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Kulniwatcharoen P, Hansapinyo L, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Potential underlying mechanisms of ethambutol induced optic neuropathy: Evidence from in vitro to clinical studies. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114176. [PMID: 37949203 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Ethambutol is an antibiotic widely used for treatment of Mycobacterium species. Although it is safe to use in patients, the ocular toxic impact, including optic neuropathy and retinopathy, can be observed in patients using ethambutol. After discontinuation of the drug, the ocular toxic effects can be reversible in some patients, but some are not. Ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy has been recognized for more than six decades and the prevalence of optic neuropathy from a standard dose of ethambutol has been reported as 0.7-1.29%. Several factors associated with ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy include dosage/duration of drug, the medical conditions of patients such as renal and hepatic dysfunction and preexisting mitochondrial mutations. Currently, there is no specific treatment and prevention of ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy. In addition, the potential underlying mechanisms of ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy is still unclear. Therefore, this review aimed to summarize and discuss evidence from clinical, in vitro, and in vivo studies in order to explore the potential pathophysiology of ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy. Any contradictory findings are also included and discussed. The insights gained from the review will facilitate the discovery of novel approaches for prevention and treatment of optic neuropathy-induced by ethambutol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichaya Kulniwatcharoen
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Linda Hansapinyo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Ho TJ, Lin JH, Lin SZ, Tsai WT, Wu JR, Chen HP. Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of Bioactive Peptides in Human Bone Cells from Tortoiseshell and Deer Antler Gelatin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021759. [PMID: 36675272 PMCID: PMC9861678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tortoiseshell and deer antler gelatin has been used to treat bone diseases in Chinese society. A pepsin-digested gelatin peptide with osteoblast-proliferation-stimulating properties was identified via LC-MS/MS. The resulting pentapeptide, TSKYR, was presumably subjected to further degradation into TSKY, TSK, and YR fragments in the small intestine. The above four peptides were chemically synthesized. Treatment of tripeptide TSK can lead to a significant 30- and 50-fold increase in the mineralized nodule area and density in osteoblast cells and a 47.5% increase in the number of chondrocyte cells. The calcium content in tortoiseshell was relatively higher than in human soft tissue. The synergistic effects of calcium ions and the peptides were observed for changes in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, these peptides can enhance the expression of RUNX2, OCN, FGFR2, and FRFR3 genes in osteoblasts, and aggrecan and collagen type II in chondrocyte (patent pending).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jung Ho
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970473, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970473, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970473, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hsing Lin
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970473, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan
| | - Shinn Zong Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970473, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Tsai
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970473, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ru Wu
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970473, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-R.W.); (H.-P.C.)
| | - Hao-Ping Chen
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970473, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-R.W.); (H.-P.C.)
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Xiang X, Gong Z, Deng W, Sun Q, Xie J. Mycobacterial ethambutol responsive genes and implications in antibiotics resistance. J Drug Target 2020; 29:284-293. [PMID: 33210572 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1853733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), remains a formidable threat in mortality and morbidity worldwide. Ethambutol (EMB) is one of the first-line drugs regimens for TB treatment. Arabinosyl transferases are established targets of EMB, which is involved in the biosynthesis of arabinogalactan (AG) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM). Mutations among embCAB operon are responsible for around 70% clinical EMB resistant M. tuberculosis. In this review, we summarised other potential factors associated with EMB resistance via analysing whole genome, proteome and transcriptome of M. tuberculosis exposed to EMB. This will help to design better diagnosis of EMB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Gong
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanyan Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Rao A, Nayak G, Kumari S, Kalthur SG, Mutalik SP, Mutalik S, Adiga SK, Kalthur G. Exposure to first line anti-tuberculosis drugs in prepubertal age reduces the quality and functional competence of spermatozoa and oocytes in Swiss albino mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 73:103292. [PMID: 31765964 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Prepubertal Swiss albino mice of both sex were administered with first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATDs) viz; rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, streptomycin and ethambutol intraperitoneally, for 4 weeks. Two weeks after the completion of treatment, male mice were sacrificed to collect caudal spermatozoa and female mice were superovulated with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to collect metaphase II (MII) oocytes from oviduct. Administration of ATDs not only decreased the count, motility and, nuclear maturity and also, increased the head abnormalities, mitochondrial damage and DNA damage in epididymal spermatozoa. Reduction in number of ovulated oocytes, increased degeneration rate and altered distribution pattern of cytoplasmic organelles was observed in oocytes of female mice. Presence of ATDs in in vitro maturation (IVM) medium increased abnormalities in meiotic resulted in abnormal spindle organization (except ethambutol) without affecting nuclear maturation. In conclusion, the result of this study indicates that ATDs have considerable adverse effects on the functional competence of male and female gametes, however, with varied degree of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpitha Rao
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Guruprasad Nayak
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandhya Kumari
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Sadhana P Mutalik
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
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Rao A, Nayak G, Kumari S, Prabhu AD, Khandige N, Kalthur SG, Mutalik S, Kalthur G, Adiga SK. Ethambutol induces testicular damage and decreases the sperm functional competence in Swiss albino mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 47:28-37. [PMID: 27579587 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports the effect of ethambutol (EMB) on testicular function. Prepubertal and adult male Swiss albino mice were treated with 40, 80, 160mg/kg body weight of EMB, intraperitoneally, every alternate day for 4 weeks. After 2 weeks gap, mice were sacrificed to collect caudal spermatozoa. EMB treatment resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the testicular weight, sperm count and motility while the percentage of sperm with head abnormalities, immature chromatin (P<0.001) and DNA damage increased (P<0.01). In addition, EMB treatment resulted in significant depletion of glutathione (P<0.05-P<0.01) and histopathological abnormalities such as large cells, vacuolation of tubules and isolated colonies of spermatogenic cells were observed. Oct4, 17β-Hsd and c-Kit mRNA was marginally elevated in EMB treated testes at the highest dose studied. In conclusion, the result of the present study indicates that EMB has adverse effect on testicular function and impairs the sperm functional competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpitha Rao
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Level 2, Central Research Lab., Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Guruprasad Nayak
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Level 2, Central Research Lab., Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandhya Kumari
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Level 2, Central Research Lab., Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Amratha D Prabhu
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Level 2, Central Research Lab., Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Nalini Khandige
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Level 2, Central Research Lab., Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Satish Kumar Adiga
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Level 2, Central Research Lab., Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
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Kurosawa M, Oda M, Domon H, Saitoh I, Hayasaki H, Terao Y. Streptococcus pyogenes CAMP factor attenuates phagocytic activity of RAW 264.7 cells. Microbes Infect 2015; 18:118-27. [PMID: 26482504 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes produces molecules that inhibit the function of human immune system, thus allowing the pathogen to grow and spread in tissues. It is known that S. pyogenes CAMP factor increases erythrocytosis induced by Staphylococcus aureus β-hemolysin. However, the effects of CAMP factor for immune cells are unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of CAMP factor to macrophages. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that all examined strains expressed CAMP factor protein. In the presence of calcium or magnesium ion, CAMP factor was significantly released in the supernatant. In addition, both culture supernatant from S. pyogenes strain SSI-9 and recombinant CAMP factor dose-dependently induced vacuolation in RAW 264.7 cells, but the culture supernatant from Δcfa isogenic mutant strain did not. CAMP factor formed oligomers in RAW 264.7 cells in a time-dependent manner. CAMP factor suppressed cell proliferation via G2 phase cell cycle arrest without inducing cell death. Furthermore, CAMP factor reduced the uptake of S. pyogenes and phagocytic activity indicator by RAW 264.7 cells. These results suggest that CAMP factor works as a macrophage dysfunction factor. Therefore, we conclude that CAMP factor allows S. pyogenes to escape the host immune system, and contribute to the spread of streptococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Kurosawa
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan; Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Masataka Oda
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hisanori Domon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Issei Saitoh
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Haruaki Hayasaki
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
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Huang SP, Chien JY, Tsai RK. Ethambutol induces impaired autophagic flux and apoptosis in the rat retina. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:977-87. [PMID: 26092127 PMCID: PMC4527287 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.019737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethambutol (EMB), an effective first-line antituberculosis agent, can cause serious visual impairment or irreversible vision loss in a significant number of patients. However, the mechanism underlying this ocular cytotoxicity remains to be elucidated. In this study, we found that there were statistically significant dose- and time-dependent increases in the number of cytoplasmic vacuoles and the level of cell death in EMB-treated RGC-5 cells (retinal ganglion cells). The protein kinase C (PKC)δ inhibitor rottlerin markedly reduced the EMB-induced activation of caspase-3 and the subsequent apoptosis of RGC-5 cells. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of class III PI3K, Beclin-1, p62 and LC3-II were upregulated, and LC3 immunostaining results showed activation of the early phase and inhibition of the late stage of autophagy in retinas of the EMB-intraperitoneal (IP)-injected rat model. We further demonstrated that exposure to EMB induces autophagosome accumulation, which results from the impaired autophagic flux that is mediated by a PKCδ-dependent pathway, inhibits the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and leads to apoptotic death in retina neuronal cells. These results indicate that autophagy dysregulation in retinal neuronal cells might play a substantial role in EMB-induced optic neuroretinopathy. Summary: This study provides the first evidence that EMB induces autophagosome accumulation, which results from the impaired autophagic flux that is mediated by a PKCδ-dependent pathway, and leads to apoptotic death in retina neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ping Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ying Chien
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Kung Tsai
- Institute of Eye Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
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Fatima R, Ashraf M, Ejaz S, Rasheed MA, Altaf I, Afzal M, Batool Z, Saleem U, Anwar K. In vitro toxic action potential of anti tuberculosis drugs and their combinations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:501-513. [PMID: 23806997 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading infectious causes of death due to single infectious agent after HIV/AIDS. Rifampicin (RIF), Isoniazid (INH), Ethambutol (EMB), Pyrazinamide (PZA) and/or their combinations are extensively prescribed to treat TB. Despite several therapeutic implications, these drugs also produce several toxic effects at cellular level. MTT assay and Ames test were adopted in this study for the determination of cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of these anti-TB drugs. Among all tested drugs, cytotoxic potential of RIF was strongest with highly significant decline (p<0.001) in cell numbers at the concentration of 250μg/ml with LC50 at 325μg/ml, while significant decline (p<0.01) in cell count was observed in INH treated group at the concentration 500μg/ml with LC50 at 1000μg/ml. Moreover, combination RIPE demonstrated significant reduction (p<0.01) in cell number at the concentration of 25-500-500-500μg/ml with LC50 at 60-1200-1200-1200μg/ml. It is apparent from the data that almost all drugs represented identical mutagenic pattern i.e., more significant results were achieved in TA100 with metabolic activation (+S9). RIF proved to be highly mutagenic of all tested drugs with significant mutagenicity (p<0.01) at 0.0525μg/plate against TA98 strain with S9. The combination RIPE exhibited highly significant mutagenic activity (p<0.01) at concentration 0.125-3-3-3μg/plate without S9, while addition of S9 resulted in similar activity at lower doses, i.e., 0.0525-1-1-1μg/plate. It was concluded from the data that all anti-TB drugs possess significant cytotoxic and mutagenic potential, especially in combination, making TB patient more vulnerable to cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of anti-TB drugs, which could produce further health complications in TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riffat Fatima
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Sohail Ejaz
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Muhammad Adil Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imran Altaf
- Microbiology Section, Quality Operations Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Afzal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Batool
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Umber Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khaleeq Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 9:574-8. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e328333c13c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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