisely guided in vivo to the tumor by an ultrasound beam. Nanobubble velocity can be controlled by altering the power of the ultrasound Doppler beam, while nanobubble direction can be adjusted to different desired angles by altering the angle of the beam. Precise ultrasound beam steering of oxygen nanobubbles was shown to enhance the efficacy of mitomycin-C, resulting in significantly lower tumor progression rates while using a 50% lower concentration of chemotherapeutic drug. Further, dark field imaging was utilized to visualize and quantify the ONB ex vivo. ONBs were found to localize up to 500 µm inside the tumor using beam steering. These results demonstrate the potential of an oxygen nanobubble drug encapsulated system to become a promising strategy for targeted drug delivery because of its multimodal (imaging and oxygen delivery) and multifunctional (targeting and hypoxia programming) properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpak Bhandari
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, United States
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, United States
| | - Gloriia Novikova
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, United States
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, United States
| | - Craig J Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, United States
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, United States
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, United States.
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, United States.
- Department of Bioengineering, UIUC, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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O'Regan T, Tatton M, Lyon M, Masters J. The effectiveness of BCG and interferon against non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a New Zealand perspective. BJU Int 2015; 116 Suppl 3:54-60. [PMID: 26176907 DOI: 10.1111/bju.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To ascertain whether the current practice at Auckland City Hospital of adding interferon to BCG in patients with high risk or recurrent non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) unable or unwilling to undergo radical cystectomy is effective. SUBJECTS AND METHOD This study examined all institutional cases where BCG alone had not been effective or tolerated as primary treatment for NMIBC and the next guideline agreed step of radical cystectomy was unable to be performed. We identified all patients unwilling or unable to undergo radical cystectomy due to patient co-morbidities or preference for whom ongoing treatment and care was required and included 45 in the data analysis. Current practice at Auckland City Hospital is adding interferon α-2b to BCG for this population group and all patients that were given this therapy with at least three years of follow up data from diagnosis were included into the study. Patients were either on maintenance BCG or single dosing. Several secondary outcomes were also assessed concurrently to the primary objective. RESULTS This observational study showed that adding interferon to BCG proved to be an effective therapy for both treatment and salvage therapy in this patient group with 56% of the patients disease (and recurrence) free at the time of audit. 8/45 patients died whilst undergoing treatment with two of these as a direct result of bladder cancer due to disease progression. CONCLUSION This therapy has improved outcomes at our institution and has a place as a treatment of choice in this difficult to manage patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni O'Regan
- Department of Urology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael Tatton
- Department of Urology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maryanne Lyon
- Department of Urology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Masters
- Department of Urology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
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Krönig M, Jilg C, Burger D, Langer M, Timme-Bronsert S, Werner M, Wetterauer U, Seemann WS. BCG Induced Necrosis of the Entire Bladder Urothelium. Urol Case Rep 2015; 3:161-3. [PMID: 26793538 PMCID: PMC4672657 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Instillation therapy with attenuated tuberculosis bacteria (BCG) can significantly reduce rates of recurrence of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Local and systemic side effects such as dysuria, irritative voiding symptoms or partial bladder contracture and systemic inflammation were reported. A 75 year-old male patient with recurrent non muscle invasive bladder cancer developed necrosis of the entire bladder urothelium more than six years after BCG instillation immunotherapy. The resulting irritative voiding symptoms and low bladder capacity required radical cystectomy. BCG instillation can cause severe side effects, which develop gradually and eventually need radical surgical therapy such as cystectomy without tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Krönig
- Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Department of Urology, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +49 761 270 28931.
| | - Cordula Jilg
- Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Department of Urology, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Dieter Burger
- Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Department of Radiology, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Mathias Langer
- Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Department of Radiology, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Sylvia Timme-Bronsert
- Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Department of Pathology, Breisacher Strasse 155a, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Martin Werner
- Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Department of Pathology, Breisacher Strasse 155a, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wetterauer
- Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Department of Urology, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Wolfgang-Schultze Seemann
- Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Department of Urology, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Begnini KR, Buss JH, Collares T, Seixas FK. Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG for immunotherapy in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:3741-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Linden-Castro E, Pelayo-Nieto M, Alias-Melgar A. Penile tuberculosis after intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy. Urology 2014; 84:e3. [PMID: 24958483 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is widely used for treatment of superficial urothelial cancer. Complications associated with BCG treatment are common. The most common are minor reactions as cystitis, hematuria, fever, malaise. We report an unusual case of granulomatous balanoposthitis as a complication of intravesical BCG instillation therapy. To our knowledge, only a few reports of BCG-related penile or urethral granulomatous infection have been previously published in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Linden-Castro
- Urology Department, Centro Medico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Ciudad de México, Distrito Federal.
| | - Marcela Pelayo-Nieto
- Urology Department, Centro Medico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Ciudad de México, Distrito Federal
| | - Alejandro Alias-Melgar
- Urology Department, Centro Medico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Ciudad de México, Distrito Federal
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Prasad SM, Decastro GJ, Steinberg GD. Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: definition, treatment and future efforts. Nat Rev Urol 2011; 8:631-42. [PMID: 21989305 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2011.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The identification of patients with high-risk bladder cancer is important for the timely and appropriate treatment of this lethal disease. The understanding of the natural history of bladder cancer has improved; however, the criteria used to define high-risk disease and the relevant treatment strategies have remained the same for the past several decades, despite multiple large, randomized, prospective clinical trials that have evaluated the use of intravesical, surgical and systemic therapies. The genetic signature of high-risk bladder cancer has been a focus of investigation and has led to the discovery of potential molecular targets for disease identification, risk stratification and therapy. These advances, combined with a comprehensive risk assessment profile that incorporates available pathological and clinical characteristics, might improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip M Prasad
- Section of Urology, University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 6038, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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