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Patient-derived tumour models for personalized therapeutics in urological cancers. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 18:33-45. [PMID: 33173206 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-020-00389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical knowledge of dysregulated pathways and potential biomarkers for urological cancers has undergone limited translation into the clinic. Moreover, the low approval rate of new anticancer drugs and the heterogeneous drug responses in patients indicate that current preclinical models do not always reflect the complexity of malignant disease. Patient-derived tumour models used in preclinical uro-oncology research include 3D culture systems, organotypic tissue slices and patient-derived xenograft models. Technological innovations have enabled major improvements in the capacity of these tumour models to reproduce the clinical complexity of urological cancers. Each type of patient-derived model has inherent advantages and limitations that can be exploited, either alone or in combination, to gather specific knowledge on clinical challenges and address unmet clinical needs. Nevertheless, few opportunities exist for patients with urological cancers to benefit from personalized therapeutic approaches. Clinical validation of experimental data is needed to facilitate the translation and implementation of preclinical knowledge into treatment decision making.
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Oñate-Celdrán J, Arense-Gonzalo JJ, Mendiola J, Samper-Mateo P, Sánchez-Rodríguez C, García-Escudero D, Torres-Roca M, Vilchez-Costas A, Adoamnei E, Torres-Cantero AM. [Study of anogenital distance as a diagnostic tool for prostate cancer]. Rev Int Androl 2019; 17:60-67. [PMID: 31029439 DOI: 10.1016/j.androl.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The distance from the genitals to the anus (anogenital distance [AGD]) reflects androgen concentration during prenatal development in mammals. At the present time, there is only one study suggesting the relationship between AGD and risk of prostate cancer (CaP). The goal of this study was to assess the performance and clinical utility of AGD, as a biomarker of prenatal androgenic milieu, and risk of CaP in a larger population, in CaP diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS A case-control study was conducted on 260 men seen in a hospital outpatient clinic where underwent a physical and andrological examination and completed a brief questionnaire. CaP patients were confirmed by biopsy of the tumor. Controls were men without CaP seen in the urology outpatient clinic for routine examinations. Two variants of AGD (from the anus to the posterior base of the scrotum [AGDAS] and to the cephalad insertion of the penis [AGDAP]) were measured. Parametric and non-parametric tests and receiver operating characteristic (COR) analyses were used to determine relationships between AGD and presence of CaP. RESULTS The highest area under the curve (0.69; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.78 and 0.69; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.77) was obtained for the Gleason=7 subgroup with the AGDAS and AGDAP measurement, with a sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 55%, and 91% and 41%, the predictive positive value of 39% and 35% and negative value of 90% and 93% respectively. CONCLUSION AGD may be a useful clinical tool for the CaP diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Oñate-Celdrán
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, Murcia, España.
| | - Julián J Arense-Gonzalo
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España; Grupo de Metodología de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, España
| | - Jaime Mendiola
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España; Grupo de Metodología de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, España
| | - Paula Samper-Mateo
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, Murcia, España
| | | | | | - Marcos Torres-Roca
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, Murcia, España
| | - Ana Vilchez-Costas
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, Murcia, España
| | - Evdochia Adoamnei
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España
| | - Alberto M Torres-Cantero
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España; Grupo de Metodología de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, España; Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España
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Shin TY, Kim YJ, Lim SK, Kim J, Rha KH. Robotic mechanical localization of prostate cancer correlates with magnetic resonance imaging scans. Yonsei Med J 2013; 54:907-11. [PMID: 23709425 PMCID: PMC3663222 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2013.54.4.907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the concordance of cancer location of the tissue mapping from a mechanical pressure transducer with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 indentations were performed on 5 prostate specimens obtained after radical prostatectomy utilizing a robotic indentation system. The mechanical elastic moduli of suspected malignant lesions were calculated and mapped, and their locations were compared with suspicious areas of malignancy on MRI scans. RESULTS The concordance rate between the location mapping from the robotic indentation system and MRI scans results was 90.0% (54/60). The sensitivity and specificity of the robotic indentation system were 87.9% (29/33) and 92.6% (25/27), respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 93.5% (29/31) and 93.1% (27/29), respectively. CONCLUSION The locations of malignant lesions derived from our robotic indentation system correlated strongly with the locations of suspected areas of malignancy on MRI scans. Our robotic system may provide a more targeted biopsy of the prostate than conventional non-targeted systemic biopsy, possibly improving the diagnostic accuracy of prostatic biopsies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Young Shin
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong Jin Kim
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace & Systems Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sey Kiat Lim
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Kim
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace & Systems Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Koon Ho Rha
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ahn B, Lorenzo EIS, Rha KH, Kim HJ, Kim J. Robotic palpation-based mechanical property mapping for diagnosis of prostate cancer. J Endourol 2011; 25:851-7. [PMID: 21492016 DOI: 10.1089/end.2010.0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to estimate the mechanical properties (elasticity) of normal and cancer prostate tissues and to develop a tissue elasticity map for the diagnosis and localization of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 735 sites from 35 radical prostatectomy specimens were used in the experiments using a robotic palpation system, and the elasticities of the specimens were estimated by a tissue characterization algorithm. The estimated elasticities from 21 regions were separated into normal and cancer tissues using the pathological information, and a tissue elasticity map was developed using numerical functions and a nonlinear surface-fitting method. RESULTS The mean elastic moduli of the normal and cancer tissues were 15.25 ± 5.88 and 28.80 ± 11.20 kPa, respectively. The base region had the highest elasticity, followed by the medial and apex regions. These results demonstrated the ability to separate the cancer tissue from the normal tissue based on its elastic modulus. The tissue elasticity mapping was carried out using the estimated elasticity and nonlinear surface fitting. The proposed map showed the elasticity and was used to estimate the elastic modulus of the prostate at any given region. CONCLUSION Tissue elasticity may be an important indicator of prostate cancer because the pathologic changes alter the tissue properties, including cell integrity and intercellular matrix. This work provides quantitative and objective information for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. In addition, these results may have implications for the localization of prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bummo Ahn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Systems Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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