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Hokanson JA, Langdale CL, Grill WM. Pathways and parameters of sacral neuromodulation in rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F757-F769. [PMID: 37795537 PMCID: PMC10874681 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00123.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The stimulation paradigm for sacral neuromodulation has remained largely unchanged since its inception. We sought to determine, in rats, whether stimulation-induced increases in bladder capacity correlated with the proportion of sensory pudendal (PudS) neurons at each stimulated location (L6, S1). If supported, this finding could guide the choice of stimulation side (left/right) and level (S2, S3, S4) in humans. Unexpectedly, we observed that acute stimulation at clinically relevant (low) amplitudes [1-1.5 × motor threshold (Tm)], did not increase bladder capacity, regardless of stimulus location (L6 or S1). More importantly for the ability to test our hypothesis, there was little anatomic variation, and S1 infrequently contributed nerve fibers to the PudS nerve. During mapping studies we noticed that large increases in PudS nerve activation occurred at amplitudes exceeding 2Tm. Thus, additional cystometric studies were conducted, this time with stimulation of the L6-S1 trunk, to examine further the relationship between stimulation amplitude and cystometric parameters. Stimulation at 1Tm to 6Tm evoked increases in bladder capacity and decreases in voiding efficiency that mirrored those produced by PudS nerve stimulation. Many animal studies involving electrical stimulation of nerves of the lower urinary tract use stimulation amplitudes that exceed those used clinically (∼1Tm). Our results confirm that high amplitudes generate immediate changes in cystometric parameters; however, the relationship to low-amplitude chronic stimulation in humans remains unclear. Additional studies are needed to understand changes that occur with chronic stimulation, how these changes relate to therapeutic outcomes, and the contribution of specific nerve fibers to these changes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Acute low-amplitude electrical stimulation of sacral nerve (sacral neuromodulation) did not increase bladder capacity in anesthetized CD, obese-prone, or obese-resistant rats. Increasing stimulation amplitude correlated with increases in bladder capacity and pudendal sensory nerve recruitment. It is unclear how the high-amplitude acute stimulation that is commonly used in animal experiments to generate immediate effects compares mechanistically to the chronic low-amplitude stimulation used clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Hokanson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Christopher L Langdale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Warren M Grill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
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Daikh A, Reymond F, Lombardo D, Thuillier C, Bedouch P, Faucheron JL. Retrospective study of sacral neuromodulator implantations in a French hospital center: Lifespan and hospital costs assessment. Int J Colorectal Dis 2023; 38:273. [PMID: 38015254 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-023-04569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sacral nerve neuromodulation (SNM) is a safe and effective therapy for the management of fecal and/or urinary incontinence. The generators InterStim™ and InterStim™ II (Medtronic™) are non-rechargeable active implantable medical devices with a limited lifespan. The aims of this study were to assess the generators' median lifespan for all indications and the long-term hospital costs of the therapy. METHODS This was a retrospective monocentric study that included 215 patients aged over 18 years who were treated by SNM for fecal incontinence and/or urinary incontinence. Lifespan was considered as the amount of time between definitive implantation and observed battery depletion by the surgeon and was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Costs were assessed according to the activity-based pricing of the French public health care system. RESULTS The median observed lifetime of stimulators implanted in our center was 7.29 years and 5.9 years for InterStim™ and InterStim™ II, respectively. The difference observed between the two generations was statistically significant. The modelling of primary implantation and renewal costs allowed us to observe that the decrease in the lifetime of Interstim™ II is associated with an increase in hospital costs over time. The retrospective study design is one limitation and we did not take into consideration stimulation's settings. CONCLUSIONS The InterStim™ II lifespan is shorter than the first-generation device. This is associated with an increase of the long-term hospital costs. Additional information about the new neuromodulator will be required to choose the most appropriate IPG for the patient while optimizing the costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Daikh
- Department of Pharmacy, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Fabienne Reymond
- Department of Pharmacy, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Dorothée Lombardo
- Department of Pharmacy, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Thuillier
- Department of Urology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Pierrick Bedouch
- Department of Pharmacy, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- TIMC-IMAG UMR5525, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Faucheron
- TIMC-IMAG UMR5525, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38041, Grenoble, France
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Visceral Surgery and Acute Care Surgery, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, F-38000, Grenoble, France
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Carlton CE, Souders CP, Chertack NA, Goueli RS, Lemack GE, Anger JT, McClelland L, Carmel ME. Understanding a decade of safety reporting for sacral neuromodulation in the Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database. Neurourol Urodyn 2023; 42:1655-1667. [PMID: 37497812 DOI: 10.1002/nau.25248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over 350 000 sacral neuromodulation (SNM) devices have been implanted since approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1998. SNM technology and clinical applications have evolved, with minimal safety updates after initial trials. We aim to provide an updated overview of real-world SNM safety. These insights will guide informed consent, preoperative counseling, and patient expectation-setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS The FDA Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database is a repository for medical device safety reports. We performed MAUDE categorical (1/1/98-12/31/10) and keyword (1/1/11-9/30/21) searches for "Interstim." A random sample of 1000 reports was reviewed and categorized by theme. To corroborate our MAUDE database analysis, a legal librarian searched the Public Access to Court Electronic Records (PACER) database, as well as Bloomberg Law's dockets database for all lawsuits related to SNM devices. RESULTS Our search of the MAUDE database returned 44 122 SNM-related adverse events (AEs). The figure illustrates the prevalence of event categories in the random sample. The largest proportion of reports (25.6%) related to a patient's need for assistance with device use, followed by loss/change of efficacy (19.0%). Interestingly, a fall preceded issue onset in 32% of non-shock pain, 30% of lead/device migration, and 27% of painful shock reports. Our legal search revealed only four lawsuits: one for patient complications after an SNM device was used off-label, one case of transverse myelitis after implant, one for device migration or poor placement, and the fourth claimed the device malfunctioned requiring removal and causing permanent injury. CONCLUSIONS This review confirms the real-world safety of SNM devices and very low complication rates as seen in the original clinical trials. Our findings indicate that 43.2% (95% confidence interval 40.1%-46.3%) of SNM "complications" are not AEs, per se, but rather reflect a need for improved technical support or more comprehensive informed consent to convey known device limitations to the patient, such as battery life. Similarly, the number of lawsuits is shockingly low for a device that has been in the market for 24 years, reinforcing the safety of the device. Legal cases involving SNM devices seem to relate to inappropriate patient selection-including at least one case in which SNM was used for a non-FDA approved indication-lack of appropriate follow-up, and/or provider inability to assist the patient with utilizing the device after implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Carlton
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Colby P Souders
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Nathan A Chertack
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ramy S Goueli
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Gary E Lemack
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer T Anger
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lynn McClelland
- School of Law, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maude E Carmel
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
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de Miguel Valencia MJ, Cabasés Hita JM, Sánchez Iriso E, Oteiza Martínez F, Alberdi Ibañez I, Álvarez López A, Ortiz Hurtado H, de Miguel Velasco MJ. Long-term cost-effectiveness analysis of sacral neuromodulation in the treatment of severe faecal incontinence. Colorectal Dis 2023; 25:1821-1831. [PMID: 37547929 DOI: 10.1111/codi.16692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of sacral neuromodulation in the treatment of severe faecal incontinence as compared with symptomatic management. METHODS In the public health field, a micro-costing evaluation method was conducted from the perspectives of the health system and the society. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was used as a decision index, and we considered various scenarios to evaluate the impact of the cost of symptomatic management and percutaneous nerve evaluation success rate in its calculation. Clinical data were retrieved from a consecutive cohort of 93 patients with severe faecal incontinence undergoing sacral neuromodulation after a failure of conservative (pharmacological and biofeedback) and/or surgical (sphincteroplasty) first-line treatments were considered. RESULTS The long-term incremental cost-effectiveness ratio comparing sacral neuromodulation versus symptomatic management was 14347€/QALY and 28523€/QALY from the societal and health service provider's perspectives, respectively. If the definitive pulse generator implant success rate was 100%, incremental cost-effectiveness would correspond to 6831€/QALY and 16761€/QALY, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Sacral neuromodulation may be considered a cost-effective technique in the long-term treatment of severe faecal incontinence from the societal and health care sector perspectives. Improving patient selection and determining the predictive outcome factors for successful sacral neuromodulation in the treatment of faecal incontinence would improve cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan M Cabasés Hita
- Department of Economics, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
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Mueller MG, Das P, Andy U, Brennaman L, Dieter AA, Dwarica D, Kirby AC, Shepherd JP, Gregory WT, Amundsen CL. Longitudinal urinary microbiome characteristics in women with urgency urinary incontinence undergoing sacral neuromodulation. Int Urogynecol J 2023; 34:517-525. [PMID: 35608624 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-022-05219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS The objective was to evaluate the stability of the urinary microbiome communities in women undergoing sacral neuromodulation (SNM) for urgency urinary incontinence (UUI). We hypothesized that clinical response to SNM therapy would be associated with changes in the urinary microbiome. METHODS Women completed the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire Short-Form, the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form, and the Female Sexual Function Index at baseline and 3 months post-SNM implantation. Transurethral urinary specimens were obtained for microbiome analysis at baseline and 3 months postoperatively. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene (515F-806R) was amplified with region-specific primers, and Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) were identified with a closed-reference approach of taxonomic classification. Alpha-diversity was calculated using the phylogenetic (i.e., Faith's phylogenetic diversity) and nonphylogenetic metrics (i.e., Shannon diversity, and Pielou's evenness) using the QIIME2 plugin. Longitudinal paired volatility analysis was performed using the DEICODE and Gemelli plugin to account for host specificity across both time and space. RESULTS Nineteen women who underwent SNM and provided both baseline and 3-month urine samples were included in this analysis. Women reported improvement in objective (number of UUI episodes) and subjective (symptom severity and health-related quality of life) measures. Ninety percent of the bacteria were classified as Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. No significant differences were observed in each subject's beta-diversity at 3 months compared with their baseline microbiome. CONCLUSIONS Our descriptive pilot study of a cohort of women who had achieved objective and subjective improvements in UUI following SNM therapy demonstrates that the urinary microbiome remains relatively stable, despite variability amongst the cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret G Mueller
- Northwestern University, 250 E. Superior St, Suite 05-2113, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Promi Das
- University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Uduak Andy
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Liechti MD, van der Lely S, Knüpfer SC, Abt D, Kiss B, Leitner L, Mordasini L, Tornic J, Wöllner J, Mehnert U, Bachmann LM, Burkhard FC, Engeler DS, Pannek J, Kessler TM. Sacral Neuromodulation for Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction. NEJM EVIDENCE 2022; 1:EVIDoa2200071. [PMID: 38319849 DOI: 10.1056/evidoa2200071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) is a highly prevalent and disabling condition; nevertheless, standard treatments often remain unsatisfactory. Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a well-established therapy for non-NLUTD, but there is a lack of randomized controlled trials to show benefit in patients with NLUTD. METHODS: For this sham-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial, patients with refractory NLUTD (and intended SNM) were recruited at four Swiss SNM referral centers. After lead placement into the sacral foramina S3 (rarely, S4), all participants underwent SNM testing. If successful (≥50% improvement in key bladder diary variables), the neurostimulator was implanted for permanent stimulation. For 2 months, neuromodulation was optimized using subsensory stimulation with individually adjusted parameters. Thereafter, the neurostimulator remained on or was switched off (1:1 random allocation to group SNM ON or SNM OFF, respectively) for 2 months, followed by a neurourologic reevaluation. The primary outcome was success, as defined above, of SNM compared with baseline. RESULTS: Of 124 patients undergoing SNM testing, 65 (52%) had successfully improved lower urinary tract function. Of these, 60 patients (median age, 49.5 years; 43 women) were randomly assigned to the intervention. After 2 months of intervention, the SNM ON group demonstrated a success rate of 76%. In the SNM OFF group, 42% of patients showed sustained SNM effects despite their neurostimulator being switched off during the last 2 months (odds ratio, 4.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.43 to 13.21; P=0.009). During the entire study period, there were 11 adverse events (6 dropouts; no dropouts during the intervention phase). CONCLUSIONS: SNM effectively corrected refractory NLUTD in the short term in well-selected neurologic patients. (Funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, Vontobel–Stiftung, Gottfried und Julia Bangerter–Rhyner Stiftung, Dr. Urs Mühlebach, and the Swiss Continence Foundation; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02165774.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina D Liechti
- Department of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie van der Lely
- Department of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie C Knüpfer
- Department of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Abt
- Department of Urology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, Spitalzentrum Biel/Centre Hospitalier Bienne, Biel/Bienne, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Kiss
- Department of Urology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Leitner
- Department of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Livio Mordasini
- Department of Urology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- URO-Sursee, Uroviva, Sursee, Switzerland
| | - Jure Tornic
- Department of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Clinic for Urology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Jens Wöllner
- Neuro-Urology, Swiss Paraplegic Center, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Mehnert
- Department of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Fiona C Burkhard
- Department of Urology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel S Engeler
- Department of Urology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Pannek
- Department of Urology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Neuro-Urology, Swiss Paraplegic Center, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M Kessler
- Department of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Hao D, Yurter A, Chu R, Salisu-Orhurhu M, Onyeaka H, Hagedorn J, Patel K, D'Souza R, Moeschler S, Kaye AD, Orhurhu V. Neuromodulation for Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Comprehensive Review. Pain Ther 2022; 11:1137-1177. [PMID: 36109459 PMCID: PMC9633896 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-022-00430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a symptom that derives from a complex group of heterogeneous pathologies of the pelvic organs. The aim of this study was to review the available evidence on efficacy of neuromodulatory modalities including sacral neuromodulation, dorsal root ganglion stimulation, dorsal column neuromodulation, and pudendal nerve stimulation. METHODS This narrative review focuses on updated information on neuromodulation for management of chronic pelvic pain. In 2022, we searched English-language studies on neuromodulation, pelvic pain, and chronic pain in a comprehensive search. We searched the following databases: PubMed, Medline, SciHub, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Google Scholar. We used the following combinations of keywords: neuromodulation, pelvic pain, chronic pain, chronic pelvic pain, pelvic pain treatment. We tried to include as many recent manuscripts as possible (within the last 3 years) but also included papers older than 3 years if they were particularly relevant to our topic. We also attempted to search for, use, and cite primary manuscripts whenever possible. RESULTS CPP is a challenging entity to treat because of diagnostic inconsistencies and limited evidence for therapeutic modalities. Our review found evidence suggestive of benefit for all modalities reviewed but the data was of overall low quality with numerous limitations. The literature highlights a lack of randomized controlled trials for neuromodulatory therapies but suggests a growing role for such techniques in treating refractory chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS). CONCLUSIONS This review explores the available evidence on efficacy of neuromodulatory modalities for CPPS and contextualizes the results with information about the type of neuromodulation, lead location and waveform, pain outcomes and assessment timepoints, and reported adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hao
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alp Yurter
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mariam Salisu-Orhurhu
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Susquehanna, Williamsport, PA, USA
- MVM Health, East Stroudsburg, PA, USA
| | - Henry Onyeaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kiran Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Ryan D'Souza
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Susan Moeschler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alan David Kaye
- Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neurosciences, LSU School of Medicine, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, LSU School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Vwaire Orhurhu
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Susquehanna, Williamsport, PA, USA.
- MVM Health, East Stroudsburg, PA, USA.
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Statewide Success of Staged Sacral Neuromodulation for the Treatment of Urinary Complaints in California (2005-2011). Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2021; 26:437-442. [PMID: 30059438 DOI: 10.1097/spv.0000000000000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sacral neuromodulation (SNS) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a third-line treatment for refractory overactive bladder, idiopathic urinary retention, and fecal incontinence. Prior to implantation of an implantable pulse generator, all patients undergo a trial phase to ensure symptom improvement. The published success rates of progression from the test phase to permanent implant vary widely (range, 24% to >90%). We sought to characterize success rates using a statewide registry. METHODS Using nonpublic data, we identified SNS procedures using the California Office of Statewide Planning and Development ambulatory surgery database from 2005 to 2011. A successful trial was defined as receiving a stage 2 generator implantation after trial lead placement. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with staged success. RESULTS During the study period, 1396 patients underwent a staged SNS procedure, with 962 (69%) subsequently undergoing generator placement. Successful trial rates were 72% for overactive bladder wet, 69% for urgency/frequency, 68% for interstitial cystitis, 67% for neurogenic bladder, and 57% for urinary retention. On multivariate logistic regression, only male sex (odds ratio, 0.51) and urinary retention [odds ratio, 0.54) were significantly associated with lower odds of success, whereas age, race/ethnicity, medical insurance, and placement at an academic or high-volume institution had no association. CONCLUSIONS The "real world" success rates for staged SNS implantation in California are less than those observed by some academic centers of excellence but better than previously reported for Medicare beneficiaries. Successful trial rates for interstitial cystitis and neurogenic voiding dysfunction are similar to refractory overactive bladder.
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Abstract
Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) has been available in the United States for more than 20 years and is a guideline-recommended therapy by both the American Urological Association and the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, with proven long-term success for urinary urgency incontinence, urinary urgency frequency, nonobstructive urinary retention, and fecal incontinence. Initially the therapy involved a more invasive surgical approach that included a large cut down over the sacrum. This article reviews recent advancements in SNM therapy including updates in best practices for implant technique, technological innovations, and the new clinical literature relevant to contemporary practice.
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Couvaras A, Goudelocke C. Optimizing Lead Placement in Sacral Neuromodulation. CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11884-021-00634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bakrim N, Chabannes É, Detree P, Balssa L, Wagner L, Kleinclauss F. [Sacral neuromodulation as treatment of non-neurological vesical emptying disorders]. Prog Urol 2021; 32:14-22. [PMID: 34332832 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
GOAL The goal was to evaluate the results of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) in non-neurological vesical emptying disorders. PATIENTS AND METHODS From February 2010 to October 2017, 28 patients presenting voiding symptoms or a non-obstructive chronic urine retention without neurological cause have been operated for an SNM (test phase). The test was positive in case of decreased number of proper intermittent self-catheterization (SC) or post-voiding residual urine (PVR) of at least 50 %. A 100 % positive result meant the return to a spontaneous voiding without SC with a non-significative PVR (<100ml). RESULTS The median follow-up was of 53.2±21.2 months. Twenty-four (85.7%) tests were positive, from which twenty-two (78.6%) were 100% positive. 16 (84.2%) out of 19 patients with SC had spontaneous voiding without PVR. The number of daily SC decreased from 4.6±1.5 to 0.4±1.2 in post-operative (P<0.001). The PVR was of 287.1±170.4ml vs. 30.4±48.6ml in post-operative (P<0.001). Fourteen patients (58.3%) underwent at least one chirurgical revision or a removal of material ; mainly for loss of efficiency, end of battery, electrode migration and pain on material. At the end of the follow-up, 70.8% of the responding patients had their device still efficient. CONCLUSION Results showed that SNM appears to be an efficient treatment of non-neurological emptying vesical troubles. Nevertheless, the re-operation rate was still significant. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bakrim
- Service d'urologie andrologie et transplantation rénale, CHRU Minjoz, Besançon, France; Université de Franche Comte, Besançon, France.
| | - É Chabannes
- Service d'urologie andrologie et transplantation rénale, CHRU Minjoz, Besançon, France
| | - P Detree
- Service d'urologie andrologie et transplantation rénale, CHRU Minjoz, Besançon, France
| | - L Balssa
- Service d'urologie andrologie et transplantation rénale, CHRU Minjoz, Besançon, France
| | - L Wagner
- Service d'urologie andrologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes, France
| | - F Kleinclauss
- Service d'urologie andrologie et transplantation rénale, CHRU Minjoz, Besançon, France; Université de Franche Comte, Besançon, France; Nanomedicine Lab, Imagery and Therapeutics", EA 4662, Besancon, France
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Wang A, Rourke E, Sebesta E, Dmochowski R. Axonics® system for treatment of overactive bladder syndrome and urinary urgency incontinence. Expert Rev Med Devices 2021; 18:727-732. [PMID: 34187274 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2021.1947794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Overactive bladder and urge urinary incontinence affect millions of women and men and results in billions of dollars in health-care expenses. First- and second-line therapy includes behavioral modifications and/or pharmacotherapies however, many patients' symptoms remain or progress on these treatments. There has been concern regarding the detrimental side effects of the most widely prescribed medications for these bladder symptom management.Areas covered: As a result, there has been increased interest in continuous sacral neuromodulation, an FDA approved therapy for refractory urinary urgency and urge urinary incontinence. In this article, we specifically review current research on the efficacy and patient/provider satisfaction and safety profile of the Axonics® System. In addition, we address the current state of sacral neuromodulation and potential future direction and applicability.Expert opinion: The Axonics® system is a safe effective device for the treatment of overactive bladder and urinary urge incontinence. Additionally, it affords patient's the convenience of a rechargeable, compact, MRI safe system. It should be noted that the rechargeable system, while allowing for approximately 15 years of battery and lead life, may have its challenges in terms of charge burden. Furthermore, this system is easily adapted for experienced implanters of sacral neuromodulating devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Wang
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rourke
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elisabeth Sebesta
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roger Dmochowski
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Nashville, TN, USA
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Chen G. AUTHOR REPLY. Urology 2021; 153:350. [PMID: 34311919 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Chen
- Department of Urology, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China; Department of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Masood I, Chen Q, Li J, Xu Z, Ying X, Wang Y, Chen G, Liao L. Sacral Neuromodulation in Patients With Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: A Multicenter Retrospective Study From China. Neuromodulation 2021; 24:1278-1283. [PMID: 33908130 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This retrospective study aimed to determine the effectiveness of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) on neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) and analyze the predictive factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS From January 2012 to January 2020, 152 subjects with NLUTD from four medical centers in China received SNM test stimulation. Subjects were assessed via bladder diaries, postvoid residual volumes (PRVs) and neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) scores before and during the testing period. Patients who showed a minimum 50% improvement in symptoms through the SNM test phase were eligible for permanent SNM implantation. RESULTS The pooled success rate for chronic urinary retention was 31.0% (40/129), which was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the rates for frequency-urgency (64.8%, 59/91), urinary incontinence (65.2%, 30/46), and NBD score (61.7%, 82/133). The results of the risk factor analysis showed that the urinary storage symptom was a statistically significant positive predictor (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, SNM is an effective and reliable method for treating NLUTD, especially in patients with urinary storage symptoms. Although not all of the symptoms in every patient can be resolve, SNM still might be a superior choice together with other treatment procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifrah Masood
- Department of Urology, China Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihui Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ying
- Department of Urology, China Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Urology, China Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- Department of Urology, China Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Liao
- Department of Urology, China Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Chen Q, Chen G, He X, Chong T, Zhou J, Zhang J, Han H, Nan N. Application of ultrasound during electrode implantation for sacral neuromodulation in patients with neurogenic bladder secondary to spinal cord disease: a retrospective study. Int Urol Nephrol 2021; 53:1325-1330. [PMID: 33743121 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-021-02824-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the use of intraoperative ultrasound with X-ray fluoroscopy during sacral neuromodulation lead electrode placement in patients with neurogenic bladder secondary to spinal cord disease. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of 52 patients who underwent sacral neuromodulation (SNM) lead electrode implantation under fluoroscopy or ultrasound guidance from July 2016 to July 2019. The operating time, number of electrode contacts with stimulus responses, minimum voltage that causes a stimulus response, and rate of standard lead electrode placement were used to assess the differences between the two methods. All patients were evaluated by recording bladder diaries, postvoid residual volumes before and during the testing period. Permanent SNM implantation is acceptable if symptoms improve by at least 50%. RESULTS The operating time decreased from 87.1 ± 25.19 min in the X-ray group to 68.2 ± 25.20 min (p < 0.05) in the ultrasound group. The number of electrode contacts with stimulus responses, rate of standard lead electrode placement, and implantable pulse generator (IPG) placement rate were not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05). There was no radiation exposure during the operation in the ultrasound group. No incisional infections, hematomas, or other critical complications were reported in either groups. CONCLUSION Ultrasound can be applied to safely place lead electrode for sacral neuromodulation and leads to no radiation exposure to the patient, surgeon, and operating room staff and a shortened operating time while maintaining the same efficacy as X-ray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- Department of Urology, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China.
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Tie Chong
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinsong Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianshui Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ning Nan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
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16
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The Effect of Sacral Neuromodulation in Ambulatory Spina Bifida Patients with Neurogenic Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction. Urology 2021; 153:345-350. [PMID: 33556449 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) in ambulatory spina bifida patients with neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 29 ambulatory spina bifida patients with neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction who underwent SNM testing from July 2012 to January 2020. Clinical data and video-urodynamic parameters were collected and compared using the t-test and the chi-square test. The potential risk factors were considered by logistic regression analysis. P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS In the test phase, 21 patients (72.4%) achieved successful improvement of at least 1 symptom. The success rate for chronic urinary retention (26.09%) was significantly lower (P <.05) than that for urgency-frequency syndrome (58.82%) and urinary incontinence (56.25%). The mean neurogenic bowel dysfunction score decreased from 13.3±6.29 to 6.9±5.09 (P <.0001). The urodynamic evaluation showed a significant improvement in the mean maximum cystometric capacity, compliance, and maximum detrusor pressure (P <.05). Implantation was performed in 16 cases (55.17%). The analysis of the risk factors showed that chronic urinary retention was a statistically significant variable (P <.05). No complications were reported in the test phase. The average follow-up time was 41.19±33.06 months. Two patients changed to intermittent catheterization, and 2 patients changed to augmentation cystoplasty. CONCLUSION SNM is effective for neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction in patients with ambulatory spina bifida, especially in those without chronic urinary retention. And SNM can also significantly improve the urodynamic parameters of these patients during the storage period.
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Chen G, Liao L, Wang Y, Ying X. Effect of sacral neuromodulation on bowel dysfunction in patients with neurogenic bladder. Colorectal Dis 2020; 22:2155-2160. [PMID: 32681678 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical effect of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) on bowel dysfunction in patients with neurogenic bladder using the neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) score. METHOD Between July 2012 and July 2019, 41 patients with both neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction underwent permanent SNM implantation. The NBD score was used to evaluate the bowel symptoms before the testing phase and at follow-up. The first follow-up was at the time of discharge after permanent implantation. The second follow-up was conducted by telephone after discharge. RESULTS The mean NBD score before the testing phase was 11.0 ± 5.83, whilst it significantly decreased to 5.2 ± 5.32 (n = 41, P < 0.05) at the first follow-up (32 ± 3.9 days). Before the testing phase, there were 9 patients with very minor NBD, 10 with minor NBD, 13 with moderate NBD and 9 with severe NBD. At the first follow-up, there were 26 patients with very minor NBD, 7 with minor NBD, 4 with moderate NBD and 4 with severe NBD (P < 0.05). Twenty-six patients were interviewed in the long-term follow-up (34 ± 30.9 months). The NBD score in these 26 patients was 5.6 ± 5.18, which was not significantly different from the NBD score (5.5 ± 5.33) at the first follow-up (n = 26, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION SNM facilitates a significant reduction in NBD score in patients with neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction. The improvement in NBD symptoms can also be used as a future indicator to determine the clinical efficacy of permanent SNM implantation in the treatment of neurogenic bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chen
- Department of Urology, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L Liao
- Department of Urology, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Urology, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - X Ying
- Department of Urology, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Keller EE, Patras I, Hutu I, Roider K, Sievert KD, Aigner L, Janetschek G, Lusuardi L, Zimmermann R, Bauer S. Early sacral neuromodulation ameliorates urinary bladder function and structure in complete spinal cord injury minipigs. Neurourol Urodyn 2019; 39:586-593. [PMID: 31868966 PMCID: PMC7027870 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aims To determine the effects of early sacral neuromodulation (SNM) and pudendal neuromodulation (PNM) on lower urinary tract (LUT) function, minipigs with complete spinal cord injury (cSCI) were analyzed. SNM and PNM have been proposed as therapeutic approaches to improve bladder function, for example after cSCI. However, further evidence on efficacy is required before these methods can become clinical practice. Methods Eleven adults, female Göttingen minipigs with cSCI at vertebral level T11‐T12 were included: SNM (n = 4), PNM (n = 4), and SCI control (SCIC: n = 3). Tissue from six healthy minipigs was used for structural comparisons. Stimulation was started 1 week after cSCI. Awake urodynamics was performed on a weekly basis. After 16 weeks follow‐up, samples from the urinary bladder were taken for analyses. Results SNM improved bladder function with better capacities and lower detrusor pressures at voiding and avoided the emergence of detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD). PNM and untreated SCI minipigs had less favorable outcomes with either DSD or constant urinary retention. Structural results revealed SCI‐typical fibrotic alterations in all cSCI minipigs. However, SNM showed a better‐balanced distribution of smooth muscle to connective tissue with a trend towards the reduced progression of bladder wall scarring. Conclusion Early SNM led to an avoidance of the emergence of DSD showing a more physiological bladder function during a 4 month follow‐up period after cSCI. This study might pave the way for the clinical continuation of early SNM for the treatment of neurogenic LUT dysfunction after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E Keller
- Department of Urology and Andrology, University Clinics Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Irina Patras
- Banat University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Hutu
- Banat University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Karin Roider
- Department of Urology and Andrology, University Clinics Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Karl-Dietrich Sievert
- Klinik für Urologie, Klinikum Lippe, Detmold, Germany.,Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster of Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Günter Janetschek
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lukas Lusuardi
- Department of Urology and Andrology, University Clinics Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Sophina Bauer
- Department of Urology and Andrology, University Clinics Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Neuromodulation - a therapeutic option for refractory overactive bladder. A recent literature review. Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne 2019; 14:476-485. [PMID: 31908692 PMCID: PMC6939208 DOI: 10.5114/wiitm.2019.85352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Overactive bladder (OAB) affects approximately 17% of the population. The treatment of this clinical condition is challenging, especially when conservative therapy is not effective. There are limited options for the treatment of recurrent OAB. Neuromodulation has taken a significant place in the therapy of recalcitrant lower urinary tract dysfunctions over the past 20 years. The aim of this study was to review the literature evaluating the different forms of neuromodulation in various urological clinical conditions and to show the future prospects of this treatment method. Further studies are necessary to determine the effectiveness of neuromodulation and to identify the prognostic factors of therapeutic success. This could be helpful in the selection of patients who will be most likely to respond positively to the treatment.
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20
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El-Azab AS, Siegel SW. Sacral neuromodulation for female pelvic floor disorders. Arab J Urol 2019; 17:14-22. [PMID: 31258941 PMCID: PMC6583747 DOI: 10.1080/2090598x.2019.1589930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To systematically review available studies on the effectiveness and safety of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) in women with various pelvic floor disorders not responding to more conservative treatment, as SNM is indicated in such women. Methods: Data source: We did a systematic review through the PubMed and the Cochrane Library according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement from 1998 to 2018 in English using the keywords ‘Sacral Neuromodulation’ and ‘Sacral Nerve Stimulation’. Study selection: Randomised controlled trials and prospective studies were selected, with a minimum sample size of 20 patients and ≥6 months of follow-up. Results: We identified 19 articles. A ≥50% reduction in symptoms qualifies the patient for a permanent implant. Several advances have been introduced into SNM to decrease the invasiveness of the procedure, including a smaller implantable pulse generator battery (improved comfort) and better localisation of the lead wire (improved outcome). The literature reports success for overactive bladder (OAB) to range between 56% and 68% (up to 80%). We report a 5-year therapeutic success rate of 67%. In our previous studies, 38% of our patients with urge urinary incontinence achieved complete continence at 60-months follow-up, with a therapeutic response rate of 57%. Effectiveness in patients with urinary retention and faecal incontinence are about 70% and 85%, respectively. Effectiveness in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome appears to be lower compared with OAB. Conclusion: SNM is a safe and effective therapy for women with various pelvic floor disorders. Abbreviations: BONT: botulinum toxin; FDA: USA Food and Drug Administration; FS: Fowler’s syndrome; FI: faecal incontinence; IC/BPS: interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome; ICIQ-OABqol: International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire-Overactive Bladder Symptoms Quality of Life; INS: implantable neurostimulator; OAB: overactive bladder; PET: positron emission tomography; PNE: peripheral nerve evaluation; PRISMA: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses; PTNM: posterior tibial nerve modulation; PVR: post-void residual urine; QoL: quality of life; RCT: randomised controlled trial; SNM: sacral neuromodulation; (U)UI: (urgency) urinary incontinence
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S El-Azab
- Section of Female Urology and NeuroUrology, Assiut University Urology Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Steven W Siegel
- Minnesota Urology Centers for Continence Care and Female Urology, Woodbury, MN, USA
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21
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Mahran A, Baaklini G, Hassani D, Abolella HA, Safwat AS, Neudecker M, Hijaz AK, Mahajan ST, Siegel SW, El-Nashar SA. Sacral neuromodulation treating chronic pelvic pain: a meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature. Int Urogynecol J 2019; 30:1023-1035. [PMID: 30874835 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-019-03898-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is gaining popularity as a treatment option for chronic pelvic pain (CPP). Our hypothesis is that SNM is effective in improving CPP. METHODS A systematic search was conducted through September 2018. Peer-reviewed studies using pre- and postpain intensity scores were selected. The primary outcome was pain improvement on a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS) (adjusted or de novo) in patients with CPP. Secondary outcomes included comparing SNM approaches and etiologies and evaluating lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). RESULTS Fourteen of 2175 studies, evaluating 210 patients, were eligible for further analysis. The overall VAS pain score improvement was significant [weighted mean difference (WMD) -4.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -5.22, to-3.64, p < 0.0001)]. Regarding SNM approach, both standard and caudal approaches had significant reduction in pain scores: WMD -4.32, CI 95% = -5.32, to -3.31 (p < 0.001) for the standard approach, compared with WMD -4.63, 95% CI = -6.57 to -2.69 (P < 0.001), for the caudal approach (p = 0.75). While significant improvement in pain was observed both in patients with and without interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), the observed improvement was lower in patients with (WMD -4.13, CI 95% -5.36 to -2.90 versus without (WMD -5.72, CI 95% = -6.18, to-5.27) IC/BPS (p = 0.02). SNM was effective in treating voiding symptoms (frequency, urgency, nocturia) associated with IC/BPS (all p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS SNM is an effective therapy for CPP in both IC/BSP and non-IC/BSP patients, with better results in non-IC/BSP patients. Outcomes of the antegrade caudal approach were comparable with the standard retrograde approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Mahran
- Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Mailstop MAC 5034, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Urology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Gina Baaklini
- Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daisy Hassani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mandy Neudecker
- Core Library, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Adonis K Hijaz
- Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Mailstop MAC 5034, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sangeeta T Mahajan
- Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Mailstop MAC 5034, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | | | - Sherif A El-Nashar
- Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Mailstop MAC 5034, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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22
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Patel DN, Zhao HH, Houman J, Ackerman AL, Eilber KS, Anger JT. Comparative effectiveness of one versus two‐stage sacral neurostimulation device placement. Neurourol Urodyn 2019; 38:734-739. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.23908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devin N. Patel
- Cedars Sinai Medical CenterDivision of Urology Los AngelesLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Hanson H. Zhao
- Cedars Sinai Medical CenterDivision of Urology Los AngelesLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Justin Houman
- Cedars Sinai Medical CenterDivision of Urology Los AngelesLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - A. Lenore Ackerman
- Cedars Sinai Medical CenterDivision of Urology Los AngelesLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Karyn S. Eilber
- Cedars Sinai Medical CenterDivision of Urology Los AngelesLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Jennifer T. Anger
- Cedars Sinai Medical CenterDivision of Urology Los AngelesLos AngelesCalifornia
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23
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Zhang P, Wang JY, Zhang Y, Liao L, Lv JW, Ling Q, Wei ZQ, Zhong T, Xu ZH, Wen W, Li JY, Luo DY. Results of Sacral Neuromodulation Therapy for Urinary Voiding Dysfunction: Five-Year Experience of a Retrospective, Multicenter Study in China. Neuromodulation 2019; 22:730-737. [PMID: 30609180 DOI: 10.1111/ner.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This five-year, retrospective, multicenter study evaluated the long-term safety and efficiency of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) in Chinese patients with urinary voiding dysfunction. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a Chinese national, multicenter, retrospective study that included 247 patients (51.2% female) who received an implantable pulse generator (IPG) (InterStim, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) between 2012 and 2016. Success was considered if the initial ≥50% improvement in any of primary voiding diary variables persisted compared with baseline. The results were further stratified by identifying patients who showed >50% improvement and those although showed <50% improvement but still wanted to receive IPG; these data were collected and analyzed for general improvement. RESULTS Following test stimulation, 187 patients (43%) declined implantation and 247 (57%) underwent implantation using InterStim®. Among 247 patients, 34 (13.7%) had overactive bladder (OAB), 59 (23.8%) had interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), 47 (19%) had idiopathic urinary retention (IUR), and 107 (44.1%) had neurogenic bladder (NB). IPG efficiency rate for OAB, interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, idiopathic urinary retention, and neurogenic bladder were 42.5, 72.4, 51.6, and 58.8%, respectively. The mean duration of follow-up was 20.1 ± 12.8 months. CONCLUSIONS SNM appears effective in the long term, with a total IPG implantation rate of approximately 57% (ranging between 42.5 and 72.4% depending on indication). Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome appear to be the best indication for stage I testing. Chinese neurogenic bladder patients are most inclined to choose SNM. SNM is relatively safe, with low postoperation adverse events of 16.1% and reoperation rate of 3.2% during the follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ye Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yaoguang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Limin Liao
- Department of Urology, China Rehabilitation Research Centre, Rehabilitation School of Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Lv
- Department of Urology, South Campus, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qing Ling
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Qing Wei
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Tie Zhong
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hui Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wen
- Department of urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - De-Yi Luo
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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van Ophoven A. Sakrale Neuromodulation bei refraktärer überaktiver Blase. Urologe A 2018; 57:1375-1388. [DOI: 10.1007/s00120-018-0777-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zhang J, Zhang P, Wu L, Su J, Shen J, Fan H, Zhang X. Application of an individualized and reassemblable 3D printing navigation template for accurate puncture during sacral neuromodulation. Neurourol Urodyn 2018; 37:2776-2781. [PMID: 30054931 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility and safety of an individualized and reassemblable three-dimensional (3D) printing navigation template for making accurate punctures during sacral neuromodulation (SNM). METHODS From July 2016 to July 2017, 24 patients undergoing SNM were enrolled. Conventional X-ray guidance was used in the control group, which included 14 patients, while the 3D printing template was used in the experimental group, which included 10 patients. The number of punctures, the average puncture time, the exposure to X-ray, the adjustment time during the operation and the testing of the SNM device, the infection and haemorrhage rate, and the implantable pulse generator (IPG) implantation rates were compared between the two groups. RESULTS In total, 24 patients successfully underwent stage I. When comparing the control group and the experimental group, the number of punctures were 9.6 ± 7.7 and 1.5 ± 0.7, respectively; the average puncture times were 35.4 ± 14.6 and 4.1 ± 2.2 min, respectively; and the X-ray exposure levels were 8.37 ± 4.83 mAs and 2.34 ± 0.54 mAs, respectively. No postoperative complications were reported in either group. The IPG implantation rates were not different between the two groups. CONCLUSION The 3D printing template for SNM can help us to perform accurate and quick punctures into the target sacral foramina, reduce X-ray exposure, and shorten the operation time. For patients with obesity, sacral variation, sacral bone fractures or losses and for patients who are unable to tolerate the prone position during operation, use of the 3D printing template is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Liyang Wu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jun Su
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwu Shen
- Department of Urology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Fan
- Beijing ThousanMed Innovation Tech. Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Nashville, Tennessee
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Herrity AN, Williams CS, Angeli CA, Harkema SJ, Hubscher CH. Lumbosacral spinal cord epidural stimulation improves voiding function after human spinal cord injury. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8688. [PMID: 29875362 PMCID: PMC5989228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficits in urologic function after spinal cord injury (SCI) manifest both as a failure to store and empty, greatly impacting daily life. While current management strategies are necessary for urological maintenance, they oftentimes are associated with life-long side effects. Our objective was to investigate the efficacy of spinal cord epidural stimulation (scES) as a promising therapy to improve bladder control after SCI. A bladder mapping study was undertaken for sixteen sessions over the course of four months in an individual with chronic, motor complete SCI. Varying combinations of stimulating cathode electrodes were initially tested during filling cystometry resulting in the identification of an effective configuration for reflexive bladder emptying at the caudal end of the electrode array. Subsequent systematic testing of different frequencies at a fixed stimulus intensity and pulse width yielded lowest post-void residual volumes at 30 Hz. These stimulation parameters were then tested in four additional research participants and found to also improve reflexive voiding efficiency. Taken together with SCI studies on step, stand, voluntary motor control and cardiovascular regulation, these findings further corroborate that scES has an all-encompassing potential to increase the central state of excitability, allowing for the control of multiple body functions, including the urological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Herrity
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - C S Williams
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - C A Angeli
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Frazier Rehab Institute, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - S J Harkema
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Frazier Rehab Institute, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - C H Hubscher
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. .,Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Marinkovic SP, Ford JC. Improving clinical outcomes for women with overactive bladder or urinary retention symptoms: a comparison of motor response voltages (1-9 V) during Stage 1 sacral neuromodulation. BJU Int 2018; 122:472-479. [DOI: 10.1111/bju.14240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph C. Ford
- Department of Urology; Detroit Medical Center (DMC); Detroit MI USA
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Blok B, Van Kerrebroeck P, de Wachter S, Ruffion A, Van der Aa F, Jairam R, Perrouin-Verbe M, Elneil S. Programming settings and recharge interval in a prospective study of a rechargeable sacral neuromodulation system for the treatment of overactive bladder. Neurourol Urodyn 2018; 37:S17-S22. [PMID: 29336058 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The RELAX-OAB study is designed to confirm the safety, efficacy, and technical performance of the Axonics r-SNM System, a miniaturized, rechargeable SNM system approved in Europe and Canada for the treatment of bladder and bowel dysfunction. The purpose of this article is to describe study subjects' ability to charge the rechargeable neurostimulator and to document their neurostimulator program settings and recharge interval over time. METHODS Fifty-one OAB patients were implanted in a single-stage procedure. These results represent the 3-month charging experience for 48 subjects who completed the 3-month follow-up. Recharge intervals were estimated using therapy stimulation settings and subject experience was evaluated using questionnaires. RESULTS Forty-seven of forty-eight (98%) subjects were able to successfully charge their device prior to follow-up within 1-month post-implant. At 3-month post-implant, 98% of subjects were able to charge prior to their follow-up visit. Average stimulation amplitude across all subjects was 1.8 mA (±1.1 mA). A total of 69% of subjects had ≥14-day recharge intervals (time between charging) and 98% of subjects had ≥7-day recharge interval. No charging related adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS Study subjects were able to charge the Axonics r-SNM System and stimulation settings provided 2 weeks of therapy between recharging for most subjects. Subject satisfaction indicates that subjects are satisfied with rechargeable SNM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertil Blok
- Department of Urology, Erasmus M, edical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Van Kerrebroeck
- Department of Urology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan de Wachter
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Antwerpen, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Alain Ruffion
- Department of Urology, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, Lyon, France
| | | | - Ranjana Jairam
- Department of Urology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sohier Elneil
- Department of Uro-Neurology, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
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Blok B, Van Kerrebroeck P, de Wachter S, Ruffion A, Van der Aa F, Jairam R, Perrouin-Verbe M, Elneil S. Three month clinical results with a rechargeable sacral neuromodulation system for the treatment of overactive bladder. Neurourol Urodyn 2018; 37:S9-S16. [PMID: 29315785 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The primary aim of the RELAX-OAB study is to confirm the safety and efficacy of the Axonics r-SNM System, a miniaturized, rechargeable SNM system. METHODS A total of 51 OAB patients were implanted in a single-stage implant procedure. These results represent the 3-month outcomes. Subject outcomes were evaluated using 3-day bladder diaries and quality of life questionnaires. RESULTS A total of 31 of 34 patients (91%) that responded during an initial trial period ("Test Responders") continued to benefit from therapy with the Axonics r-SNM System at 3-months, defined as symptom improvement of ≥50% reduction in urinary voids or incontinence episodes or a return to <8 voids per day. Subjects who were Test Responders showed a statistically and clinically meaningful improvement in all aspects of quality of life (ICIQ-OABqol). No serious device-related adverse events (SADEs) occurred, and there were no unanticipated adverse events (UAEs). One subject was explanted due to an infection at the implant site and 19.6% of subjects experienced device related adverse events, most notably discomfort due to stimulation, which was resolved with reprogramming. CONCLUSIONS The Axonics r-SNM System provides safe and effective SNM therapy with objective improvement in 91% of subjects. The data also demonstrates a significant improvement in all domains of quality of life. This miniaturized, rechargeable system is designed to last 15 or more years and is expected to provide clinical and cost benefits over current non-rechargeable systems by eliminating replacement surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertil Blok
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Van Kerrebroeck
- Department of Urology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan de Wachter
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Antwerpen, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Alain Ruffion
- Department of Urology, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, Lyon, France
| | | | - Ranjana Jairam
- Department of Urology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sohier Elneil
- Department of Uro-Neurology, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
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Faris AE, Gill BC, Pizarro-Berdichevsky J, Dielubanza E, Clifton MM, Okafor H, Goldman HB, Moore CK, Rackley RR, Vasavada SP. Impact of Age and Comorbidities on Use of Sacral Neuromodulation. J Urol 2017; 198:161-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna E.R. Faris
- Lerner College of Medicine, Education Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Bradley C. Gill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Javier Pizarro-Berdichevsky
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Urogynecology Unit, Dr. Sotero del Rio Hospital, Santiago, Chile
- Division de Obstetricia y Ginecologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elodi Dielubanza
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Marisa M. Clifton
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Henry Okafor
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Howard B. Goldman
- Lerner College of Medicine, Education Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Courtenay K. Moore
- Lerner College of Medicine, Education Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Raymond R. Rackley
- Lerner College of Medicine, Education Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sandip P. Vasavada
- Lerner College of Medicine, Education Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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Janssen DA, Martens FM, de Wall LL, van Breda HM, Heesakkers JP. Clinical utility of neurostimulation devices in the treatment of overactive bladder: current perspectives. MEDICAL DEVICES-EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH 2017; 10:109-122. [PMID: 28615976 PMCID: PMC5460621 DOI: 10.2147/mder.s115678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This review describes the evidence from established and experimental therapies that use electrical nerve stimulation to treat lower urinary tract dysfunction. Methods Clinical studies on established treatments such as percutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation (P-PTNS), transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) and sacral anterior root stimulation (SARS) are evaluated. In addition, clinical evidence from experimental therapies such as dorsal genital nerve (DGN) stimulation, pudendal nerve stimulation, magnetic nerve stimulation and ankle implants for tibial nerve stimulation are evaluated. Results SNS and P-PTNS have been investigated with high-quality studies that have shown proven efficacy for the treatment for overactive bladder (OAB). SARS has proven evidence-based efficacy in spinal cord patients and increases the quality of life. TENS seems inferior to other OAB treatments such as SNS and P-PTNS but is noninvasive and applicable for ambulant therapy. Results from studies on experimental therapies such as pudendal nerve stimulation seem promising but need larger study cohorts to prove efficacy. Conclusion Neurostimulation therapies have proven efficacy for bladder dysfunction in patients who are refractory to other therapies. Significance Refinement of neurostimulation therapies is possible. The aim should be to make the treatments less invasive, more durable and more effective for the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick Aw Janssen
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen
| | - Frank Mj Martens
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen
| | - Liesbeth L de Wall
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen
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Chu CM, Ghetti C. Procedure-Based Management of Urgency Urinary Incontinence in the Older Woman. CURRENT GERIATRICS REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13670-017-0205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Wang S, Lv J, Feng X, Lv T. Efficacy of Electrical Pudendal Nerve Stimulation versus Transvaginal Electrical Stimulation in Treating Female Idiopathic Urgency Urinary Incontinence. J Urol 2017; 197:1496-1501. [PMID: 28153510 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2017.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyou Wang
- Clinical Research Section, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Yueyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianwei Lv
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Clinical Research Section, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Lv
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Using the Native Afferent Nervous System to Sense Bladder Fullness: State of the Art. CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS 2017; 11:346-349. [PMID: 28496558 DOI: 10.1007/s11884-016-0391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of micturition involves complex neurophysiologic pathways, and its understanding has grown immensely over the past decade. Alternative approaches and applied technologies in the treatment of bladder dysfunction have minimized the complications that result from neurogenic bladder. The use of natural bladder mechanoreceptors and electroneneurographic (ENG) signal recordings from afferent nerves to chronically monitor bladder volume is a promising concept, but the technology to accomplish this has proven to be a great biomedical engineering challenge. The focus of this paper will be to describe the current state of ENG signal recording as a method to detect bladder fullness.
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Zhang P, Zhang JZ, Wu LY, Zhang XD. Effects of Appropriate Prolonged Sacral Neuromodulation Testing in Improving Implantation Rate of a Permanent Implantable Pulse Generator in Patients with Refractory Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunctions in Mainland China. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 130:439-444. [PMID: 28218218 PMCID: PMC5324381 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.199831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) has become an effective method for treating lower urinary tract voiding dysfunction during the past 20 years. Because of the expensive cost, the number of implantable pulse generator (IPG) implantations per year in China is far lower than that in Western developed countries since 2012. This study was to summarize the effects of the appropriate prolonged SNM testing time in improving the implantation rate of a permanent IPG in patients with refractory lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in mainland China. Methods: From January 2013 to June 2016, 51 patients with refractory LUTS received SNM therapy. In this study, we compared the conversion rate 2 weeks after the Stage I test and final actual conversion rate. We also observed the complications (such as pain, infection, and electrode displacement) and effectiveness. We tried to improve an appropriate prolonged test time which was favorable for improving the SNM conversion rate while ensuring safety and effectiveness. Results: Among 51 patients receiving SNM therapy, 19 patients (mean age 45.0 ± 16.9 years) had poor Stage I test results, and on an average, the electrode was removed 27.4 ± 9.6 days after the surgery. In one patient, the electrode was removed within 2 weeks; when the remaining 18 patients were questioned 2 weeks after testing, none of the patients wanted to terminate the test, and all the 18 patients desired to prolong the testing time to further observe the treatment effect. The remaining 32 patients (mean age 46.7 ± 15.3 years) received Stage II permanent implantation at 19.6 ± 10.4 days after the surgery. The overall Stage I–II conversion was 62.7% (32/51) in this study. Within 2 weeks after the surgery, only eight patients received Stage II permanent implantation, and the conversion rate was only 15.7% (8/51), which was much lower than the overall conversion rate of 62.7%. Nearly 84.4% (27/32) of the patients received Stage II implantation within 4 weeks. None of the patients had incision infections. In one patient, the entire system was removed 1 month after Stage II implantation due to pain in the implantation site. Conclusions: Appropriate extension of the Stage I testing time of an SNM-barbed electrode could significantly improve the Stage II permanent implantation rate in Chinese refractory LUTS patients; there were no wound infections, and the postoperative complication rate was low. This study recommended that Stage I period of SNM therapy should be 4 weeks according to safety and successful conversion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Li-Yang Wu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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Sacral Neuromodulation: Foray into Chronic Pelvic Pain in End Stage Endometriosis. Case Rep Neurol Med 2017; 2017:2197831. [PMID: 28367344 PMCID: PMC5358435 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2197831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Excision of all endometriotic lesions is the method of choice in the treatment of severe endometriosis resistant to medical therapy. The infiltrating nature of the disease as well as extensive surgery may, however, cause chronic pain that cannot be relieved by either surgery or hormonal treatment. As a pilot treatment, we tested the effect of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) for four endometriosis patients suffering chronic pelvic pain and pelvic organ dysfunction after radical surgical treatment. Three out of four patients reported improvement in their symptoms during the neuromodulation testing period and a permanent pulse generator was installed. After 2.5 years, all three patients report better quality of life and want to continue with SNM.
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Mehmood S, Altaweel WM. Long-term outcome of sacral neuromodulation in patients with idiopathic nonobstructive urinary retention: Single-center experience. Urol Ann 2017; 9:244-248. [PMID: 28794590 PMCID: PMC5532891 DOI: 10.4103/ua.ua_165_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) in patients with idiopathic nonobstructive urinary retention. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the files of patients who underwent staged neuromodulation for idiopathic nonobstructive urinary retention from 2004 to 2016 at our hospital. Patients who had a 50% improvement in symptoms after 1 week of stage 1 procedure were qualified for permanent device implantation. Patient data were assessed on efficacy and need for intermittent self-catheterization, complications, and operative revision rates. RESULTS Twenty-seven female patients who underwent SNM therapy were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 32.5 ± 10.8 years. The mean duration of urinary retention was 3.2 ± 1.7 years. All patients were doing intermittent self-catheterization, but few were able to void <100 ml. Twenty-four (88.8%) of the 27 patients demonstrated a >50% improvement in symptoms and underwent permanent device placement. At a median follow-up of 5.7 ± 3.2 years, 20 (83.3%) of the 24 patients demonstrated sustained improvement rates of >50%. Seventeen (70.83%) of 24 patients could void spontaneously with a mean residual urine of 28.1 ± 24.4 ml (P < 0.001). Three (12.5%) were voiding with significant mean decreasing number of catheterizations from 5.6 ± 2.4 to 1.4 ± 2.1 (P < 0.001). Four (16.6%) had their device explanted. Ten (41.6%) of the 24 patients underwent surgical revision. Most of the adverse events were managed by device reprograming. CONCLUSION SNM is a highly effective and safe procedure in this subset of the female population with idiopathic refractory nonobstructive urinary retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Mehmood
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Mohammad Altaweel
- Department of Urology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Sukhu T, Kennelly MJ, Kurpad R. Sacral neuromodulation in overactive bladder: a review and current perspectives. Res Rep Urol 2016; 8:193-199. [PMID: 27822462 PMCID: PMC5087764 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s89544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms of urgency, frequency, and urge incontinence currently affect a substantial portion of the population, especially as age increases. Sacral neuromodulation has become a popular option for refractory OAB symptoms over the past 2 decades. Studies have demonstrated that it is an effective treatment for OAB and urge incontinence as indicated by decreased number of voids, increased bladder capacity, and fewer leakage events. In addition, the effects have proved to be durable to multiple years following implantation. These benefits come at the expense of a high rate of adverse events, although with comparable long-term cost-effectiveness to botulinum toxin A. We aimed to review the literature that demonstrates that sacral neuromodulation continues to be an efficacious treatment for refractory OAB wet and dry patients, with continuously expanding indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Sukhu
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | | | - Raj Kurpad
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
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Hu HZ, Granger N, Jeffery ND. Pathophysiology, Clinical Importance, and Management of Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Caused by Suprasacral Spinal Cord Injury. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:1575-1588. [PMID: 27527382 PMCID: PMC5032886 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of persistent lower urinary tract dysfunction resulting from severe thoracolumbar spinal cord injury can be challenging. Severe suprasacral spinal cord injury releases the spinal cord segmental micturition reflex from supraspinal modulation and increases nerve growth factor concentration in the bladder wall, lumbosacral spinal cord, and dorsal root ganglion, which subsequently activates hypermechanosensitive C-fiber bladder wall afferents. Hyperexcitability of bladder afferents and detrusor overactivity can cause urine leaking during the storage phase. During urine voiding, the loss of supraspinal control that normally coordinates detrusor contraction with sphincter relaxation can lead to spinal cord segmental reflex-mediated simultaneous detrusor and sphincter contractions or detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia, resulting in inefficient urine voiding and high residual volume. These disease-associated changes can impact on the quality of life and life expectancy of spinal-injured animals. Here, we discuss the pathophysiology and management considerations of lower urinary tract dysfunction as the result of severe, acute, suprasacral spinal cord injury. In addition, drawing from experimental, preclinical, and clinical medicine, we introduce some treatment options for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction that are designed to: (1) prevent urine leakage arising because of detrusor overactivity during bladder filling, (2) preserve upper urinary tract integrity and function by reducing intravesical pressure and subsequent vesicoureteral reflux, and (3) prevent urinary tract and systemic complications by treating and preventing urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Z Hu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - N Granger
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, North Somerset, UK
| | - N D Jeffery
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
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Noblett K, Benson K, Kreder K. Detailed analysis of adverse events and surgical interventions in a large prospective trial of sacral neuromodulation therapy for overactive bladder patients. Neurourol Urodyn 2016; 36:1136-1139. [PMID: 27491027 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The InSite trial is a prospective, multicenter study of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) therapy with the InterStim® System in subjects with overactive bladder (OAB). One of the primary aims of the study is to report on long-term safety of the tined lead. This analysis provides detailed descriptions of device-related adverse events (AEs) and surgical interventions to 12 months. METHODS Analysis included those subjects who completed test stimulation with a tined lead, received a full implant, and reported device-related AEs out to 12 months. A Clinical Events Committee (CEC) adjudicated AEs to 12 months. RESULTS Device-related AEs occurred in 30% (82/272) of subjects, with only one considered serious. Fifty-six percent of the device-related AEs occurred between implant and 3 months. The most frequent device-related AEs were undesirable change in stimulation (12%, 32/272); implant site pain (7%, 20/272); and implant site infection (3%, 9/272). Of the 26 events of implant site pain, 13 required surgical intervention, with only two resulting in explant. Ten subjects experienced 13 events of a surgical site infection (including an additional cellulitis), five of which resolved with antibiotics and eight required explantation. The overall surgical intervention rate was 13% with the most common reasons being pain at the surgical site (4%), lack/loss of efficacy (4%), and infection (3%). CONCLUSIONS Although a 30% AE rate was reported, most AEs were minor and were resolved without surgical intervention. Surgical intervention was required in 13% of subjects, with the majority being revision or replacement. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:1136-1139, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Noblett KL, Dmochowski RR, Vasavada SP, Garner AM, Liu S, Pietzsch JB. Cost profiles and budget impact of rechargeable versus non-rechargeable sacral neuromodulation devices in the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome. Neurourol Urodyn 2016; 36:727-733. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.23008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shan Liu
- Wing Tech, Inc.; Menlo Park California
- University of Washington; Seattle Washington
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CT-Guided Lead Placement for Selective Sacral Neuromodulation to Treat Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunctions. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2015; 205:1139-42. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.14.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Laudano MA, Seklehner S, Sandhu J, Reynolds WS, Garrett KA, Milsom JW, Te AE, Kaplan SA, Chughtai B, Lee RK. Disparities in the Use of Sacral Neuromodulation among Medicare Beneficiaries. J Urol 2015; 194:449-53. [PMID: 25846418 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sacral neuromodulation with the InterStim® has been done to treat urinary and bowel control. There are limited data in the literature on use trends of sacral neuromodulation. We explored disparities in use among Medicare beneficiaries. MATERIALS AND METHODS We queried a 5% national random sample of Medicare claims for 2001, 2004, 2007 and 2010. All patients with an ICD-9 diagnosis code representing a potential urological indication for sacral neuromodulation were included. Patients who underwent device implantation were identified using CPT-4 codes. Statistical analysis was done with the chi-square and Fisher tests, and multivariate logistic regression using software. RESULTS A total of 2,322,060 patients were identified with a diagnosis that could potentially be treated with sacral neuromodulation. During the 10-year study period the percent of these patients who ultimately underwent implantation increased from 0.03% to 0.91% (p <0.0001) for a total of 13,360 (0.58%). On logistic regression analysis women (OR 3.85, p <0.0001) and patients younger than 65 years (OR 1.00 vs 0.29 to 0.39, p <0.0001) were more likely to be treated. Minority patients (OR 0.38, p <0.0001) and those living in the western United States (OR 0.52, p <0.0001) were less likely to receive treatment. CONCLUSIONS Sacral neuromodulation use significantly increased among Medicare beneficiaries in a 10-year period. Patients were more likely to be treated with sacral neuromodulation if they were female, white, younger (younger than 65 years) and living outside the western United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Laudano
- Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Stephan Seklehner
- Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York; Department of Urology, Landesklinikum Baden-Mödling, Baden, Austria
| | - Jaspreet Sandhu
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - W Stuart Reynolds
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kelly A Garrett
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Jeffrey W Milsom
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Alexis E Te
- Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Steven A Kaplan
- Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Bilal Chughtai
- Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Richard K Lee
- Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York.
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Martellucci J. The technique of sacral nerve modulation. Colorectal Dis 2015; 17:O88-94. [PMID: 25605221 DOI: 10.1111/codi.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this review was to summarize current knowledge and recommendations regarding the technique of implantation of the electrode in performing sacroneuromodulation (SNM) and the available information on programming parameters and implantation algorithms. METHOD All English-language articles published from January 1985 to December 2013 that reported the SNM surgical technique and results were considered for inclusion. Data were considered useful for the present review only if related to: (i) peripheral nerve evaluation; (ii) temporary nerve stimulation; (iii) definitive impulse generator placement; and (iv) parameters programming. RESULTS The literature search revealed 193 potentially relevant studies from initial electronic search terms and eligibility criteria, and these studies were evaluated in detail. In total, 41 studies were included in the final analysis. Of the studies reviewed, the majority (n = 37) were prospective or retrospective case series. Only three randomized clinical trials were eligible for inclusion. CONCLUSION Although the technique seems to be standardized, several steps still need to be clarified in order to define the best way to perform the procedure and then to maximize the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Martellucci
- General, Emergency and Mini-invasive Surgery, Careggi University Hospital, Firenze, Italy
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Noblett K, Siegel S, Mangel J, Griebling TL, Sutherland SE, Bird ET, Comiter C, Culkin D, Bennett J, Zylstra S, Kan F, Berg KC. Results of a prospective, multicenter study evaluating quality of life, safety, and efficacy of sacral neuromodulation at twelve months in subjects with symptoms of overactive bladder. Neurourol Urodyn 2014; 35:246-51. [PMID: 25546568 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This prospective, multicenter post-approval study evaluated the success rate of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) with the InterStim® System at 12-months. Subjects with bothersome symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB) including urinary urge incontinence (UI) or urgency-frequency (UF), who failed at least one anticholinergic medication and had at least one not tried were included. METHODS Subjects with successful test stimulation received an SNM implant. Therapeutic success (≥50% improvement in average leaks/day or voids/day or a return to normal voiding frequency [<8 voids/day]) and quality of life through 12 months were evaluated for implanted subjects. RESULTS Of the 340 subjects that went through test stimulation, 272 were implanted with SNM. Of these, 91% were female, mean age was 57, UI subjects had 3.1 ± 2.7 leaks/day, UF subjects had 12.6 ± 4.5 voids/day. The analysis which includes all implanted subjects with diary data at baseline and 12 months showed an OAB therapeutic success rate of 85% at 12 months. UI subjects had a mean reduction of 2.2 ± 2.7 leaks/day; UF subjects had a mean reduction of 5.1 ± 4.1 voids/day (both P < 0.0001). Subjects showed significant improvement from baseline in all measures of ICIQ-OABqol (all P < 0.0001). 80% of subjects reported improved changes in their urinary symptom interference at 12 months. Device-related adverse events occurred in 16% (56/340) of subjects during test stimulation and 30% (82/272) of subjects post-implant. CONCLUSIONS This multicenter study shows SNM is safe and effective and results in improved outcomes through 12 months in subjects with OAB symptoms, without requiring failure of all medications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Samuel Zylstra
- Milford Regional Medical Center, Whitinsville, Massachusetts
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Deveneau NE, Greenstein M, Mahalingashetty A, Herring NR, Lipetskaia L, Azadi A, Ostergard DR, Francis SL. Surface and boney landmarks for sacral neuromodulation: a cadaveric study. Int Urogynecol J 2014; 26:263-8. [PMID: 25257811 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-014-2504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS Standard external landmarks have been suggested as a guide for in-office percutaneous nerve evaluation (PNE), but validity of these landmarks has not been assessed. Our objective was to determine whether the standard 9 cm from the tip of the coccyx indicates the position of the S3 sacral foramen and whether other boney landmarks and measurements improved positioning. METHODS Measurements and distances between external boney landmarks were obtained in 22 embalmed cadavers. Spinal needles were placed 9 cm superior to the coccyx and 2 cm lateral to midline bilaterally. After dissection, internal measurements relating to sacral length, position of S3, and location of the needle in relation to S3 were recorded. Correlations among measured variables were assessed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Mean distance from the tip of coccyx to S3 was 9.26 cm (±0.84), from S3 to midline 2.30 cm (±0.2); from needle to S3 1.25 cm, and needle placement was as likely to be placed above or below S3; and S2-S3 and S3-S4 interforamenal distance 1.48 cm (±0.30) and 1.48 cm (±0.24), respectively. Mean distance from S3 to sacroiliac joint (SIJ) was shorter than S2 to SIJ. All associations between external measurements and length from tip of coccyx to S3 were not significant. CONCLUSION A distance 9 cm from the tip of the coccyx is a reasonable starting landmark for in-office blind PNE. However, given the variability in coccyx length, caution should be taken; also, sensory-motor response is necessary to confirm proper placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette E Deveneau
- Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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Sacral neuromodulation for neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction with multiple symptoms secondary to spinal cord disease. Spinal Cord 2014; 53:204-208. [PMID: 25224602 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2014.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. OBJECTIVES The primary aim was to assess the clinical effects of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) for neurogenic bladder and/or bowel dysfunction with multiple symptoms secondary to spinal cord disease or injury. SETTING Beijing, China. METHODS Between 2011 and 2013, 23 patients with multiple bladder and/or bowel problems secondary to spinal cord disease or injury were treated with a preliminary test SNM. If at least 50% clinical improvement occurred, then the patient underwent a permanent SNM procedure. We evaluated the patients using a bladder diary, post-void residual volume measurement and the Wexner questionnaire score for constipation before the test phase, during the test phase and after the permanent SNM. RESULTS In the test phase, the rate of improvement in dysuria (29.4%) was significantly lower than urgency frequency (64.7%), urinary incontinence (69.2%) and constipation (75.0%). An implant was performed in 13 (56.5%) patients, including 4 patients who still used intermittent catheterization to exclude urine after permanent SNM because the symptom of dysuria could not be improved significantly and 1 patient who achieved ⩾50% improvement in lower urinary tract dysfunction but not in constipation. During follow-up (17.5±2.0 months), 1 patient (7.7%) failed and 1 patient had bilateral vesicoureteral reflux. CONCLUSION Chronic SNM cannot always resolve all the bladder and bowel symptoms secondary to spinal cord disease or injury, but combined with other treatments may help improve multiple symptoms.
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Zbar AP. Sacral neuromodulation and peripheral nerve stimulation in patients with anal incontinence: an overview of techniques, complications and troubleshooting. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2014; 2:112-20. [PMID: 24759349 PMCID: PMC4020133 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/gou015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) therapy has revolutionized the management of many forms of anal incontinence, with an expanded use and a medium-term efficacy of 75% overall. This review discusses the technique of SNM therapy, along with its complications and troubleshooting and a discussion of the early data pertaining to peripheral posterior tibial nerve stimulation in incontinent patients. Future work needs to define the predictive factors for neurostimulatory success, along with the likely mechanisms of action of their therapeutic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Zbar
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel and Assia Medical Colorectal Group Assuta Private Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Basto CS, Herrera JMS, Gracia LNR, González YJCA. Neuromodulación en aneyaculación. Reporte de caso revisión de la literatura. UROLOGÍA COLOMBIANA 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0120-789x(14)50009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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