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Araki T, Shimazawa M, Nakamura S, Otsu W, Numata Y, Sakata M, Kabayama K, Tsusaki H, Hara H. Investigation into the usefulness of cynomolgus monkeys with spontaneously elevated intraocular pressure as a model for glaucoma treatment research. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 154:52-60. [PMID: 38246728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Many glaucoma treatments focus on lowering intraocular pressure (IOP), with novel drugs continuing to be developed. One widely used model involves raising IOP by applying a laser to the trabecular iris angle (TIA) of cynomolgus monkeys to damage the trabecular meshwork. This model, however, presents challenges such as varying IOP values, potential trabecular meshwork damage, and risk of animal distress. This study investigated whether animals with naturally high IOP (>25 mmHg) could be used to effectively evaluate IOP-lowering drugs, thereby possibly replacing laser-induced models. Relationships between TIA size, IOP, and pupil diameter were also examined. Three representative IOP-lowering drugs (latanoprost, timolol, ripasudil) were administered, followed by multiple IOP measurements and assessment of corneal thickness, TIA, and pupil diameter via anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). There was a positive correlation was noted between IOP and corneal thickness before instillation, and a negative correlation between IOP and TIA before instillation. Our findings suggest animals with naturally high IOP could be beneficial for glaucoma research and development as a viable replacement for the laser-induced model and that measuring TIA using AS-OCT along with IOP yields a more detailed evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Araki
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd. Drug Safety Research Laboratories (SNBL DSR), Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan; Biomedical Research, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Wataru Otsu
- Biomedical Research, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yosuke Numata
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd. Drug Safety Research Laboratories (SNBL DSR), Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Megumi Sakata
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd. Drug Safety Research Laboratories (SNBL DSR), Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Koji Kabayama
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd. Drug Safety Research Laboratories (SNBL DSR), Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hideshi Tsusaki
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd. Drug Safety Research Laboratories (SNBL DSR), Kagoshima, Japan; Biomedical Research, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan; Biomedical Research, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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Kiland JA, Terhaar HM, Walleck HE, Chen N, McDaniel K, McLellan GJ. Comparison of the TONOVET Plus®, TonoVet®, and Tono-Pen Vet™ tonometers in normal cats and cats with glaucoma. Vet Ophthalmol 2023; 26:414-421. [PMID: 37339127 PMCID: PMC10527474 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the accuracy, precision, and clinical applicability of the ICare® TONOVET Plus (TVP) in cats. ANIMALS AND PROCEDURES IOP readings obtained with the TVP were compared to values obtained concurrently with the original TONOVET (TV01) and Tono-Pen Vet™ (TP) in 12 normal cats (24 eyes) and 8 glaucomatous LTBP2-mutant cats (13 eyes) in vivo. Reproducibility of TVP readings was also assessed for three observers in the above cats. The anterior chambers of five different normal cat eyes were cannulated ex vivo. IOP was measured with the TVP, TV01, and TP at manometric IOPs ranging from 5 to 70 mmHg. Data were analyzed by linear regression, ANOVA and Bland-Altman plots. ANOVA was used to assess reproducibility of TVP readings obtained by different observers and an ANCOVA model controlled for variation of individual cats. p < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS TVP values strongly correlated with TV01 values (y = 1.045x + 1.443, R2 = .9667). The TP significantly underestimated IOP relative to the TVP and TV01, particularly at high IOP. IOP values obtained by 1 observer were significantly higher (~1 mmHg average) compared to the other 2 observers via ANCOVA analysis (p = .0006479 and p = .0203). Relative to manometry, the TVP and TV01 were significantly more accurate (p < .0001) and precise (p < .0070) than the TP in ex vivo eyes. CONCLUSIONS IOP readings obtained with the TVP and TV01 are broadly interchangeable between models and between observers, but subtle differences may be important in a research context. TP readings vastly underestimate high IOP in feline glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Kiland
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Hannah M Terhaar
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Hannah E Walleck
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Nickolas Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Kyle McDaniel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Gillian J McLellan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
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Beach KM, Hung LF, Lou L, Ostrin LA. Diurnal Variation and Effects of Dilation and Sedation on Intraocular Pressure in Infant Rhesus Monkeys. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:289-296. [PMID: 36357337 PMCID: PMC10006333 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2141782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important factor in numerous ocular conditions and research areas, including eye growth and myopia. In infant monkeys, IOP is typically measured under anesthesia. This study aimed to establish a method for awake IOP measurement in infant rhesus monkeys, determine diurnal variation, and assess the effects of dilation and sedation. METHODS Awake IOP (iCare TonoVet) was measured every 2 h from 7:30 am to 5:30 pm to assess potential diurnal variations in infant rhesus monkeys (age 3 weeks, n = 11). The following day, and every 2 weeks to age 15 weeks, IOP was measured under three conditions: (1) awake, (2) awake and dilated (tropicamide 0.5%), and (3) sedated (ketamine and acepromazine) and dilated. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine intersession repeatability, and repeated measures. ANOVA was used to determine effects of age and condition. RESULTS At age 3 weeks, mean (±SEM) awake IOP was 15.4 ± 0.6 and 15.2 ± 0.7 mmHg for right and left eyes, respectively (p=.59). The ICC between sessions was 0.63[-0.5 to 0.9], with a mean difference of 2.2 ± 0.3 mmHg. Diurnal IOP from 7:30 am to 5:30 pm showed no significant variation (p=.65). From 3 to 15 weeks of age, there was a significant effect of age (p=.01) and condition (p<.001). Across ages, IOP was 17.8 ± 0.7 mmHg while awake and undilated, 18.4 ± 0.2 mmHg awake and dilated, and 11.0 ± 0.3 mmHg after sedation and dilation. CONCLUSIONS Awake IOP measurement was feasible in young rhesus monkeys. No significant diurnal variations in IOP were observed between 7:30 am and 5:30 pm at age 3 weeks. In awake monkeys, IOP was slightly higher after mydriasis and considerably lower after sedation. Findings show that IOP under ketamine/acepromazine anesthesia is significantly different than awake IOP in young rhesus monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M Beach
- University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Li-Fang Hung
- University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Linjiang Lou
- University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lisa A Ostrin
- University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, TX, United States
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Kerdchuchuen K, Samathayanon K, Phientong P, Chattraphirat S, Jaturakan O, Tuntivanich N. Comparison of intraocular pressure in healthy brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic cats using the Icare® TONOVET Plus rebound tonometer. Vet Ophthalmol 2021; 24:484-490. [PMID: 34487613 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare intraocular pressure using the Icare® TONOVET Plus rebound tonometer in healthy brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic cats. ANIMALS STUDIED Both eyes of 78 healthy cats were investigated in this study. Cats were divided into two groups: brachycephalic (n = 39) and nonbrachycephalic (n = 39). PROCEDURES Nose position and muzzle ratio were photographically recorded and analyzed. Physical and ophthalmic examinations were performed. Intraocular pressure was measured using the Icare® TONOVET Plus rebound tonometry instrument. Quantitative mean values were statistically compared using an unpaired t-test at a significance level of p < .05. RESULTS Mean values of the nose position and muzzle ratio were significantly lower in the brachycephalic group (20.14 ± 5.43%, 9.61 ± 3.29%) compared with the nonbrachycephalic group (29.21 ± 4.30%, 13.97 ± 6.01%). The mean intraocular pressure for brachycephalic cats (15.76 ± 0.50 mmHg) was significantly lower (p < .001) than for nonbrachycephalic cats (18.77 ± 0.49 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS Intraocular pressure was significantly lower in brachycephalic cats using the Icare® TONOVET Plus rebound tonometer. Intraocular pressure values obtained in this study could be used as a guideline for measurements obtained using this tonometry device in healthy brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic cats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pitchapa Phientong
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Orapun Jaturakan
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Roy Chowdhury U, Kudgus RA, Holman BH, Rinkoski TA, Hann CR, Bahler CK, McCloud E, Appt SE, Reid JM, Dosa PI, Fautsch MP. Pharmacological Profile and Ocular Hypotensive Effects of Cromakalim Prodrug 1, a Novel ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Opener, in Normotensive Dogs and Nonhuman Primates. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2021; 37:251-260. [PMID: 33784195 PMCID: PMC8215408 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2020.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate pharmacokinetic parameters and ocular hypotensive effects of cromakalim prodrug 1 (CKLP1) in normotensive large animal models. Methods: Optimal CKLP1 concentration was determined by dose response and utilized in short- (5-8 days) and long-term (60 days) evaluation in hound dogs (n = 5) and African Green Monkeys (n = 5). Blood pressure was recorded 3-5 times per week with a tail cuff. Concentrations of CKLP1 and the parent compound levcromakalim were assessed in hound dog plasma and select tissues by LC-MS/MS after bilateral ocular treatment with CKLP1 for 8 days. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from days 1, 4, and 8 data. After necropsy, histology was assessed in 43 tissue samples from each animal. Results: In hound dogs and African Green monkeys, 10 mM CKLP1 (optimal concentration) significantly lowered intraocular pressure (IOP) by 18.9% ± 1.1% and 16.7% ± 6.7%, respectively, compared with control eyes (P < 0.05). During treatment, no significant change in systolic or diastolic blood pressure was observed in either species (P > 0.1). Average values for half-life of CKLP1 was 295.3 ± 140.4 min, Cmax, 10.5 ± 1.6 ng/mL, and area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUClast) 5261.4 ± 918.9 ng·min/mL. For levcromakalim, average values of half-life were 96.2 ± 27 min, Cmax 1.2 ± 0.2 ng/mL, and AUClast 281.2 ± 110.8 ng·min/mL. No significant pathology was identified. Conclusions: CKLP1 lowered IOP in hound dogs and African green monkeys with no effect on systemic blood pressure. Ocular topical treatment of CKLP1 showed excellent tolerability even after extended treatment periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttio Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rachel A. Kudgus
- Department of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bradley H. Holman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tommy A. Rinkoski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cheryl R. Hann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cindy K. Bahler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eric McCloud
- Department of Pathology, Section of Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan E. Appt
- Department of Pathology, Section of Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joel M. Reid
- Department of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter I. Dosa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael P. Fautsch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Abstract
Glaucoma is the second cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a recognized major risk factor for the development and progression of glaucomatous damage. Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) is internationally accepted as the gold standard for the measurement of IOP. The purpose of this study was to search for correlations between Goldmann tonometry and corneal mechanical properties and thickness by means of in vitro tests. IOP was measured by the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GIOP), and by a pressure transducer inserted in the anterior chamber of the eye (TIOP), at increasing pressure levels by addition of saline solution in the anterior chamber of enucleated pig eyes (n = 49). Mechanical properties were also determined by inflation tests. The GAT underestimated the real measurements made by the pressure transducer, with most common differences in the range 15–28 mmHg. The difference between the two instruments, highlighted by the Bland–Altman test, was confirmed by ANOVA, normality tests, and Mann–Whitney’s tests, both on the data arranged for infusions and for the data organized by pressure ranges. Pearson correlation tests revealed a negative correlation between (TIOP-GIOP) and both corneal stiffness and corneal thickness. In conclusion, data obtained showed a discrepancy between GIOP and TIOP more evident for softer and thinner corneas, that is very important for glaucoma detection.
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Minella AL, Kiland JA, Gloe S, McLellan GJ. Validation and comparison of four handheld tonometers in normal ex vivo canine eyes. Vet Ophthalmol 2020; 24 Suppl 1:162-170. [PMID: 32478941 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the accuracy and precision of the Icare® TONOVET Plus rebound tonometer and the Tono-Pen AVIA Vet™ applanation tonometer for intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement in normal ex vivo canine eyes and comparison to earlier models of these tonometers. ANIMALS & PROCEDURES The anterior chambers of six normal dog eyes were cannulated ex vivo. IOP was measured with the TONOVET (TV01), TONOVET Plus, Tono-Pen Vet™, and Tono-Pen AVIA Vet™ at manometric IOPs ranging from 5 to 70 mm Hg. Data were analyzed by linear regression, ANOVA and Bland-Altman plots. A P value ≤ .05 was considered significant. RESULTS Intraocular pressure values obtained using the TONOVET Plus and TV01 were significantly more accurate than with the Tono-Pen VET and Tono-Pen AVIA Vet, particularly at higher IOPs (30-70 mm Hg). Accuracy was not significantly different between any of the devices in the low to normal physiologic IOP range (5-25 mm Hg). Level of precision was high for all devices, though the TONOVET Plus was more precise than the Tono-Pen Vet in the 5-25 mmHg range and the TV01 was more precise than the Tono-Pen AVIA Vet over the whole IOP range. CONCLUSIONS All devices underestimated IOP, particularly at higher pressures. Rebound tonometers were more accurate over the full range of IOP tested and in the high IOP range; however, there were no significant differences in accuracy among devices in the physiologic IOP range. All tonometers can provide clinically useful IOP readings in dogs, but rebound and applanation tonometers should not be used interchangeably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Minella
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julie A Kiland
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shawna Gloe
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gillian J McLellan
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Tu S, Li K, Ding X, Zuo C, Hu D, Ge J. TonoVet versus Tonopen in a high intraocular pressure monkey model. Mol Vis 2019; 25:391-399. [PMID: 31523117 PMCID: PMC6707614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the consistency of and deviation in intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements obtained by the TonoVet rebound tonometer and the Tonopen applanation tonometer in a primate model. Methods Twenty-four-hour IOPs (nine time points) were recorded in ten monkeys with normal IOP and eight monkeys with chronic high IOP (one eye was randomly selected for measurement in each animal) using a Tonopen and TonoVet device. Measurements obtained using both handheld devices were first compared in the healthy control group (90 readings). The monkeys with chronic ocular hypertension (COHT, 72 IOP readings) were divided into three subgroups according to the level of IOP. The consistency of and deviations in the measurements were analyzed using Bland-Altman plots, linear regression, and two-tailed Student t tests. Results In monkeys with normal IOP, the two devices produced similar IOP readings (mean IOP deviation, 0.06 ± 2.08 mmHg, p = 0.761), with 56.67% of the deviation between -1 mmHg and 1 mmHg and 91.12% between -3 mmHg and 3 mmHg. However, in the animal model group (23-60 mmHg), the readings obtained by the TonoVet tonometer were higher than those obtained by the Tonopen tonometer (mean deviation, 13.76 ± 9.19 mmHg); furthermore, 75.68% of the TonoVet measurements deviated by ± 5 mmHg from the Tonopen measurements. Conclusions In animals with normal IOP, the TonoVet and Tonopen tonometers produced consistent measurements. However, in a monkey model of chronic high IOP, the measurements obtained by these tonometers were inconsistent, with higher IOPs associated with larger measurement errors. Therefore, it is necessary to be aware that among different tonometers, there may be systemic errors and deviations in IOP measurements. These findings should facilitate efforts to obtain more accurate individualized diagnoses and prevent the utilization of misleading IOP values.
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Gloe S, Rothering A, Kiland JA, McLellan GJ. Validation of the Icare ® TONOVET plus rebound tonometer in normal rabbit eyes. Exp Eye Res 2019; 185:107698. [PMID: 31201805 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To determine the accuracy and precision of the Icare® TONOVET Plus rebound tonometer for measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) in normal rabbit eyes, as well as compare it to three other commercially available tonometers: the Icare® TONOVET (TV01), Tono-Pen Vet™, and Tono-Pen AVIA Vet™. The anterior chambers of both eyes of three New Zealand White rabbits were cannulated, post-mortem. IOP was measured using each of the above four tonometers at manometric pressures ranging between 5 mmHg and 70 mmHg. Data were analyzed by linear regression, ANOVA, and Bland-Altman plots. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant for all statistical tests. IOP values obtained with the TONOVET Plus (in 'lapine' mode) were significantly closer to manometric IOP than those obtained with the other tonometers tested. The TV01 (in 'd' dog setting) and Tono-Pen AVIA Vet™ were significantly more accurate compared to the Tono-Pen Vet™. All tonometers had high levels of precision, though the TONOVET Plus and TV01 were significantly more precise compared to the Tono-Pen AVIA Vet™. All tonometers tended to underestimate IOP, particularly at high pressures, however the TONOVET Plus was highly correlated with manometric IOP in the clinically relevant range of 5-50 mmHg. The TONOVET Plus is an appropriate choice of instrument for measuring IOP in rabbit eyes in both research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna Gloe
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Abby Rothering
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julie A Kiland
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gillian J McLellan
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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Liu YC, Wen J, Teo EPW, Williams GP, Lwin NC, Mehta JS. Higher-Order-Aberrations Following Hyperopia Treatment: Small Incision Lenticule Extraction, Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis and Lenticule Implantation. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2018; 7:15. [PMID: 29616154 PMCID: PMC5879992 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.7.2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the postoperative higher-order-aberrations (HOAs) after hyperopic small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), hyperopic laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), and lenticule implantation for correction of hyperopia. Methods Eighteen monkeys were divided to six groups: +2.00 D and +4.00 D hyperopic SMILE, +2.00 D and +4.00 D hyperopic LASIK (n = 6 eyes for each), and lenticule implantation with a −2.00 D and −4.00 D lenticule (n = 3 eyes for each). The corneal HOAs were evaluated preoperatively and 3-month postoperatively. Results At 3-month postoperatively, the spherical aberrations significantly increased toward negative direction in all +4.00 D groups (all P < 0.05). There was a significant change toward more negative values in the third-order vertical coma in the SMILE +4.00 D and LASIK +4.00 D groups (P = 0.026 and P = 0.036, respectively). There were also significant changes in the third-order horizontal trefoil (P = 0.034) and oblique secondary astigmatism (P = 0.012) in the LASIK +4.00 D group. In the eyes that underwent +4.00 D lenticule implantation, the fourth-order horizontal quatrefoil significantly increased (P = 0.029). In low hyperopia correction (+2.00 D), treatment with lenticule implantation tended to have less changes in HOAs, compared to the other two groups. Conclusions In hyperopic SMILE, hyperopic LASIK or lenticule implantation surgery, significant induction of third- and fourth-order HOAs were seen in moderate hyperopia correction but not in low hyperopia correction. In low hyperopia treatment, lenticule implantation might offer a favorable trend in the aspect of HOAs. Translational Relevance The results provided the knowledge of surgically induced HOAs and understanding of the effects of surgery in different types of hyperopic correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Liu
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jiaxin Wen
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Ericia Pei Wen Teo
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Geraint P Williams
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
| | - Nyein Chan Lwin
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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11
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Snyder KC, Lewin AC, Mans C, McLellan GJ. Tonometer validation and intraocular pressure reference values in the normal chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera). Vet Ophthalmol 2017; 21:4-9. [PMID: 28303681 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine accuracy and precision of three commonly used tonometers (TonoVet® and TonoLab® (ICare Oy, Finland)-rebound tonometers, and Tono-Pen VET™ (Reichert, NY)-applanation tonometer) in normal chinchillas, and to establish a normal intraocular pressure (IOP) reference range in this species. METHODS The anterior chambers of three chinchilla eyes were cannulated ex vivo and readings obtained at manometric IOPs from 5 to 80 mmHg, using each of the three tonometers in random order. Data were analyzed by linear regression, ANOVA, and Bland-Altman plots. Tonometry was performed in both eyes of 60 chinchillas (age 8 weeks-16.2 years) using the TonoVet® and relationship between age and IOP analyzed using linear regression. For all statistical tests, P < 0.05 was significant. RESULTS Intraocular pressure values obtained using the Tono-Pen VET™ and TonoVet® (in dog calibration mode;'d') showed strong linear correlation with manometry within the physiologic and clinically relevant range of IOP (0-50 mmHg). The TonoVet® 'd' setting displayed significantly greater precision over the full range of IOP evaluated than the Tono-Pen VET™, and both TonoVet and Tono-Pen VET™ were significantly more accurate than the TonoLab® tonometer. Mean ± SD IOP (TonoVet® 'd') in chinchillas was 9.7 ± 2.5 mmHg, and the 95% reference interval was 4.7-14.7 mmHg. CONCLUSIONS Both the Tono-Pen VET™ and TonoVet® provided clinically acceptable estimates of IOP in chinchillas. The TonoVet® provides accurate and precise IOP values, while Tono-Pen VET™ derived measurements showed greater variability. Values obtained either with the TonoLab® or TonoVet® used in the 'unspecified' calibration setting were inaccurate in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Snyder
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Andrew C Lewin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Christoph Mans
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Gillian J McLellan
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
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12
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Cannizzo SA, Lewbart GA, Westermeyer HD. Intraocular pressure in American Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) measured with rebound and applanation tonometry. Vet Ophthalmol 2017; 20:526-532. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Cannizzo
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA
| | - Gregory A. Lewbart
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA
| | - Hans D. Westermeyer
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA
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13
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Dubicanac M, Joly M, Strüve J, Nolte I, Mestre-Francés N, Verdier JM, Zimmermann E. Intraocular pressure in the smallest primate aging model: the gray mouse lemur. Vet Ophthalmol 2016; 21:319-327. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Dubicanac
- Institute of Zoology; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Bünteweg 17 Hannover 30559 Germany
| | - Marine Joly
- Institute of Zoology; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Bünteweg 17 Hannover 30559 Germany
| | - Julia Strüve
- Small Animal Clinic; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Bünteweg 4 Hannover 30559 Germany
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Clinic; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Bünteweg 4 Hannover 30559 Germany
| | - Nadine Mestre-Francés
- Université Montpellier 2; Montpellier France
- Inserm U1198; Montpellier France
- EPHE; Paris France
| | - Jean-Michel Verdier
- Université Montpellier 2; Montpellier France
- Inserm U1198; Montpellier France
- EPHE; Paris France
| | - Elke Zimmermann
- Institute of Zoology; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Bünteweg 17 Hannover 30559 Germany
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14
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McDonald JE, Knollinger AM, Dustin Dees D, MacLaren NE. Comparison of intraocular pressure measurements using rebound (TonoVet®) and applanation (TonoPen-XL®) tonometry in clinically normal alpacas (Vicugña pacos). Vet Ophthalmol 2016; 20:155-159. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D. Dustin Dees
- Eye Care for Animals; 12419 Metric Blvd Austin TX 78758 USA
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15
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Zhang H, Yang D, Ross CM, Wigg JP, Pandav S, Crowston JG. Validation of rebound tonometry for intraocular pressure measurement in the rabbit. Exp Eye Res 2014; 121:86-93. [PMID: 24561115 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Rabbits play a growing role in research into glaucoma surgical models and ocular drug delivery models. However, the lack of an accurate method for measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) in this animal has been a significant deficit. In this study we validated the use of the TonoVet rebound tonometer and provide conversion tables for its use in rabbits. Experiments were performed on 18 adult New Zealand White rabbits. The TonoVet measurements were obtained and compared to manometric readings by anterior chamber (AC) cannulation. The TonoVet position and 'd' (dog or cat) and 'p' (other species) modes were compared. The sensitivity of the TonoVet tonometer in assessing IOP changes was also tested. There was a strong linear correlation for both the 'd' mode (mean slope = 0.84 ± 0.03, r(2) = 0.99 ± 0.03) and the 'p' mode (mean slope = 0.64 ± 0.02, r2 = 0.97 ± 0.01) of the TonoVet with manometric IOP. However, the TonoVet had a tendency to underestimate IOP compared to manometry and conversion formulae were possible to calculate for both modes. The orientation of the TonoVet handle had no effect on IOP reading, as long as the groove was horizontal. No significant differences were observed when comparing right and left eyes (P > 0.05). IOP recovered four days after cannulation. Younger rabbits had lower IOP compared with older rabbits (P < 0.01). Timolol produced a 2.5 mmHg reduction in IOP 2 h later as detected by the TonoVet. Using the conversion table presented, the TonoVet is a reliable and precise tool for the measurement of IOP in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Eye Hospital, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China.
| | - Dong Yang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Craig M Ross
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Jonathan P Wigg
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Surinder Pandav
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Sector 24-A, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Jonathan G Crowston
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
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16
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Lambert SR, Melia M, Buffenn AN, Chiang MF, Simpson JL, Yang MB. Rebound Tonometry in Children. Ophthalmology 2013; 120:e21-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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17
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McLellan GJ, Kemmerling JP, Kiland JA. Validation of the TonoVet® rebound tonometer in normal and glaucomatous cats. Vet Ophthalmol 2012; 16:111-8. [PMID: 22672669 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2012.01038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective To validate intraocular pressure (IOP) readings obtained in cats with the TonoVet(®) tonometer. Animals studied IOP readings obtained with the TonoVet(®) were compared to IOP readings determined by manometry and by the Tono-Pen XL(™) in 1 normal cat and two glaucomatous cats. TonoVet(®) and Tono-Pen XL(™) readings were also compared in a further six normal and nine glaucomatous cats. Procedures The anterior chambers of both eyes of three anesthetized cats were cannulated and IOP was varied manometrically, first increasing from 5 to 70 mmHg in 5 mmHg increments, then decreasing from 70 to 10 mmHg in 10 mmHg decrements. At each point, two observers obtained three readings each from both eyes, with both the TonoVet(®) and Tono-Pen XL(™) . IOP was measured weekly for 8 weeks with both tonometers in six normal and nine glaucomatous unsedated cats. Data were analyzed by linear regression. Comparisons between tonometers and observers were made by paired student t-test. Results The TonoVet(®) was significantly more accurate than the Tono-Pen XL(™) (P = 0.001), correlating much more strongly with manometric IOP. In the clinical setting, the Tono-Pen XL(™) underestimated IOP when compared with the TonoVet(®) . Conclusions Both the TonoVet(®) and Tono-Pen XL(™) provide reproducible IOP measurements in cats; however, the TonoVet(®) provides readings much closer to the true IOP than the Tono-Pen XL(™) . The TonoVet(®) is superior in accuracy to the Tono-Pen XL(™) for the detection of ocular hypertension and/or glaucoma in cats in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian J McLellan
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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